Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ)
VOL- X ISSUE- V MAY 2023 PEER REVIEW e-JOURNAL
IMPACT FACTOR 7.367
ISSN 2349-638x
Email id’s:- [email protected] Or [email protected]
Chief Editor: - Pramod P. Tandale (Mob.08999250451) website :- www.aiirjournal.com
Page No.
111
Hkkjrkrhy ckS/n /kEe % lkekftd&jktfd;
bfrgkl mRØkarh iru] iqu%mn; vkf.k ifjoZru
MkW- ykypan fdlu jkeVsds v”kksd eksgjdj egkfo|ky;
vM;kG ft- HkaMkjk-
izLrkouk %&
ckS
/n /kEekps laLFkkid xkSre cq/n gk {kf=; dqGkrhy vlwu dfiyoLrw ;sFkhy “kkD; jktk “kq/nks/ku vkbZ ek;korh ;kapk iq= gks;- R;kpk tUe dfiyoLrw toGp yqafcuh ;sFks b- l- iw- 567 e/;s oS”kk[k ikSf.kZesyk >kyk- R;k fBdk.kh lezkV v”kksdkus mHkkjysyk LraHk rks izlax lkax.;kl vtwugh mHkk vkgs- ckyi.kh R;kaps uko^fl/nkFkZ* vls Bsoys gksrs-
fl/nkFkkZps iwokZ;q’; ,sfgd lq[kkus ifjiw.kZ voLFksr xsys- o;kP;k ,dks.kfolkO;k o’khZ ;”kks/kjk”kh R;kaps yXu
>kys- iq<s R;kl iq= izkIrh >kyh o eqykps uko jkgwy Bso.;kr vkys- uarj jksfg.kh unhP;k iz”ukko:u mnHkoysY;k isp izlaxkuarj fl/nkFkkZus x`gR;kx dsyk- ;kl xkSre cq/nkps ^egkfHkfu’dze.k* (The Great Departure) vls Eg.krkr-
;ksxlk/kuk o vkReDys’k ;k ekxkZpk lkr o’ksZ vuqHko ?ksÅugh R;kP;k eukyk lek/kku ykxsuk- rsOgk rks x;stoG Å:osyk vj.;kr rid dj.;kdfjrk xsyk- rsFks ,dk fiaiGkP;k >kMk[kkyh clyk vlrk R;kyk KkuizkIrh
>kyh- R;kyk Kkukpk cks/k >kyk Eg.kwu ^cq/n* o R;k o`{kkl ^cksf{ko`{k* Eg.kw ykxys- cq/nkyk “kkD;equh fl/nkFkZ o rFkkxr oxSjs ukokusgh vksG[krkr-
KkuizkfIr uarj xkSrkekus vkiY;k rRokapk izpkj izFke lkjukFk toGhy e`xoukr dsyk ;kyk ^/kEepØ izorZu* vls Eg.krkr- ;sFks R;kauk ikap f”k’; feGkys-
;kuarj R;kauh vkiyh rRos vusdkauk lrr iapspkGhl o’ksZ iVowu lkafxryhr- jktk fcachlkj ;kus iztslg R;kaps f”k’;Ro iRdjys- ex/kiklwu ekGoki;Zar xkSre cq/n [kwi
fgaMysr- vkiY;k rRoizlkjklkBh R;kauh izpkjdkaps la?k LFkkiu dsys- gs izpkjd la?k cuowu yksd Hkk’ksr xkSrekP;k rRokapk izpkj d: ykxys- v”kkizdkjs ;”kfLojhR;k ckSs/n /kekZpk ik;k ?kywu xkSre cq/nkus o;kP;k ,saf”kO;k o’khZ dqf’kuxj ;sFks b- l- iwoZ 487 P;k oS”kk[kh ikSf.kesP;k jk=h vkiyk nsg Bsoyk- ;kl ^egkifjfuokZ.k* vls Eg.krkr-
ckS/n /kekZph rRos %
xkSre cq)kus vkiys rRo ^vk;q"; gs nq%[ke;
vkgs-^ ;k ewyHkwr dYiusiklwu ?ksrys- nq%[kkiklwu eqä gks.;kpk ekxZ lkafxryk- R;kr çeq[k pkj rRos vkgsr- R;kauk ^vk;ZlR;s^ Eg.krkr- rh iq<hyçek.ks vkgsr-
