TEACHERS’ STYLES IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT SMAN 5 SIJUNJUNG
Skeni Rahmawati, Yulmiati, M. Khairi Ikhsan
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tipe gaya apa yang digunakan guru Bahasa Inggris dalam proses belajar mengajar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan basic descriptive study. Partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah 2 orang guru Bahasa Inggris di SMAN 5 Sijunjung. Data ini dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan dengan merekam proses belajar mengajar yang dilakukan oleh guru, menggunakan observation checklist dan fieldnote. Dalam penelitian ini ada tiga tipe gaya guru menurut teori De Porter tahun 2009 yaitu visual style, auditory style dan kinesthetic style. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa guru Bahasa Inggris di SMAN 5 Sijunjung menggunakan ketiga gaya guru didalam proses belajar mengajar. Visual style yang digunakan guru adalah berhubungan dengan hal-hal yang bisa dilihat. Auditory style yang digunakan guru adalah memberikan penjelasan secara oral. Sedangkan, Kinesthetic style adalah guru menggunakan gerakan tubuh dalam proses belajar mengajar. Jumlah keseluruhan karakter gaya guru adalah 19 sub indicators dalam proses belajar mengajar. Guru A menggunakan 8 sub indicators, Guru B menggunakan 12 sub indicators dalam proses belajar mengajar.
Kata Kunci : Gaya-gaya Guru, Proses Belajar Mengajar
INTRODUCTION
Teachers have important role in teaching learning process, because they should be able to take care of all students. The teachers responsible to creativity, confidence, and skills students. According to education act 2005 no. 14 about teacher and lecture,
“guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik,
mengajar, membimbing,
mengarahkan, melatih, menilai dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini jalur pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah”. Teachers not only teach but play an important role as an educator. Besides, teachers have roles and responsibilities as motivator, evaluators, and facilitators.
Teachers is a determinant of future students. They also responsible for
students prepare for their mental orientation.
Each teacher has different styles of teaching learning process, even if they have the same purpose, it is called as teachers style. Teachers style should be able to improve student interest in learning and conventional forces leave and do not want to learn to independently. If teachers using force in accordance with the material in teaches, teachers can help students must return to explain riview such material.
According to Gutteridge (2000) teaching English begins by accepting this general notionof what imaginative literature is and why person ought to approach it is something real and unique. It means that teaching English language is a real and unique, learning English by accepting the general opinion of imaginative literature.
In addition, Bridley (2002) states that teaching English sets out to support the student teacher in that part of becoming a good English teacher knowing the subject by bringing together some of thinking on key areas in English and relating that
thinking to neffective classroom practice. From this theory it can be assummed that teaching English can help student teacher become good English teacher by bringing together some of thoughts on key areas related to English that make class practice active and effective.
Many experts about the definition of teacher style. According to Butler (1990), all teachers have a personal learning style which limits their vision of other possibilities in the classroom and their choice and interpretation of teaching techniques.
Furthermore, the concept of teaching style can help to understand the person as a teacher acting as an instrumrnt to thought who actually shapes the reality of the classroom.
According to Madden (2002) teachers teaching style is the way that is used to give impormation. It can be said, teachers style is how the teacher delivered them information to the students while teaching learning process. In explaining the material in teaching learning process, teachers style is important. Students will accept some information throught teachers style in transferring it. In
addition, teachers style are the ways that are used by the teacher to appear the students in teaching. Every teachers have to optimum performance in the classroom and use them in preparation, teaching and managing the students. It means, in explaining the material in teaching learning process teachers have a different style, and teachers style is important, because students will accept some information through teachers style in transfering it. In addition.
All of the explanation of the experts above it can be concluded that teachers style is teachers style that expressed through the behaviors, characteristic and mannerisms that reflect teaching philosophy and the role that is preferred to take when conveying information in a classroom. Teachers style is the way that used by the teachers to give information in explaining the material. In teaching learning process teachers style is important, because it can be increase students interest and make students not passive in the classroom
There are three types of teachers style that are prevalent in classroom. According to Madden (2002) there are there types of teachers style in teaching, they are:
visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. First is visual style is divided in to external and internal visual. External visual is information process through what are seen. Then internal visual is information process through what are seen and remembering direcly.
