2. HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES
2.1.7 Temperate Vegetables .1 Cabbage
Variety identified: A cabbage F1 hybrid ‘KTCBH-822’
has been identified for release for Zone I (Humid Western Himalayan Region, i.e. Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand) and Zone-VI (Arid Western Plains: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana and Delhi) in the XXXVII Group Meeting of AICRP (VC) held at TNAU, Coimbatore during 22-25th June, 2019.
The hybrid has dark green and waxy leaves, flat and very compact head covered with outer leaf. It matures in 70-75 days after transplanting and has very good
field staying capacity after head formation. It has field tolerance to black rot disease. Average yield recorded in multi-location trials is 41.4 t/ha.
Morphological and molecular characterization of
‘Ogura’ based CMS and DH lines: With the aim to select diverse parents for F1 hybrid breeding, 26 cabbage genotypes (13 CMS and 13 DH) were subjected to molecular diversity analyses using 52 SSR markers. Out of which 26 primers were found highly polymorphic and were found useful to differentiate different genotypes under study. Based on the results of molecular characterization, the most divergent parents representing both CMS (KTCB-1A, KTCB-5A, KTCB-6A, KTCB-208A, KTCB-831A, KTCB-836A) and DH (KTCB-50-1, KTCB-50-3, KTCB-51-2, KTCB- 51-19, KTCB-51-6) genotypes were selected for their further use in F1 hybrid breeding. Furthermore, wide variations were observed among the selected CMS (6) and DH (5) genotypes for different qualitative and quantitative traits under study. Based on the mean performance for different quantitative traits, three CMS lines, viz., KTCB-836A, KTCB-5A and KTCB-6A and two DH genotypes, viz., KTCB-50-1 and KTCB-51- 19 were found superior, which can be utilized in future heterosis breeding programmes.
PCR amplification profile of 26 genotypes of cabbage using SSR primer (A) BoSF062 and (B) BoSF1167; where, M = Molecular size marker (1 Kb ladder). Molecular sizes (in bp) are given on left
Evaluation of inbred CMS and DH parental line- based hybrids: During the year 2018-19, 30 F1 hybrids along with one standard check (Pusa Hybrid-81) were evaluated for different qualitative and quantitative
Cabbage F1 hybrid ‘KTCBH-822’
traits. Based on the mean performance for yield per hectare, six cross combinations, viz. KTCB-1A × KTCB- 50-1 (586.82 q), KTCB-836A × KTCB-51-19 (568.93 q), KTCB-836A × KTCB-51-2 (557.27 q), KTCB-836A × KTCB-50-3 (527.90 q), KTCB-836A × KTCB-51-6 (517.08 q) and KTCB-836A × KTCB-50-1 (513.06 q) were found superior than the check cultivar (405.93 q). Hence, these hybrid combinations can further be tested at multi-locations before releasing as a substitute of the already existing cabbage hybrid varieties.
Evaluation of F1 seed yielding ability of ‘Ogura’ based CMS lines: The hybrid seed yielding ability of 10
‘Ogura’ based CMS lines were tested by crossing them with a common tester, i.e., Golden Acre.
Significant differences were obtained among the different CMS lines for seed yield per plant (g). the highest seed yield per plant was recorded by the CMS line KTCB-12A (32.07 g), which was found statistically at par with KTCB-83-1A (30.11 g) and KTCB-1A (29.73 g). While, lowest seed yield (13.33 g) was observed in the line KTCB-R6A followed by KTCB-R2A (15.17 g) and KTCB-R7A (15.33 g). Hence, keeping in view the commercial feasibility for hybrid seed production, CMS lines with higher seed setting can be used for F1 hybrid development.
Entries contributed in AICRP (VC) trials: Two open- pollinated genotypes of red cabbage (KTCBR-3 and KTCBR-5) were contributed in AICRP (VC) IET trial during the year 2019. Besides this, two entries of open pollinated white cabbage (KTCB-52 and KTCB-121) were advanced to AVT-1 trial under AICRP (VC).
Introgression of Diplotaxis catholica and Trachystoma ballii male sterile cytoplasm: During summer season of 2019, BC5 and BC6 populations for the introgression of Diplotaxis catholica and Trachystoma ballii male sterile cytoplasms were developed into cabbage background through backcrossing and embryo rescue technique.
Introgression of β-carotene rich ‘Or’ gene into cabbage and broccoli: BC2 populations of the introgressed β-carotene rich ‘Or’gene in cabbage (S 831) and broccoli (Pusa Broccoli KTS-1) were developed during summer, 2019 and are still under evaluation. The desired plants will be advanced to next generation through marker- assisted backcross selection.