1- nq%[k %& tx nq%[ke; vlwu tUe] tjk] jksx]
fujk'kk] e`R;w gs loZ nq%[ke; vkgs-
2- nq%[k leqnk; %& nq%[kkps ewG dkj.k r`".kse/;s lkiMrs- r`".kk o ykylk ;kiklwu nq%[kkph fufeZrh gksrs-
3- nq%[k fujks/k %& yksHk ok r`".kk u"V >kY;kf'kok; nq%[k eqä gksrk ;sr ukgh- ;kdjhrk LokFkZ o r`".kk u"V
>kyh ikfgts-
4- nq%[k leqnk;fujks/k ekxZ %& nq%[k nwj djrk ;srs- nq%[k u"V dj.;kpk ekxZ Eg.kts v"Vkax ekxZ gks;- v"Vkax ekxkZl pkSFks vk;Z lR; ekuys tkrs-
v"Vkax ekxZ %&
vkB xks"Vh ;kr lkafxrysY;k vkgsr- lE;d –
"Vh] lE;d ladYi] lE;d okd] lE;d dekZUr] lE;d vkthfodk] lE;d O;k;ke] lE;d Le`rh o lE;d lekf/k-
;k v"Vkax ekxkZP;k tksMhyk cq)kus 'khy lao/kZu Ogkos ;kdfjrk vkiY;k vuq;k;kauk ekxZn'kZukFkZ ikp uSfrd fu;e ?kkywu fnys- R;kaukp iapf'ky ^vls Eg.krkr- gh ikap rRos iq<hyçek.ks vkgsr-
Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ)
VOL- X ISSUE- V MAY 2023 PEER REVIEW e-JOURNAL
IMPACT FACTOR 7.367
ISSN 2349-638x
Email id’s:- [email protected] Or [email protected]
Chief Editor: - Pramod P. Tandale (Mob.08999250451) website :- www.aiirjournal.com
Page No.
112
1- vfgalk %& çk.;kaph gÙ;k d# u;s-
2- lR; %& [kksVs cksyw u;s] usgeh lR;kus okxkos- 3- vLrs; %& ts vkiys uOgs R;kcíy vfHkyk"kk
ckGxw u;s
4- czEgp;Z %& czEgp;kZps ikyu djkos- O;kfHkpkj d: u;s-
5- vifjxzg %& eknd inkFkkZps lsou d: u;s- xkSre cq)kus- ,danjhr 'khy] lek/kh o çKk ;k rhu xksf"Vauk [kwi çk/kkU; fnysys fnlwu ;srs- ;kp ekxkaZpk voyac dsyk Eg.kts fuokZ.kçr tkrk ;srs- ghp ckS) /kEekph ^f=jRus^ vkgsr-
v'kkçdkjs çkphu dkGh xkSre cq)kus ;K;kx]
deZdkaM] o.kZHksn] tkrhHksn] #<h] ijaijk ;k fo#) caM iqdkjys- cq)kyk osn çek.; rlsp bZ'ojkps vfLrRo ekU;
uOgrs- xkSrekus vkiY;k /keZ çlkjkps dk;Z lqjGhr pkykos Eg.kwu vuq;k;kapk ^ckS) la?k^ LFkkiu dsyk- R;kr çpkjdkauk laU;Lr o`Ùkhus jkgkos ykxs- loZlax ifjR;kx d:u ts çpkj dk;Z djhr R;kauk ^fHk{kw^ Eg.kr o ts çiapkr jkgwu çpkj djhr R;kauk ^mikld^ Eg.k.;kr ;sÅ ykxys-
xkSre cq)kus vkiY;k fou;'khy o çHkkof'ky O;fäeRokus vusd f'k"; fuekZ.k dsysr- lk/kh jkg.kh o 'kq/n vkpkj.kkph f'kdo.kwd vlY;kus vusdkauk R;kapk fopkj ilar iMyk- rs okS) /kekZdMs oGys- rlsp ikyh
;k Hkk"kspk /keZçlkjkdfjrk fLodkj dsY;kus cgqtu lektkl lgt vk—"V djrk vkys- ckS) /kekZpk yodj çlkj gks.;kps ,d çeq[k dkj.k Eg.kts R;k /kekZl feGkysyk mnkj jktkJ; gks;-