Furthermore, teacher who has visual style give the information through seeing the object directly. Second is auditory style. Auditory style is also devides in to internal and external auditory. Internal auditory is information process through hearing and discuss it in a small group. Then external auditory is information process through hearing and discuss it in a big group. It means the teacher transfer information through hearing.
Third is kinesthetic style, kinesthetic style is also divided in to internal and external kinesthetic. Kinesthetic internal is information process through move, do or touch object.
While external kinesthetic is information process through using
non verbal action like body language or tone. Teacher who has kinesthetic style like to move, doing or touching object direclty.
Furthermore, Haggart (2003) adds teachers teaching style have theree types, there are kinesthetic teacher, tactual teacher and auditory teacher. First, kinesthetic teacher have active classroom. Students are out their seats doing projects, working in groups and making things. It means that, teachers make the students move and create an active classroom.
Students work in a group and free to explore their ideas in learning. The kinesthetic teacher is more active, because she/he moves from one side to the other side in the classroom.
Second, tectual teacher, teacher with a tectual preference focus on self esteem, social skills and self expression. Concerned about feelings, they make sure students are comportable and having fun. From the explanation expert, the tectual teachers create a warm and welcoming classroom environment where students work together like an extended family in a supportive atmosphere. Last is auditory teacher,
teachers with an auditory preference often lecture and ask a lot of question.
In here, teachers like to do a verbal communication with students in teaching learning process. Teachers encourage the students to be active listeners and articulate speakers.
In addition, De Porter (2009) explains the teachers teaching style may be classified an visual, auditory and kinesthetic. First is visual style, the teacher presents the lesson through the picture, sketches, diagrams, graphs, or other related illustration. It means, the teacher who has this type likes to use media in transfer information to students or something that can be seen. Second is auditory style, the teacher give oral explanations most of the time. It means, the teacher who has an auditory style, tranfer their information by use their voice and the students just hear what the teacher explained. Third, kinesthetic style, the teacher engages the students in physical movements as they learn the subject.
Based on the explanation about the the types of teachers styles above, it can be concluded that there
are three types of teachers syles in teaching learning process. They are visual style, auditory style, kinesthetic style. First, visual style, here teacher take the students to imagine the material through picture or using illustratios. It is one of types of teachers style that transfer information through seeing the object directly. Second, auditory style, teacher with this style is modality to access all voice that is created or remembered. It is one of types that transfer information through hearing.
The last, kinesthetic style, it is a modality uses a gesture, body, language in teaching. Kinesthetic style, one of types that through moving, doing or touching object directly.
There are three characteristics of teachers styles. Thye first is Visual style based on Madden (2002) states there are some characteristic in visual styles, 1). Using textbooks and other supporting books of interest (eye catching). 2). Speaking loudly but just short speaking and monotone. 3).
They like remembering something when are hearing. 4). They like colors
and using pictures as direction.
Morever, According to De Porter (2009) adds the characteristics of visual style are: 1). Teachers uses color paper than whiteboard, and then hung graphic contain important information around the class when you are explaining the material. 2).
The teachers motivates the students to describe information by using map, diagram, color and give time to make it. 3). Teachers stands quietly when explains information segments. It means that teacher moves among segments. 4). Teachers gives key phrase lesson guide line and give time to take note. 5). Teachers give color code in teaching as intrument and motivates students to arrange their lesson colorful. 6). Using icon in presentation by create visual symbol.
Finally, based on the explanation above, the teachers with visual styles, in transferring information also using map, diagram, pictures, or others illustration as media in explain the material. Visual teacher also guide the students to remembering something by using picture.
The second is auditory style according to Madden (2002) explain that the characteristic of auditory style in teaching: 1) They like hearing than reading. 2) Easy to remembering what are they seen that they heard. It means, the auditory teacher, easy to membering by hearing that reading.
In addition, Haggart (2003) states characteristics of auditory style are:
1). Give oral explanation most of time. 2). Not afraid to speak in class.
3). Remembering names, notices sound effects in movies, enjoys music. 4). Well at grammar and foreign language. 5). Reads slowly.
6). Follows spoken directions well.
7). Enjoys being on stage and it is good in study groups. In here, the auditory students use their voice to give the explanation orally. They also like to ask students to inform one of the key concepts are studied.