2.1.7.2 Snowball cauliflower
Variety identified: One cauliflower F1 hybrid, KTH- 301 has been identified for commercial cultivation in XXXVII Group Meeting of AICRP (VC) held at TNAU, Coimbatore. This is the first CMS based F1 hybrid in the mid-late group of cauliflower developed by Indian
Promising inbred CMS and DH parental line based cabbage hybrids
KTCB-1A × KTCB-50-1 KTCB-836A × KTCB-51-19 KTCB-836A × KTCB-51-2
Cauliflower F1 hybrid ‘KTH-301’
public sector. It was recommended for cultivation in the Zone I [Humid Western Himalayan Region, i.e. Jammu
& Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand] and Zone-VI (Arid Western Plains: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana and Delhi). This hybrid is suitable for cultivation in the mid-season with the harvesting of curd in the month of November-December. It has very compact white curd with average curd weight of 1.04 kg and average yield of 39.5 t/ha.
Evaluation of mid-season hybrids: Thirty CMS based hybrids of mid-season cauliflower received form ICAR-IARI, New Delhi were evaluated at Regional Station, Katrain, of which marketable yield of five hybrids,viz., MD-19 (23.43 t/ha), MD-201 (21.24 t/ha), DCH-8476/1476 (21.12 t/ha), PSH DCH-8409 (20.57 t/
ha) and DCH-8402 (14.80 t/ha) were found superior than the check cultivar PH-2 (11.22 t/ha). All these hybrids matured in the last week of December and had compact/ semi-compact white/ creamy-white attractive curds.
Entries contributed in AICRP (VC) trials: During the year 2019, two open-pollinated genotypes (KTCF-30 and KTCF-33) and two CMS based hybrids of mid- season (KTCF-23 and KTCF-40) cauliflower were contributed in AICRP (VC) IET trials. Besides this, three entries of open-pollinated mid-season genotype were advanced to AVT-1 (KTCF-2 & KTCF-4) and AVT- II (KT-37) trials under AICRP (VC).
Introgression of Diplotaxis catholica and Trachystoma ballii male sterile cytoplasm: During summer season of 2019, BC5 and BC6 populations were developed for
the introgression of D. catholica and T. ballii male sterile cytoplasms into snowball cauliflower background through backcrossing and embryo rescue technique.
Introgression of β-carotene rich ‘Or’ and anthocyanin rich ‘Pr’ genes: BC2 population of the introgressed β-carotene (Or gene) and anthocyanin (Pr gene) rich genes into 10 genotypes were developed during summer, 2019 and is still under evaluation. The desired plants will be advanced to next generation through marker-assisted backcross selection.
Introgression of fertility restorer gene (Rfo) into B.
oleracea through inter-specific hybridization: The BC1 population of introgressed fertility restorer gene (Rfo) into different genotypes of B. oleracea (cauliflower and cabbage) was screened with the help of fertility restorer gene specific SSR markers. The BC1 plants carrying Rfo gene would be then backcrossed with their respective recurrent parents to get BC2 progenies.
2.1.7.3 Capsicum
Variety identified KTC-1: Was identified and recommended in XXXVII Group Meeting of AICRP(VC) held at TNAU, Coimbatore during 22-25th June, 2019 for Zone-I. It is an early maturing (62 days) open-pollinated variety of capsicum developed by ICAR-IARI Regional Station, Katrain through pureline selection. The plants are medium statured (45.0 cm) and bear 6 fruits (av.) per plant with average fruit weight of 70 g. The fruit colour at marketable maturity is green and it turns to yellow at seed maturity. This variety is moderately resistant to phytophthora fruit rot and leaf bight diseases and yields about 20.2 t/ha in field conditions.
MD-19
(Creamy white compact curds) MD-201
(Creamy white semi-compact curds) DCH-8476/1476 (White compact curds Promising CMS based hybrids of mid-season cauliflower
Fruits of capsicum variety ‘KTC-1’
Hybrid evaluation: Fifty-three hybrids were evaluated for yield and quality traits. Among them, KTCH-13 (28.81 t/ha) followed by KTCH-48 (28.23 t/ha) and KTCH-23 (27.97 t/ha) were found most promising based on yield and fruit quality traits (shape, size and colour).
Transfer of fertility restorer gene: The BC1 population of the introgressed fertility restorer gene into 10 genotypes was developed during the year 2019.
During this year, it will be advanced to next generation by backcrossing with their respective recurrent parent.