lkekftd&jktdh; bfrgklkph mRØkarh %&
oSnhd /kekZrhy tkrh&Hksn] czkEg.kkaps opZLo ;k xks"Bhauk fganq yksd daVkGys gksrs- myV ckS/n /kekZr mPp&fuPp vlk Hksn u djrk lokZuk lekursph] çsekph okx.kwd fnyh tkr vls] R;keqGs lkekU; turspk ikfBack ckS/n /kekZyk Qkj eksBîk çek.kkoj feGkyk- b-l- iwoZ 6 O;k 'krdkP;k vk/kh Hkkjrkr oSnhd /kekZpk tcjnLr çHkko gksrk- R;krgh czkEg.k laL—rhpk ixMk gksrk- xkSre cq/nkus oSnhd /kekZyk R;krhy czkEg.kkaP;k voMacjkyk tkrhP;k [kksVîk vfHkekukyk froz fojks/k dsyk- R;kp cjkscj czkEg.k oxkZyk <ksaxh Bjfoys- QyT;ksfr";kpk migkl d#u ;KkeqGs LoxZ feGrks] unhr Luku dsY;kus iki u"V gksrs ;k va/kJ/nkaoj dBksj çgkj dsys-
v'kkçdkjs rRdkyhu va/kJ/nkafo#/n lkekftd tkx`rh fuekZ.k d#u fl/nkFkZ xkSre egku lektlq/kkjd Bjyk- tUekyk egRo u nsrk R;kus cq/nhyk o pkfj«;kyk egRo fnys- xkSrekP;k ;k Økarhdkjh fopkjkaeqGs lektkr cq/nhoknh] ekuorkoknh fopkjlj.kh eqG /k# ykxyh- R;kpkp ifj.kke Eg.kts iq<hy dkGkr o.kZO;oLFkk f'kfFky gksowu ckS/n /kekZps çkcY; ok<ys- loZ lkekU; tursyk u let.kk&;k oSnhd /kekZP;k tfVyrsrwu xkSrekus ljG lksik eqähpk ekxZ lkafxryk- gk eqähpk uok ekxZ deZdkaM fojghr gksrk- dks.krsgh deZdkaM u djrk] iSlk [kpZ u djrk] iqjksghrkaph enr u ?ksrk] dks.krhgh iqtk&ikB u djrk ftoukps vafre /;s; lk/;
dj.;klkj[ks rRoKku xkSrekus lkafxrys gksrs- R;klkBh Qä la;e lnkpkjkph vko';drk gksrh- v'kkçdkjs xkSre cq/nkus Hkkjrh; tursyk uSfrd vkpj.kkps egRo iVowu fnys vkf.k czkEg.kkaph th lektkr nykyh pkyq gksrh rh laifoyh- ,d çdkjpk ufou oSKkfud n`’Vhdks.k lektkr #tfo.;kpk xkSre cq/nkus ç;Ru dsys vkf.k rks vaeykr lq/nk vkyk-
tSu /kekZçek.ks xkSrekus vkiY;k mins'kkr vfgalsoj Hkj fnyk- çk.;kauk Bkj u dj.ks] ,o<kp vfgalspk vFkZ vfHkçsr uOgrk rj dk;k]okPkk eukus vfgalk vfHkçsr gksrh- ;k rRoKkukOnkjs xkSrekus tursr çk.khek=kacíy Hkqrn;k fuekZ.k dj.;kps eksykps dk;Z dsys- R;keqGs vkiksvkip i'kqcGh ?ks.kk&;k ;K laLFkspk yksi gksÅ ykxyk- oSnhd /kekZrhy vusd =qVh] Å.khok xkSrekus vkiY;k ckS/n /kekZrwu nwj dsysY;k fnlrkr- eq[; Eg.kts xkSrekus fL=&iq#"k] mPp&fuPp] Jhear&xjhc vlk dks.krkgh Hksn u djrk lokZukp vikj d#.ksus vkiY;k toG dsys- ojhy HksnHkko O;FkZ vkgs] vls xkSrekus lkaxwu
;k xks"VhadMs nqyZ{k dsys o lokZuk lekursus okxfoys- R;kauh çkeq[;kus 'kkarhpk o lguf'kyrspk lans'k fnyk- rRdkyhu o iq<hy dkGkrhy jktkaojgh ák f'kdo.kqdhpk çHkko iMyk o R;kauh vkiY;k çtsirh çsekph Hkkouk Bsoyh-
