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PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF INDIRA AWAS YOJANA IN CHITRADURGA DISTRICT,
KARNATAKA
Shivanna T
1, Dr. R.N.Kadam
21
Research Scholar Dept. of Studies and Research in Economics, Kuvemp University Shankaraghatta, Dist: Shivamogga, Karnataka (India)
2
Professor, Department of Economics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta Shivamogga District, Karanataka (India)
ABSTRACT
Shelter contributes very much towards the design of cultured human existence. Housing is one of the fundamental necessities for the survival of human beings. Possession of a house provides important economic security and social position for a citizen in the society. The uniqueness and social appreciation are connected with ownership of a house. Stable, reasonable and available housing is directly and indirectly linked to human well-being. Any one can easily judge the socio-economic status of a family by watching physical attributes of their housing. Good housing and its surroundings indicates the higher level of standard of living of the family.
An individual deprived of this essential need faces all negativities of life and lives discriminated and marginalized in the society. Fulfilling the need for rural housing and tackling shortage of housing particularly for the poorest is a vital task to be undertaken as part of the poverty eradication efforts of the government. The attempt in this paper is made to evaluate the functioning of Indira Awas Yojana with special reference to Challakere taluk of Chitrdurga district. The paper contains introduction, Objectives of the study, Indira Awaas Yojana in Challakere, Findings, Conclusion, etc.
Keywords: appreciation, discriminate, existence, shelter, surrounding
I. INTRODUCTION
Shelter contributes very much towards the design of cultured human existence. Housing is one of the fundamental necessities for the survival of human beings. Possession of a house provides important economic security and social position for a citizen in the society. The uniqueness and social appreciation are connected with ownership of a house. Stable, reasonable and available housing is directly and indirectly linked to human well-being. Any one can easily judge the socio-economic status of a family by watching physical attributes of their housing. Good housing and its surroundings indicates the higher level of standard of living of the family.
An individual deprived of this essential need faces all negativities of life and lives discriminated and marginalized in the society.
Out of the estimated 200 million families in India, about 65 to 70 million families do not have ample housing amenities. They are not able to build a house due to shortage of financial resources. Hence, fulfilling the need
338 | P a g e for rural housing and tackling shortage of housing particularly for the poorest is an vital task to be undertaken as part of the poverty eradication efforts of the government.
Indira Awaas Yojana a centrally sponsored scheme of Ministry of Rural Employment, Government of India is one of the important poverty alleviation programmes in the country. It plays an important role in the upliftment of the living standard of poor people in rural India. This scheme is being implemented in all the districts of the state through Rural Development Department, Karnataka on 75:25 cost sharing basis between Centre and State respectively since from January 1996. On 20th November 2016, Indira Awaas Yojana has been renamed as Pradhan Manrti Grameen Awas Yojana. The key objective of the scheme is to provide a financial aid to the members of Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes, freed, bonded labourers and to other non Scheduled Castes/
Scheduled Tribes, rural poor below the poverty line for the construction of their residential units by providing financial assistance.
II. INDIRA AWAAS YOJANA
In 1983 Government of India started the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP). Construction of houses was one of the major activities under the National Rural Employment Programme. There was no even policy for rural housing in all the states. For example, some states permitted only part of the building cost to be borne from NREP/RLEGP funds and the balance was to be met by beneficiaries from their savings or loans obtained by them, some permitted the entire expenditure to be borne from NREP/RLEGP funds and some states allowed construction of only new dwellings, others permitted renovation of existing houses of beneficiaries, as per announcement made by the Government of India in June 1985. A part of the RLEGP was earmarked from the construction of houses for SCs/STs and freed bonded labourers. As a result, Indira Awaas Yojana was launched during 1985-86 as a sub-scheme of RLEGP. Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) therefore, continued as a sub- scheme of Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY). Since its launching in April 1989, 62 percent of the total JRY funds were allocated for implementation of IAY from the year 1993-94. The scope of IAY was extended to cover below the poverty line non scheduled castes/schemed tribes families in the rural areas simultaneously; the allocation of funds for implementing the scheme was raised from 6 percent to 10 percent of the total resources available under JRY at the national level, subject to the condition that, the benefits to non-Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribe poors should not exceed 4 percent of the total JRY allocations. IAY was de-linked from JRY and made an independent scheme with effect from 1st January 1996.
III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of the study are-1. To study the severity of the housing problem in India, Karnataka and Chitradurga district.