In addition De Porter (2009) listed five teachers auditory in the classroom, 1). Using vocal variation in presentation, it means the teachers must manage your voice such us volume and speed. 2). Teach based on teachers way to testing: give test with the same form when you present the
material. 3). Use repetition, ask students to retell the key concept and direction. 4). Each teaching segment ask student to inform friend beside them then ask one of the keys that are studied. 5). Sing the keys concept or ask students a song about concep. 6).
Use music as direction to do the activities. Provide the opportunity for auditory learners to recite the main points of a book or lecturer. Morever, In conclusion, the teachers auditory style is like to hear than read and easy to remember what are they seen than they heard. In teaching process, the teachers usually using vocal variation in presenting and explaining the material. They also use the repetition while explain the lesson. They prefer to speak or recite the information.
the last is kinesthetic style according to Madden (2002) the characteristic of teachers kinesthetic style are: 1). Give information process through moving, doing and touching. 2). Use non verbal communication of body language to express something. 3). Rtying something before heading that what they have been done, it means that
teacher use non verbal to interact with their students. 4). In explain the material they always moving, doing and touching.
In addition, De Porter (2009) adds the characteristic of kinesthetic style are: 1). Using visual aid when when teaching to create student curiosity and emphasize the key concepts. 2). Create the simulation concept. 3). Guide the students by sitting beside them. 4). Trying speak to each students personally every day.
5). Show the concept when give the change to students to learn material step by step. 6). Tell you personal experience motivate them to do same thing. 7). The students to walk around the class.
Based on the explanation about the characteristic of teachers’
styles above, the researcher chooses the characteristic of teachers styles that are proposed by De Porter (2010). There are three characteristic of teachers styles. That are visual style, auditory style, and kinesthetic style. The researcher chooses that characteristic of teachers styles because it ways to represent all of the theories.
RESEARCH METHOD
The design of this study was descriptive research. According to Gay and Arisian (2000), a descriptive study determines and describes the way things are. It means that descriptive research is a research that started by collecting the data to find the answer of the question. Thus, the researchers’ reason to choose descriptive research is to describe of teachers’ styles in teaching English that are used at SMAN 5 SIJUNJUNG and the selecting participant by total sampling.
According to Pietney and Parker (2009), total sampling is sampling includes everyone associated with a small group as participant in a study.
In this research, the researcher used video recording, observation checklist and field note to get information during observation.
FINDINGS AND DISSCUSION Based on the analysis of observation checklist, fieldnote, and video recording, there are three types of teachers’ styles that is used by English teachers in SMAN 5 Sijunjung. They are visual style,
auditory style, and kinesthetic style, but all of the English teachers do not use all the sub indicators of characteristics of teachers’ styles. The researcher provided 19 sub indicators of characteristics of teachers’ styles (visual style, auditory style, and kinesthetic style) as instrument for observing the English teachers.
The researcher found that English teachers used different characteristics in teaching learning process. The English teachers used visual style in motivate the students participation during teaching learning process. Visual style which was used by the English teachers were askes the students give example or to know important information about the material. Thus, auditory style is teaching by using voice variety. Next, kinesthetic style is teaching by using body movement.
Based on the explanation state above, the teachers not only use one style in teaching but they also combine their teaching styles. The common style that is used by the teachers kinesthetic style. It is because the students more active in teaching learing process. So, if the
teachers guide the students by sitting beside them, it made the students more participation to gave their opinion in teaching learning process.
The result of the observation checklist, fieldnote, and video recording showed that the English teachers of SMAN 5 Sijunjung used types of teachers’ syles in teaching learning process. The English teachers used visual style, auditory style, and kinesthetic style. In addition, from the finding of this research showed that English teachers used of the types of teachers’ styles in teaching learning process. The teacher may also apply more than one style of the teachers’ styles in teaching. It mean that teacher can combine their style in teaching learning process. It depends on students condition. They sould adjust their style to the students.
they can chose styles that are appropriate with the students be active. If the students did not give response to the teachers when the teachers explained the lesson, the teacher may used other style to make students participation in study.
CONCLUSION
Based on the researcher finding, the researcher found that English teachers in SMAN 5 Sijunjung used types of teachers’ styles in teaching learning process. They are visual styles, auditory style and kinesthetic style. Thus every teacher has different characteristics to give the material in teaching learning process.
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