3. GENETIC RESOURCES AND BIOSYSTEMATICS
3.1 CROP GENETIC RESOURCES .1 Wheat
3.1.7 Vegetable Crops
Cauliflower: Fertile inbred lines (128) were evaluated in three different maturity groups, viz., early (64) and mid-early (36) and mid-late (28). Besides, 34 new inbred lines (F4) were evaluated in early group (18) and mid-early group. For maintenance of 82 lines of early group, selfing and sibbing have been attempted in plants selected for horticultural traits. Besides, eight SI lines of early maturity group were evaluated for horticultural traits and attempted bud-pollination for their maintenance. Thirteen fixed CMS lines of early group were evaluated for horticultural traits and floral traits. In mid-group, seven CMS lines were evaluated for curd traits. Further, conversion of 30 elite inbred
Visis berlandarii Vitis jacquemontii
lines using improved Ogura sterile cytoplasm and seven lines with Eru(napus) sterile cytoplasm have been advanced to BC5-8 stages. Profuse seed setting and seed yield was reported in both improved Ogura and Eru(napus) sterile cytoplasm based CMS lines but negligible in case of DC-394-41-5 (a different CMS cytoplasm). Further, 190 RILs (from PHJ/PS x BR- 2/161/207/202) developed for black rot resistance were evaluated for horticultural traits (curd maturity, curd yield) during mid maturity group. Of them, 12 were promising for horticultural traits along with desirable level of resistance against black rot and downy mildew resistance.
Other Brassica vegetables: In broccoli, 24 varieties/
breeding lines were raised for advancing them in next generations (S4-6/F5-7). Two CMS lines DC-Brocco- 64A and DC-Brocco-15A were also characterized for horticultural traits and selected plants were advanced to BC5 generation. In tropical ‘No Chill type’ cabbage, two inbred lines (PA-1 and PA-2) and two CMS lines DC-PA-1A and DC-PA-2A were also raised and selected plants based on plant and head traits to maintain them.
Brinjal: A total of 25 working germplasm ware purified, evaluated and maintained, while 65 segregating progenies were advanced. Wild accessions were maintained and used in cross combinations. A total of 15 new lines of brinjal were collected from different parts of India for evaluation.
Cucumber: During spring summer season of 2019, 168 germplasm /advance breeding lines including 27 new collections and 16 tropical gynoecious lines were evaluated and promising lines were maintained.
Melon: One hundred thirty six germplasm of wild and cultivated relatives of muskmelon was collected from Rajasthan. One hundred twenty two germplasm of muskmelon were evaluated for horticultural traits and resistance against Fusarium wilt and these lines were maintained. Forty two muskmelon germplasm were screened in poly house for resistance against powdery mildew resistance and genotype EC751844- 3 and oriental melon could be identified as source of resistance. Forty three genotypes of watermelon from Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus, var. citroides and C.
colocynthis were evaluated and maintained.
Pumpkin: Fifty germplasm/ advanced breeding lines of pumpkin were evaluated and maintained. Pumpkin line DPU-84 having lemon yellow coloured flower as a potential morphological marker is maintained.
Longmelon and Round melon: Twelve germplasm/
advanced breeding lines each of long melon and round melon were maintained. Long melon lines DLM 19-2 with segmented leaf and DLM 14-1 & DLM 24-1 having dark green skin colour were maintained. Longmelon line DLM 19-2 with segmented leaf was crossed with Pusa Utkarsh to study the inheritance of segmented leaf character.
Carrot: Forty inbred lines were planted for maintenance and crossing programme. Selected roots of ten genotypes were planted for purification and further multiplication. Four CMS lines were found to be uniform and are being maintained.
Onion: Forty five germplasm lines, 320 breeding lines, 25 S2M1, 340 hybrids with parents, 45 exotic and 30 onion and 12 garlic varieties are being maintained.
Morphological and floral traits of a new cultivated Allium species
Based on the ITS barcoding, this species (North East) seems to be a cross between onion and Allium fistulosum. The chromosome number of the new species is also 16 (2n), which is equivalent to the chromosome number in onion and A.fistulosum. Further, studies are needed to authenticate the true identity of this new Allium species.
Establishment of North East Allium species identity based on ITS sequencing
Garden pea: One hundred germplasm lines including 17 imported lines from USA of garden pea were rejuvenated and maintained. Among these 10 lines were found resistant to powdery mildew and two new lines were bulked as GP 1805 and GP 1806 based on horticultural traits for yield and furtherevaluation.
Okra: Forty three selected wild okra accessions of different species, namely, Abelmoschus angulosus, A.
tetraphyllus, A. moschatus, A. caillei, A. ficulneus, A.
mizoramensis and A. tuberculatus were screened for YVMV and ELCV resistance. The F1 and back cross populations of wild with cultivated in the background of Pusa A4, Pusa Bhindi-5 and DOV-92 were evaluated.
The population which was free from YVMV and ELCV were selected. Advance cross combination of A.
moschatus and Abelmoschus angulosus, namely, Am66-
2 in the background of Pusa Bhindi-5, Am92-1 in the background of DOV-92 and Am4-1 in the background of Pusa A-4 were found resistant as well as had desirable fruit set with improved fruits type. Resistant plants from crosses of cultivated and A. tetraphyllus and A. caillei were selected for further generation advancement.
At Regional Station, Katrain a good number of germplasm of different vegetable and ornamental crops are being maintained. The details are as follows:
Cabbage: About 165 germplasm including 12 DH lines, 7 self-incompatible lines and 32 CMS lines along with their respective maintainers were purified and maintained.
Cauliflower: A total of 166 germplasm lines of white cauliflower (50 CMS and 50 maintainers, 30 OP, 20 EC lines and 8 DH based CMS lines and 8 DH based maintainers) were purified and maintained during the year 2019. Besides these, five genotypes each of orange and purple coloured cauliflower were advanced to BC2 generation at ICAR-IARI RS, Katrain.
Wild Brassica: 32 different Brassica accessions collected from Kolasib, Mizoram and 10 wild Brassicaceae species,viz. Alliaria petiolata, Brassica tournefortii, Brassica critica, Cardamine hirsute, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Nasturtium officinale, Rorippaislandica, Sisymbrium officinale, S. irio and S. orientale collected from Kulluvalley were maintained and evaluated for insect resistance traits.
Capsicum: Three CMS lines of capsicum were maintained by crossing with their respective maintainers. Besides these, 50 other open-pollinated genotypes and 10 advanced breeding lines of chilli/
paprika were also maintained under polyhouse conditions.
Temperate carrot: About 70 germplasm lines including 27 EC and IC lines, and 20 CMS lines along with their respective maintainers were purified and maintained.
Broccoli: Total of 20 germplasm and 8 CMS lines along with their maintainer lines were purified and maintained.
Abelmoschusmoschatus and A. angulosus derived lines
Summer Squash: Thirty-five open-pollinated contrasting genotypes (green, orange, yellow, creamy white) were purified and maintained.
Onion (Long day): Forty advanced breeding lines of long day onion (red, yellow, white) were purified and maintained at ICAR-IARI RS, Katrain.
Temperate flowers: About 50 cultivars and five species of Lilium, 22 species/varieties of Iris, 20 varieties of dahlia, 9 varieties of Alstroemeria, 100 breeding lines of gladiolus, 20 lines of ornamental kale, 15 genotype of Eustoma and other bulbous crops like, torch lily, wattsonia, canna, Amaryllis, crinum, Freesia, wild tulip, tithonia, tuberous begonia, cyclamen, zinger lily, Lycoris, primula, primrose, temperate orchids and some wild ornamentals are being maintained and used for crop improvement programme.