Supplemental data. Characteristics of included randomized controlled trials and observational studies Study Design Number Setting Penetrating
injury (%)
Blunt injury (%)
Mean ISSd
TBIe (%)
Definition of hypotension for inclusion
Comparison Amount of crystalloids infused in comparison groups (mean)
Variables accounted forf
Bickell et al., 1994 (24)
RCTa 598 EMSb/
ERc
100 0 26 0 SBP g <90 mmHg Immediate versus
delayed fluid resuscitation
2478 ml versus 375 ml NA
Turner et al., 2000 (25)
RCT 1309 EMS 1.8 98.2 13 24.4 Hypotension not
needed for inclusion
With versus without fluid administration
Not available NA
Dutton et al., 2002 (26)
RCT 110 ER 50.9 49.1 21.7 0 SBP<90 mmHg Fluid administration
titrated to SBP >100 versus >70 mmHg
Not available NA
Morrison et al., 2011 (27)
RCT 90 Operating
room
93.3 0.7 21.6 0 SBP<90 mmHg Fluid administration
titrated to MAPh >65 versus >50 mmHg
3282 ml versus 2883 ml NA
Kaweski et al., 1990 (28)
Retrospec tive cohort study
6855 EMS 17 83 17 14.3 Hypotension not
needed for inclusion
With versus without fluid administration
620-1554 ml (only means of stratified groups available) versus 0 ml
Nil
Sampalis et al., 1997 (29)
Case- control study
434 EMS 20 80 11.7 39 Hypotension not
needed for inclusion
With versus without fluid administration
The mean of volume infused not available
Matched by on-site prehospital index and adjusted by age, gender, ISS, pattern and
mechanism of injury, prehospital time
Dula et al., 2002 (30)
Case- control study
150 EMS 0 100 17.5 24.5 SBP<90 mmHg With fluid
resuscitation >500 mL versus without fluid resuscitation
The mean of volume infused not available
Matched by ISS and SBP, and adjusted by age, ISS, SBP
Talving et al., 2005 (31)
Retrospec tive cohort study
102 EMS 25 75 28.5 34 SBP<90 mmHg With versus without
fluid administration
The mean of volume infused not available
Age, gender, ISS, SBP, fluid volume,
mechanism, time to on-scene arrival Ley et al.,
2011 (32)
Retrospec tive cohort study
3137 ER NA NA 10.6 33.1 Hypotension not
needed for inclusion
Fluid resuscitation
>1000 mL versus
<1000 mL
The mean of volume infused not available
Age, gender, ISS, coma scale, SBP, fluid volume
Huβmann et al., 2011 (33)
Case-cont rol study
2702 EMS 4.7 95.3 35.3 46.4 Hypotension not
needed for inclusion
Fluid resuscitation
>2000 mL versus
<1500 mL
2793 ml versus 1053 ml Matched by age, SBP, calendar year, pattern of injury
Duke et al., 2012 (24)
Retrospec tive cohort study
307 ER 100 0 27.9 0 SBP<90 mmHg Fluid resuscitation
>150 mL versus <150 mL
2757 ml versus 129 ml Age, gender, ISS, SBP
aRCT: Randomized-controlled trial
bEMS: Emergency medical service
cER: Emergency room
dISS: Injury severity score
eTBI: Traumatic brain injury
fNA: Not applicable
gSBP: Systolic blood pressure
hMAP: Mean arterial pressure
