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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104ISSN: 2456-1037 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol.04,Special Issue 02, 13^th Conference (ICOSD) February 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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"SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SOCIAL, SCIENCE, MANAGEMENT, SMART EDUCATION, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES & ADVANCED ENGINEERING

APPLICATIONS IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT"

Dr. Rekha Yadav

Social Science Faculty, Kota (Raj.)

Abstract - The development of any country is almost depends on the advancement in developing the technology in different fields. Sustainable development is an emerging area, because it addresses the sociol economic development of every human being. Human behaviour affects global environmental change in a variety of ways. Social institutions including those of the economy mediate between the natural environment and social and economic outcomes. It follows that we need to be prepared now, to enlist people in alternative, more sustainable development agendas and to use their knowledge.

"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising to ability of future generations to meet their own needs." This work focuses on the key areas of sustainable developments and scientific contributions towards science and technology. Global sustainability defines the conditions under which humans and nature, societies and the biosphere, the world and the Earth can co-exist in ways that enable productive harmony, stability and resilience to support present and future generations. Global sustainability science explores interactions between social and natural systems. The purpose of this paper is to develop a coherent framework of SMART indicators for assessing and monitoring the sustainability of engineering educational process that targets sustainable development of the society. The indicators address the sustainability of the process as well as its impact on the sustainable development of the society. The approach is to find ways to achieve the sustainability goals of the society via a sustainable process by constructing measurable reliable indicators, which combine factors that affect the sustainability of an engineering education process, and those that which represent the impact of engireeing educational process on the sustainable development of the society.

1 INTRODUTION

Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resource use continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development can be classified as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations. The concept of sustainable development has been - and still is - subject to criticism, including the question of what is to be sustained in sustainable development. It has been argued that there is no such thing as a sustainable use of a nonrenewable resource, since any positive rate of exploitation will eventually lead to the exhaustion of earth's finite stock, this perspective renders the Industrial Revoluiton as a whole unsustainable. It has also been argued that the meaning of

the concept has opportunistically been stretched from conservation management to econmic development. Sustainability can be defined as the practice of maintaining processes of productivity indefinitely-natural or human made- by replacing resources of equal or greater value without degrading or endangering natural biotic systems.

2. WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY'S ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Technology transfer means the use of knowledge and when we talk about transfer of the technology, we really mean the transfer of knowledge by way of an agreement between the states or companies. "Transfer" does not mean the movement or delivery, transfer can only happen if technology is used. So, it is application of technology and considered as process by which technology developed for one purpose is used either in different applications or by a new user. The technology what we have utilizing today supports the necessity for human comfortable life zone. The field in improvements is basically takes place on

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2 Medicine, Energy, Agriculture and Resource Management which makes greater impact on the society. Technology can either be developed through own research and development or it can be purchased through indigenous or imported sources.

3. SUSTAINABILITY IN THE AREA OF AGARICULTURE TECHNOLOGY

The notion that agriculture, as a global practice, has been exploiting resources faster than they could be renewed has been a topic of discussion and debate for decades, perhaps centuries. Symptoms of imbalance have been seen in the form of pollution, soil erosion/loss, wildlife population decline/shifts, and general alteration of a "natural" flora/fauna as a result of human intervention. Human population growth will not be constrained as a result of food shortages due to overriding social values. Sustainability in agriculture relates to the capacity of an agroecosystem to predictably maintain production through time. A key concept of sustainability, therefore, is stability under a given set of environmental and economic circumstances that can only be managed on a site specific basis.

Tehnology, in the classical sense, includes the development and use of nutrients, pest control products, crop cultivars, and farm equipment; but it also includes the vision of genetically modified crops providing greater nutritional efficieny (more calories per yield, or more yield), manipulation of natural pest control agents, and use of farm management techniques that focus on whole-farm productivity over time, not just annual production per hectare. The development and use of agricultural technology is not, however, limited to genetic wizardry indeed, the use of computational technology, combined with geographical location devices and remote sensing advancments promise to radically change the way all crops will be managed.

