View of EFFECT OF VARIOUS PHYTOHORMONAL CONCENTRATIONS ON NUMBER OF FLOWERS PER PLANT IN TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.)

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Vol. 05,Special Issue 02, (IC-IRSHEM-2020) February 2020, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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EFFECT OF VARIOUS PHYTOHORMONAL CONCENTRATIONS ON NUMBER OF FLOWERS PER PLANT IN TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.)

Surya Prakash Sharma,

Biology Laboratory, GSSS, Jamal, (Sirsa)

Abstract:- Present study reveals effect of various phytohormonal sprays on three varieties of tomato i.e. Arjuna, Pusa Ruby and Local Variety in terms of number of flowers per plant.

For this purpose, fifteen types of concentration treatment along with control were used (IAA, IBA, NAA, GA and Kinetin in 10, 50 and 100ppm respectively). It is found that lower concentrations of NAA (10ppm) and GA(10ppm) were found very suitable for increasing number of flowers per plant in all the varieties under consideration.

Keywords:- IAA- Indole Acetic Acid, IBA- Indole Butyric Acid, NAA- Naphthelene Acetic Acid, GA- Gibberellic Acid, ppm – Parts Per Million

1. INTRODUCTION

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is mainly cultivated for the fruits which are used as vegetable and also eaten raw, beside this it is used in other recipes as well as for medicinal purpose. Human society likes tomato very much because it very much lively in shape, size, attractive color and unique taste. Tomato may be grown several times in a year because of it has day neutral habit and the fresh vegetables can be obtained almost throughout the year.

Hence it can recover the scarcity of vegetables to the greater extent besides this tomato is nutritionally very important.

So far as the nutritive value of tomato is concerned, it is highly nutritive and contains 5.1%Carbohydrates, 3.9% Protein 1% Fats. It supplies 18 calories per 100 gms. It also has vitamins A, B and C in adequate amount. Vitamin E is found in the green tomatoes. Minerals are also available in considerable quantity in tomato. Another substance namely lycopene is also found in tomato, recent researches shows that it has antioxidant quality as well as anti-cancerous. The present paper describes an effort to develop a protocol for increasing number of flowers per plant using various concentrations of plant growth regulators.

2. MATERIAL AND METHODS

Seeds of tomato plants were used to raise nursery of all the three varieties under consideration in the experiment. Randomized Block Design model with sixteen treatments (including control) and four replications were used in the experiment. Analytical grade synthetic hormones were used for this purpose. For Indole Acetic Acid(IAA), Indole Butyric Acid(IBA), Naphthalene Acetic Acid(NAA) and Kinetin(KIN) a small quantity of 1N NaOH was used for complete dissolution. In case of Gibberellic Acid 95% Alcohol was used as solvent and distilled water was added slowly with stirring to make up it till the desired volume.

A stock solution of 1000 ppm. was prepared by dissolving 1 gm pure synthetic hormone in 5 ml of 1N NaOH and distilled water was added to this solution to make up 1000ml. The solution was kept at low temperature and covered with black cloth. The subsequent required strength was obtained by dilution of stock solution with distilled water. Proper care was taken to avoid the contamination of one hormone with another.

Foliage spraying was done 5 times after transplanting of seedlings with the help of compressed hand sprayer at intervals. The plants were completely wetted with hormones solution. The spraying was done at different intervals of 10 days.

All the solutions were used in the fresh form & the solution was prepared on the same day for spraying. Great care was taken to prevent the solution sprayed on adjacent group of plants. Treatments of lower concentrations were first applied, which facilitated to maintain the strength of higher concentrations treatment. Since it was not possible to study all the plants of experimental population at its successive stages of growth, hence ‘Sampling unit system’ was adopted. This system consists of selecting a few representative plants from the whole experimental population for observations, so that the results may be applied to whole population with sufficient accuracy. In order to avoid any personal bias in taking

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal (International Journal) ISSN-2456-1037

Vol. 05,Special Issue 02, (IC-IRSHEM-2020) February 2020, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE representative samples. Four plants were selected in each plot and studied for various characters.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The average numbers of flowers produced by the plants under the different treatments are sketched in the graphical form and further analyzed using excel for ANOVA. It is evident from the data that the lower concentration of the different Phytohormones reveals the greater number of flowers. In the case of lower concentration, it is observed that GA 10 ppm (T10) produced a greater number of flowers over that of all the treatments, 21 more flowers are observed than that of control in all the varieties. In case of 10ppm of Naphthalene acetic acid (T7), 20 more flowers are observed over that of control in Arjuna and Pusa Ruby. In local variety T10 (GA 10ppm) stands at second position and T8 (NAA) seems to be third important hormone. These results are very close to results obtained earlier by Sumiati (1987), Bhosle et al (2002), Mehmood and Bahar (2008).

All the higher concentrations of hormones are less significant than the lower concentrations. Besides this T1 (IAA 10ppm), T4 (IBA 10ppm), T11 (GA 50 ppm), T2 (IAA 50 ppm), T5 (IBA 50 ppm), T9 (NAA 100 ppm), T12 (GA 100 ppm) are also important in producing flowers mare than the control as also shown earlier by Mezzetti et al (2004). T3 (IAA 100ppm), T13 (KIN 10 ppm), T14 (KIN 20 ppm ), T6 (IBA 100 ppm), T15(KIN 50 ppm) shows retarding effects on the number of flowers. It indicates that all the kinetin concentration have suppressing effects on the number of flowers in all the varieties. The post sowing application of hormones increased the number of flowers on the tomato plants as discussed above.

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Figure 1 Lowest No. of Flowers at T15 (Kin 50 ppm) 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author is highly thankful to colleagues Mrs. Vrinda Bansal and Mr. Dharmender for such a research environment.

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Vol. 05,Special Issue 02, (IC-IRSHEM-2020) February 2020, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE REFERENCES

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