lezkV v'kksd ;kaps mÙke mnkgj.k vkgs]
xkSrekuarj „åå o"kkZuh gksÅu xsysY;k ;k ekS;Z lezkVkus tu dY;k.kkpk ekxZ pks[kkGwu] ikatjiksG] xks&'kkGk] vUu N=s] vkS"k/kky; bR;knhaph fufeZrh dsyh o R;kOnkjs vkiyh ekuokçrh vkf.k çk.;kaçrh Hkqrn;k O;ä dsyh- xkSrekus tkrhHksnkyk Fkkjk u nsrk lokZuk leku ys[kwu lokZukp vkiY;k /kekZr ços'k fnyk- dks.khgh ckS/n /kekZps fuV ikyu d#u eks{k çkIr d# 'kdrks] vls xkSrekps
Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ)
VOL- X ISSUE- V MAY 2023 PEER REVIEW e-JOURNAL
IMPACT FACTOR 7.367
ISSN 2349-638x
Email id’s:- [email protected] Or [email protected]
Chief Editor: - Pramod P. Tandale (Mob.08999250451) website :- www.aiirjournal.com
Page No.
113
çfriknu gksrs- R;keqGs vks?kkusp lektkr ,sD;Hkkouk fuekZ.k gksÅu tl&tlk ckS/n /kekZpk laiq.kZ ns'kkr çlkj gksÅ ykxyk] rl&rlk ,sD; Hkkouspkgh çlkj >kyk- ckS/n fHk{kwauh HkkjrkP;k ckgsjgh ckS/n /kekZpk çlkj dsyk- ák /kekZrhy lR; vfgalk] uSfrd vkpj.k bR;knh rRokapk 'kstkjhy o nqj&nqjP;k ns'kkaoj pkaxykp çHkko iMyk- R;keqGs e/; vkf'k;k] fpu] tkiku] frcsV] E;kuekj]
vkXus; vkf'k;k ;sFks vktgh ckS/n laL—rhpk çlkj
>kysyk fnlrks- ifj.kkeh ;k ns'kkaps Hkkjrk'kh eS=hiw.kZ laca/k fuekZ.k >kys- vktgh vkiY;kayk ;k ns'kkae/;s ckS/n /kekZus vkiyk Blk meVoysyk fnlrks- ;k ns'kkae/;s ckS/n /keZ iksgpyk gksrk] R;keqGs fganq /kekZis{kk ckS/n /kekZpk çlkj fons'kkr >kY;keqGs rks vkt fo'o/keZ ekuyk tkrks-
xkSrekus gs rRoKku la'kks/kukrwu fparu] euu]
fpfdRld vH;kl d#u gs rÙo ekaMys gksrs- R;kaps gs rRoKku vkt txke/;s ckS/n /kEe Eg.kwu çfl/n vkgs- xkSre cq/nkus ckS/n /kekZps ifgys ekxZn'kZu lkjukFk ;sFks dsys- ;sFkwu ckS/n /kekZP;k çlkjkyk lqjokr >kyh- R;kdkGh oSnhd /kekZr çpaM çek.kkr deZdkaM] ozr oSrY;]
;K;kx dj.ks] cGh ns.ks] nku nsus ;kaps çpaM Lrkse ektys gksrs- gs dsY;kf'kok; eks{k ukgh vlk oSnhd /keZ lkaxr gksrk vkf.k gs dj.ks vfuok;Zp vkgs] vlk R;kdkGh xSjlet gksrk- R;klkBh cgqla[; yksda ák deZdkaMkyk =Lr >kys gksrs- R;krwu R;kauk lqVdk goh gksrh] rsOgk ckS/n /keZ deZdkaM fojghr leksj vkyk- tks loZlkekU;kauk letsy] metsy] dGsy vlk gk /keZ gksrk- dks.kR;kgh çdkjps fo/kh] ;K;ksx] deZdkaM] ozroSdY;s ulwu xkSrekus e/;e ekxZ lkafxryk gksrk- R;keqGs cjsp oSnhd /kekZrhy yksda ckS/n /kekZdMs vkd"khZr >kys gksrs- dkj.k xkSrekus ckS/n /kekaZr foKkuoknh –"Vhdksu ekaMyk gksrk- ;k /kekZr dks.kR;kgh çdkjP;k va/kJ/nk] #<h ijaijk] pkyhfjrh vkf.k deZdkaM uOgrs- rj gk /keZ foKkuoknkoj vk/kkjhr gksrk- Eg.kwu M‚- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkauh vusd /keZxzaFkkpk vH;kl d:u 'ksoVh ckS/n /kEekpk fLodkj dsyk- rksp /keZ vkiY;k nfyr cka/kokuk va/kJ/nsrwu ckgsj dk<w 'kdrks vkf.k R;kapk m/nkj d:
'kdrks] R;kauh R;klkBh MkW- ckcklkgcs vkacsMdjkauh 14 vkWDVksacj 1956 yk ckS/n /kEekpk fLodkj dsyk-
xkSre cq/nkus ckS/n /kEekpk ik;k ?kkryk vlyk rjh R;k /kekZpk dGl gks.;kpk eku lezkV v'kksdkyk feGkyk- lezkV v'kksd gk Øqj] jkxhV vkf.k [kq.k[kkj gksrk- ijarq b-l- iwoZ 261 P;k dfyax ;q/nkuarj Þjäikr vkf.k çpaM gkgkdkj ikgqu R;kps eu æohr
>kys vkf.k çsrkaP;k f<xk&;krwu ufou v'kksdkpk tUe
>kyk^^- lezkV v'kksdkyk j.k eSnkukoj mixqIr ;k fHk{kqus ckS/n /kekZph fn{kk fnyh vkf.k lezkV v'kksd rsOgkiklwu ckS/n /kekZpk çlkjd cuyk- R;kus txkyk 'kkarhP;k ekxkZus ftad.;kpk ç;Ru dsyk- R;kauh iq.kZr% *'kL=kpk R;kx d#u ckS/n /kekZr lkaxhrysY;k mins'kkuqlkj vuqdj.k d#
ykxyk- R;kauh ckS/n /kekZP;k çlkjklkBh 84]000 Lrqikaph jpuk d#u ckS/n /kekZph irkdk laiq.kZ txkr fQjfo.;kpk ç;Ru dsyk- R;kauh vkiY;k vuq;k;kauk fpu]
tiku] baMksusf'k;k] czEgns'k] Fkk;yaM] fQMyaM ;k ns'kkr ikBfoys- rlsp Lor%ps nksu eqys la?kfe=k vkf.k egsaæ
;kauk lq/nk Jhyadsr ikBowu ckS/n /kekZpk çlkj dj.;kpk ç;Ru dsyk gksrk- lezkV v'kksdkP;k dkGkr ckS/n /kekZpk fodkl gk loksZPp LFkkukoj gksrk- ,d jktk ;k ukR;kus R;kauh ckS/n /kekZpk çlkj rj dsyk lkscr R;kauh lkekftd lq/kkj.kk lq/nk dsY;k- çk.khek=kaP;k fgalsoj canh ?kkryh- v'kkçdkjs lezkV v'kksdkP;k dkGkr ckS/n /kekZph HkjHkjkV >kyh gksrh-
ckS/n /kekZpk iru %&
lezkV v'kksdkpk oa'kts c`gæFk ;kyk R;kpk lsukirh iq"ife= 'kqaxkus o/k dsY;keqGs ckS/n /kekZP;k irukyk lq#okr >kyh- R;kus ,d ckS/n /kfeZ;kph eku dkiwu vk.k.kk&;k O;ähyk cf{kls tkghj dsyh] R;keqGs vusd ckS/n /kfeZ;kaph gR;k R;kosGh dj.;kr vkyh- R;k dkGke/;s oSnhd /keZ iq<s ;sÅu ckS/n /kekZpk çlkj eankoyk gksrk- rjhgh ukyank] r{kf'kyk] foØef'kyk ;k fo|kfiBkrwu ckS/n /kekZpk çlkj vtqugh pkyq gksrk- R;kosGh xkSre cq/nkP;k e`R;quarj jktx`g] oS'kkyh]
ikVyhiw=] dqaMyou vkf.k dUukst ;sFks ckS/n /keZ ifj"kn gksowu ckS/n /kekZP;k Kkukpk çlkj ák ifj"knkae/kwu gksÅ ykxyk gksrk-