2. To evaluate the government programmes relating to the poverty alleviation.
3. To assess the functioning of Indira Awaas Yojana in Chitradurga district.
4. To draw inferences and make necessary suggestions.
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IV. PROFILE OF CHALLAKERE TALUKA THE STUDY AREA
Chitradurga is the eastern district of Karnataka State. It belongs to the central plains group of districts from the mountainous Western portions of the State called Malnad. The total geographical area of the district is 770,702 sq. kms. It is bounded between the north latitude 13°42’ to 15°01’ and East longitude 75°43’ to 77°02’.
Davangere, Chikmagalur, Tumkur, and Bellary districts of Karnataka surround it and most Eastern end adjoining with the district of Andhra Pradesh State. In area Chitradurga occupies 9th largest place among the districts of Karnataka with six talukas namely Chitradurga, Challakere, Hiriyur, Holalkere, Hosadurga and Molakalmur. It has an undulating terrain; its average altitude lies between 542 m-726 m. Altitude increases in the central zone of the district; it decreases as one proceeds towards North-West.
Area and Population of Chitradurga District
Sl.
No Taluk
Area (in sq. kms)
Population (Census) 2001
Total Male Female Rural Urban Densit
y
Percentage growth rate per annum
Sex ratio (per 1000 men)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 Challakere 2063.93 (25) 332718 (21.91)
170337 (21.94)
162381 (21.89)
283651 (22.80)
49067 (17.89)
161 1.9 953
2 Chitradurga 1375.75 (16) 376506 (24.8)
193371 (24.91)
183135 (24.69)
251336 (20.20)
125170 (45.64)
274 1.7 946
3 Hiriyur 1701.4 (20) 264719
(17.43)
135178 (17.4)
129541 (17.46)
215913 (17.36)
48806 (17.79)
156 1.6 957
4 Holalkere 1094.84 (13) 197766 (13.44)
100809 (12.98)
96957 (13) 183192 (14.73)
14574 (5.34)
181 1.0 960
5 Hosadurga 1416.4 (17) 219445
(16.4)
111339 (14.34)
108106 (14.57)
196957 (15.83)
22488 (8.20)
155 0.10 970
6 Molakalmuru 736.49 (9) 126742 (8.34)
65187 (8.39) 61555 (8.29)
112609 (9)
14133 (5.13)
172 2.2 944
Total 8388.78 1517896 776221 741675 1243658 274238 179 1.6 955
Source : Chitradurga District at a Glance, 2008-09, District Statistical Office, Chitradurga
Rural Ashraya housing scheme performance in Chitradurga taluk
Sl.
No.
Name of the local government / organization
Identified house less in 2003-10 Distribution of houses for th3e period of 2009-10
Right beneficiaries of homeless
Total
SC ST Others Total SC ST Others Total SC ST Others
1 Chitradurga 6405 5806 10329 22540 427 349 705 1481 5978 5457 9624 21059
2 Challakere 2326 2714 8122 13162 578 826 1274 2678 1748 1888 6848 10484
3 Hiriyur 7466 2917 13793 24176 322 122 751 1195 7144 275 13042 22981
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4 Molakalmuru 1268 1971 1957 5196 94 468 125 687 1174 1503 1832 4509
5 Holalkere 3163 1277 4921 9361 498 106 608 1212 2665 1171 4313 8149
6 Hosadurga 2573 1283 8441 12297 766 770 236 3882 1807 513 6095 8415
Total 23201 1568 47563 86732 2685 2641 5809 11135 20516 13327 41754 75597
Source : Taluk Panchayat, Chitradurga, Chitradurga District, 2009.
The above table reveals that Chitradurga Rural Ashraya Housing Schemes Report. In that report 86732 identified site less beneficiaries 11135 allotted sites, 75597 balance of housing waiting beneficiaries.
Indira Awaas Yojana in Chitradurga District
Details of Indira Awaas Yojana in Challakere taluk of Chitradurga District (2006-07 to 2015- 16)
Details of Indira Awaas Yojana in Chiradurga District Chitradurga District
Taluks SC ST GM Minority Total No. of
Houses Completed
Total Expenditure On Houses
Challakere 3012 4445 2159 693 10309 743710000
Chitradurga 3041 2697 2208 663 8609 578405000
Hirriyur 2855 1389 2017 758 7019 457115000
Holalkere 2797 1524 2564 264 7149 423540000
Hosadurga 2329 1039 1673 446 5487 349540000
Mollakalmuru 1249 3118 1421 386 6174 391870000
TOtal 15283 14212 12042 3210 44747 2944180000
Source: Chitradurga District at Glance
The above table explains that, the number of SC beneficiaries is more than ST and other category beneficiaries.
