1 Table 1. Characteristics of the samples
Variables n Mean SD
Age
Female 193 23.6 6.5
Male 123 22.1 4.8
Type of surgery
Non-surgery 156
Class II non-ext surgery 23
Class II ext surgery 16
Class III non-ext surgery 68
Class III ext surgery 53
Type of learning
Learning set 204
Test set 112
Total 316
2
Table 2. Descriptions of the twelve cephalometric measurements Variables Description
ANB (˚) Angle between A-point, nasion, and B-point
OJ (mm) Anterior-posterior overlap of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisor Björk sum (˚) Sum of saddle angle, articular angle, and gonial angle
OB (mm) Superior-inferior overlap of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisor U1 to SN (˚) Angle between line through long axis of maxillary incisor and SN plane U1 to OP (˚) Angle between line through long axis of maxillary incisor and occlusal plane IMPA (˚) Angle between line through long axis of mandibular incisor and mandibular plane L1 to OP (˚) Angle between line through long axis of mandibular incisor and occlusal plane IIA (˚) Angle between line through long axis of maxillary incisor and mandibular incisor UL to E-line (mm) Distance from upper lip to esthetic line
LL to E-line (mm) Distance from lower lip to esthetic line
NLA (˚) Angle formed by the intersection of the upper lip and columella at subnasale
3 Table 3. Descriptions of the six additional indexes
Indexes Description
Maxillary ALD index Grouping ALD > 0, -1 < ALD ≤ 0, -3 <ALD ≤ -1, -5 < ALD ≤ -3, and ALD ≤ -5 to assign weights
Mandibular ALD index Grouping ALD > 0, -1 < ALD ≤ 0, -3 <ALD ≤ -1, -5 < ALD ≤ -3, and ALD ≤ -5 to assign weights
Molar key index Grouping Class III key, Super Class I key, Class I key, End-on key, and Class II key to assign weights
Large overjet index Grouping overjet ≤ 5 and overjet > 5 to assign weights
Protrusion index Grouping concave profile, normal profile, mild protrusion, moderate protrusion, and severe protrusion to assign weights
CC index for protrusion Grouping ‘no protrusion in the CC’ and ‘protrusion in the CC’ to assign weights
ALD, arch length discrepancy; CC, chief complaint
4 Table 4. Descriptions for the output data
Groups Output data
Dx_surg Dx_diff Dx_ext
Non-surgery 0
Class II non-ext surgery 1 0 0
Class II ext surgery 1 0 1
Class III non-ext surgery 1 1 0
Class III ext surgery 1 1 1
5 Table 5. Success rates of the each classifier (%)
Learning set
Test set Total set Training set Validation set
Classifier_Surg 95 (129/136) 97 (66/68) 96 (108/112) 96 (303/316) Classifier_Diff 100 (64/64) 100 (32/32) 100 (64/64) 100 (160/160) Classifier_Ext_II 95 (20/21) 100 (7/7) 100 (11/11) 97 (38/39) Classifier_Ext_III 90 (43/48) 88 (21/24) 86 (42/49) 88 (106/121)
Total 91 (186/204) 90 (101/112) 91 (287/316)
6 Table 6. Analysis of the failed diagnosis
n Class III non-ext surgery ↔ Class III ext surgery 15
Class II non-ext surgery ↔ Non-surgery 6
Class II ext surgery ↔ Non-surgery 4
Class III non-ext surgery ↔ Non-surgery 2
Class II ext surgery ↔ Class II non-ext surgery 1
Class III ext surgery ↔ Non-surgery 1
Total 29