4. THE CONCEPT OF SMART EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

A Green society is an educated society in all of its dimensions. Investing in education is crucial for achieving sustainable development, poverty eradication, equity and inclusiveness.

Education for Sustainable Development

(ESD) is particulary important dimension of quaility education. It providies people at all levels of education, but in particular youth, with the skills, competencies and knowledge needed to impart values indispensable for behavior and practices conducive to sustainable development, and for multicultural and multi-ethnic societies aspiring to democratic citizenship. It is fundamental for preparing young people for green jobs, for adapting to a changing physical environment, and for changing unsustainable consumption and production patterns.

ESD must be strengthened and promoted at all levels and in all educational setting throughout life. This calls for mainstreaming education for

sustainable development

comprehensively into relevant national education policies and practices. It equally calls for developing effective mechanisms to link green growth labour market objectives to educational programmes, particularly through technical and vocational education and training. It entails reforming formal, informal and non-formal education systems so as to prepare young men and women for a green labour market and to retrain the existing workforce.

5. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING APPLICATION

If humans are to achieve sustainable development, we will have to adopt patterms that reflect these natural processes. The roles of engineers in sustainable development cnabe illustrated by a closed-loop human ecosystem that mimics systems. Engineers play a crucial role in creating infrastructure in the world. Engineers are problem solvers who apply their knowledge and experience to building projects that meet human needs, and to cleaning up environmental problems. They work on a wide range of issues and projects and as a result, how engineers work can have a significant impact on progress toward sustainable development. Engineers can play an important role in sustainable development by planning and building project that preserve natural resources, are cost- efficient and support human and natural environments. A closed-loop human ecosystem can be used to illustrate the

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3 many activities of engineers that support sustainable development.

5.1 Resource Development And Extraction

Engineers are involved in developing and extracting natural resources in many different ways:

 Discovering and evaluating deposits of industrial such as sand and gravel

 Planning open-pit and underground mining operations.

 Petroleum engineering and designing offshore oil platforms

 Water reasource planning of all kinds including dams, irrigation systems and wells

 Agricultural engineering in land reclamation, drainage and improved farm operations.

6. CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIETY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development means attaining a balance between environmental protection and human economic development and between the present and future needs. It means equity in development and sectoral actions across space and time. Rivers, Forests, Minerals and such other resources consititute a nation's natural wealth. These resources are not to be frittered away and exhausted by any one generation. Every general owes a duty to all succeeding generations to develop and conserve the natural resources of the nation in the best possible way. It is in the interest of mankind. It is in the interest of the nation. Today society's interaction with nature is so extensive that the environmental question has assumed proportions affecting all humanity.

Industrialisation, urbanisation, explosion of population, overexplanation of resources, depletion of traditional sources of energy and raw materials and the search for new sources of energy and raw materials the disruption of natural ecological balances, the detruction of a multitude of animal and plant species for economic reason and sometimes for no good reason at all are factors which have contributed to environmental deterioration. Sustainable development is achieved through optimizing from several variabies, rather than maximizing those from a single one. The richness of skills

available in society must be harnessed through partnerships involving institutions in civil society, such as NGOs, corporate (including private) bodies, academic and research institutions, trade unions etc., which must be made an integral part planning and implementation for sustainable developmet. NGOs and other civil society groups are not only stakeholders in governance, but also a driving force behind greater international cooperation through the active mobilization of public support for international agreements.

7 CONCLUSION

This is a critical moment in earth's history, a time when humanity must choose its future. Our planet earth is perhaps the only human habitat in the vast universe and we owe it to posterity to preserve the divine heritage of our biosphere without pollution, degradation and destruction. The long term perspective for sustainable development requires the broad-based participation of various stakeholders in policy formulation, decision-making and implementation at all levels.

The development of the modern world has been doimated by science, engineering and technology and the role of the engineer is linked closely to the needs of society. Unfortunately engineers are eiher public relations shy or poor communicators of their success. As famous scientists tend to develop medicines, they appear to be viewed by society in a more philanthropic light.

The 21st century will be defined by some of the huge challenges now facing humanity. Among these are energy and food security, competition and scarcity of natural resources, and climate change.

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