g"kZo/kZukP;k dkGkr dUukst /keZ ifj"kn m/kGwu yko.;klkBh fru gtkj czkEg.kkauh dVdkjLFkku jpys gksrs- ijarq g"kZo/kZukP;k lrdZrsus gh ifj"kn 'kkarrsus ikj iMyh- ;k ifj"knse/;s g;q,uRlaxP;k ftokyk lq/nk /kksdk gksrk- ijarq g"kZo/kZukP;k dBksj fu.kZ;keqGs gh ifj"kn
;'kLoh ikj iMyh- R;kuarj vYykmíhu f[kythus ckS/n /kehZ; fo|kfiBkapk fouk'k dsyk vkf.k ckS/n /kekZoj v'kkçdkjs vusd vk?kkr gksr xsys] rjh ckS/n /kekZus vkiys LFkku txke/;s dk;e fVdowu Bsoys-
vktP;k vk/kqfud ;qxke/;s txkr 'kkarrk ukanok;ph vlsy rj ckS/n /kekZf'kok; i;kZ; ukgh- vkt çR;sd ns'k gk e`R;wP;k Nk;s[kkyh okojr vkgs- v.kqc‚Ec]
Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ)
VOL- X ISSUE- V MAY 2023 PEER REVIEW e-JOURNAL
IMPACT FACTOR 7.367
ISSN 2349-638x
Email id’s:- [email protected] Or [email protected]
Chief Editor: - Pramod P. Tandale (Mob.08999250451) website :- www.aiirjournal.com
Page No.
114
gk;Mªkstu c‚Ec vkf.k U;wV‚u c‚Ec ,o<s çpaM gkuhdkjd c‚Ec vkgsr dh ,dkp c‚Ecus txkpk fouk'k gksÅ 'kdrks] rks fouk'k okpfo.;klkBh xkSre cq/nkus lkafxrysyk vfgalk vkf.k 'kkarhpk ekxZp txkyk rk#
'kdrks-
ckS/n /kEekpk iqu% mn; vkf.k ifjorZu %&
Hkkjrh; fganw lektkrhy pkrqo.;Z O;oLFksrhy dyadhr O;oLFkk Eg.kts tkrhO;oLFkk gks;- ek.klk&ek.klkr fo’kerk fuekZ.k dsY;kf”kok; lkekftd]
vkfFkZd] jktfd; vkf.k lkaLd`rhd lekurk izLFkkfir gksoq
“kdr ukgh- tkr gk “kCn leku ntkZpk ukgh- tkr gk vlkeursoj vk/kkjhr vkgs- oSfnd lkaLd`rh e/;s Li`”;&vLi`”; vlk Hksn fuekZ.k dsyk tkr gksrk- tukojkizek.ks ek.klkyk okxfoys tkr gksrs] R;kauk dqBsgh ik.kh fi.;kpk gDd uOgrk] xkokr f'kj.;kpk lq/nk R;kauk gDd uOgrk] os'khojp R;kau jkgkos ykxs] R;klkBh MkW- vkacsMdjkauh ;kauk ek.klkr vk.k.;kpk vkVksdkV ç;Ru dsyk- rs Eg.kkys] ^^tkGk rs v/;kRe HkkaMoyh ,sdkA pqyhe/;s QsdkA deZ;ksx^^ v'kkçdkjs R;kauh oSnhd /kekZP;k deZ fl/nkarkoj fVdk fVIi.kh dsyh- b-l- 1935 e/;s
;soyk ;k fBdk.kh ?kks"k.kk dsyh dh] ^^eh fganq Eg.kqu tUekyk vkyks rjh fganq Eg.kwu ej.kkj ukgh^^ rsOgkiklwu txkrY;k laiq.kZ /keZ xzaFkkpk 21 o"kZ vH;kl d#u fu"d"kZ dk<yk dh] dks.krk /keZ vkiY;k nyhr cka/kokalkBh ;ksX;
jkghy dh tks /keZ fLodkjY;kus vkiY;k nyhr cka/kokapk yodj fodkl gksbZy- 'ksoVh R;kauh ckS/n /kEekpk fLodkj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- 14 v‚DVkscj 1956 yk yk[kks&djksMks vuq;ka;kleosr ukxiwjyk ckS/n /kEekph fn{kk