The unit cost of house varied between Rs. 25000 and Rs.150,000. The unit cost was Rs. 25000 for the year 2006-07 and 2007-08, increased to Rs. 50,000 in 2011-12 again to Rs.75,000 in 2012-13 and reached Rs.
1,20,000 and Rs. 1,50,000 in 2013-14 and 2015-16 respectively. Total of Rs. 2944180000 has been spent for providing housing facility to the houseless in Chitradurga district during the 10 years period (2006-07 to 2015- 16).
Totally 44747 houses were financed of which 15283 SC, 14212 ST, 12042 GM, 3210 Minority category people were benefited by the Indira Awaas Yojana during the study period.
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V. FINDINGS
1. Indira Awaas Yojana is fruitfully implemented in the Challakere taluk.
2. Total 44747 houses have been allotted to the beneficiaries through the scheme.
3. The number of SC beneficiaries is more than ST, GM and Minority category in Chitradurga district.
4. 14212 ST beneficiaries got benefit from the IAY.
5. 15283 SC beneficiaries got benefit from the IAY.
6. The unit cost varied between Rs. 25000 and Rs.150,000.
7. Rs. 2944180000 has been spent for providing housing facility to the houseless in Chitradurga district during the study period.
VI. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
The Indira Awaas Yojana has been renamed as Pradhan Manrti Grameen Awas Yojana on 20th November 2016.
The main objective of the scheme is to provide a finance aid to the members of scheduled castes/ scheduled tribes freed, bonded labourers and also to other non Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes rural poor below the poverty line for the construction of their dwelling units by providing a lump sum amount as financial assistance.
In Chitradurga district SCs and STs are more benefited and got assistance for having their own house. The unit cost was Rs. 1,50,000 in the year 2015-16 but the cost of construction is high in this view the unit cost amount is to be increased. The coverage of beneficiaries should be increased. Influence, politics, corruption involved in the IAY (PMGAY) should be avoided.
VII. REFERENCES
[1.] Allotment of Indira Awaas Yojana (2011). Press Information Bureau, Government of India.
[2.] Ananda Bose, C.V. (1996). “Rural Housing – A Nirmithi Perspective”, Kurukshetra, May-June 1996, pp.
5-9.
[3.] Bernhard Glaeser (2001). “Housing Sustainable Development and the Rural Poor”, Sage Publications, New Delhi, pp. 9-17.
[4.] Chauhan, S.P. (1997). “Rural Housing improvement in Quality of Life”, Yojana, June 1997, pp. 15-18.
[5.] Debabrata Lahiri (1996). “The Rural Housing Polices and Problems in Rural India”, Kurukshetra, June 1996, pp. 83-96.
[6.] Economic Survey of Karnataka (2013).
[7.] Gopinath Rao, P. (2006). “Rural Development Sustainable Livelihood and Security”, Author Press, New Delhi, pp. 41-48.
[8.] Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Rural Development (2013), Krishi Bhavan New Delhi.
[9.] Hanumantha Rao, C.H. and Hans Linnemann (1999). “Economic Reforms and Poverty Alleviation in India”, Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 7-15.
[10.] Harekrishna Singh (1999). “Rural Housing and Indira Awas Yojana”, Kurukshetra, March 1999, pp. 29- 31.
342 | P a g e [11.] Indira Awaas Yojana (2011). Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, New Delhi.
[12.] Iyengar, R.N. (1196). “Rural Housing : A Discussion”, Kurukshetra, May-June 1996, pp. 10-12.
[13.] Kohli, A.S. and Sharma, S.R. (2008). “Poverty Alleviation and Housing Problems”, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 50-57.
[14.] Krishna, R.R. and Ganeshmurthy, U.S. “Trends and Policy Issues of Housing Finance in India”, Southern Economist, April 1998, pp. 7-10.
[15.] Kumar, Devesh (2010). “Guidelines for Indira Awaas Yojana”. www.google .com.
[16.] Lahiri, S.C. (1996). “Rural Housing – An Overview”, Kurukshetra, May-June 1996, pp. 64-67.
[17.] Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, 30th May 2010, p. 1-5.