?ksryh o fnyh lq/nk- R;kuarj paæiwj ;k fBdk.kh 16 v‚DVkscj 1956 yk vkiY;k yk[kks cka/kokauk ckS/n /kEekph fn{kk fnyh- dkj.k gk /keZ deZdkaM] ozroSdY;s]
iqtkikB] ;K;ksx ;kaP;k tatkGkrqu nyhr cka/kokaph lqVdk d#u R;kapk fodkl djko;kpk gksrk] R;klkBh Qä ,deso /keZ foKkuoknkoj vk/kkjhr vlysyk rks Eg.kts ckS/n /kEe gksrk- R;klkBh R;kauh yk[kks cka/kokauk ckS/n /kEekph fn{kk fnyh- R;k /kEekph çlkj eksBîk çek.kkr Hkkjrke/;s dsyk-
Hkkjrkrhy ckS/n /kEe gk vkf”k;k [kaMkrhy loZ ns”kkr foLrkjhr gksr xsyk- ckS/n /kEe gk oSKkfud n`’Vhdksu tksiklukjk vlwu txkyk “kkarhpk lans”k ns.kkjk vkgs- ckS/n /kEe gk txkrhy vlk ,d /keZ vkgs dh]
laiw.kZ ekuoh lektke/;s lekursph] ca/kqRokph vkf.k
lokZauk leku U;k; ns.kkjh ladYiuk vkgs- Hkkjrkrhy ckS/n /keZ gk txke/;s fodklkP;k ekxkZyk us.kkjk vkgs- ckS/n /kEekph ekuoh fodklkP;k n`’Vhus mi;ksfxrk vR;ar egRoiq.kZ vkgs- ekuokP;k lkekftd] “kS{kf.kd] vkfFkZd]
jktfd; vkf.k laLd`frd fodklk djhrk xkSre cq/nkaus lkaxfrysyh Lokra«;] lerk vkf.k ca/kqrk gh eqY;s fLodkjY;k f”kok; dks.kR;kgh ns”kkpk fodkl gksoq “kdr ukgh R;keqGs ckS/n /kEekps n`’Vhdks.k Hkkjrh; jkT;?kVusps f”kYidkj MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkauh ekuorspk]
lekurspk] Lokra«;kpk lans”k nsoqu Hkkjrke/;s fuekZ.k
>kysyh tkrhO;oLFksrqu tks “kqnz&vfr”kqnzkauk Lor%P;k ik;koj mHks jkg.;kps Lokra«; cgky d:u fnys- ,d uk ,d fnol Hkkjrh; cgqla[;kuh vlysYks vkschlh] ,l-lh]
,l-Vh- vkf.k vYila[;d cgqtukaP;k gkrkr lRrk izkIr gksbZy v”kh euksdkeuk O;Dr d:u vls fo’kn dsys dh]
ns”kkr iljysyh fo’kerkoknh n`’Vhdks.kpk [kRek dsY;kf”kok; loZlekos”kd /kksj.k Lohdk:u cgqtukapk fodkl gks.kkj ukgh- vlk egku lans”k nhysyk vkgs- lanHkZ xzaFklwph %&
1- iznhi “kkfyxzke esJke % fonHkkZrhy cq/n /kEekpk bfrgkl] f”kYik izdk”ku] f=eqrhZ uxj ukxiwj 22- 10 vkWxLV 1993-
2- vkpk;Z /kuat;] „åå‰] çkphu Hkkjrkpk bfrgkl lkbZukFk çdk'ku] ukxiwj-
3- vkacsMdj ckcklkgsc] cq/n vkf.k R;kapk /keZ 4- fdj /kuat;] M‚- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj- 5- gksokG jfouan] /kekZrjkph iUukl o"ksZ
6- ikurko.ks xaxk/kj] nfyr lkfgR; & ppkZ vkf.k fparu
7- oS| lqeu] dksBsdj] Hkkjrkpk bfrgkl] lkbZukFk çdk'ku] ukxiwj
8- M‚- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkaph Hkk"k.ks] lqxr çdk'k] iq.ks-
9- gkaMsdj Mh-ok;-] M‚- vkacsMdjkaps foKku-
