ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN No. 2456-1037, IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98, (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol. 05, Issue 03, March 2020, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
1
jktLFkku esa 'kjkccanh vkSj efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk euh"kk daoj
,e-,- ¼jktuhfr foKku foHkkx½] xq: ukud dU;k egkfo|ky;]
eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k fo'ofo|ky;k] mn;iqj] ¼jkt-½
lkj la{ksi%& vk/kqfud lH;rk ds fy, 'kjkc dh leL;k us ,d xaHkhj [krjk iSnk dj fn;k gSA Hkkjr tSls fu/kZu ns'k ds fy, 'kjkc tSlh egaxh vkSj LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd oLrq gSA bl gsrq ljdkj }kjk 'kjkc canh ij Bksl dne mBk;s x;s FksA ftuesa lkoZtfud LFkkuksa] gksVkyksa] Nk=koklksa] Lokxr dsanzksa] esa lqjkiku ij izfrcU/k yxk fn;k gSA blh ds lkFk HkhM+&HkkM+ okys LFkku] O;fDr;ksa o tuladqy LFkku tgk¡ fu/kZu yksx fuokl djrs gSaA ogk¡ 'kjkc dh fcØh ij jksd yxk nh x;hA jktLFkku 'kjkccanh djus okyk izFke jkT; ugha gSA jktLFkku ds igys Hkkjr esa vusd izns'kksa esa 'kjkccanh dh eqfge pyk;h tk pqdh gSA blesa efgykvksa dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA bl izLrqr ys[k esa efgykvksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkj] ikfjokfjd vkfFkZd eanh] vf'k{kk] Hkq[kejh bR;knh leL;kvksa dk dkj.k 'kjkc dks Hkh cryk;k x;k gSA lkFk gh laiw.kZ leL;kvksa ls fuiVus dk ekxZ 'kjkccanh gh gSA jktLFkku esa efgykvksa }kjk ykecan gksdj 'kjkc ds nq"izHkkoksa ls fuiVus dk vfHk;ku pykuk vkSj mlesa laiq.kZ jktLFkku esa lfEefyr gksus dk fooj.k Hkh bl ys[k dh fo'ks"krk gSA
dqath 'kCn%& 'kjkcanh] efgyk,¡] jktLFkku] vR;kpkj vkSj u'kk eqfDrA izLrkouk
ljdkj }kjk 'kjkccanh djus ls nqfu;k dks ,d lkekftd ifjorZu dk u;k lans'k fn;k gS vkSj egkRek xk¡/kh ds nwljs lcls cM+s lius dks lkdkj fd;k gS D;ksafd vfgalkoknh jk"Vª&firk egkRek xk¡/kh dh tUeHkwfe okyk jkT; xqtjkr esa 'kjkccanh 1960 esa gh tk pwdh FkhA blds vykok dsjy] egkjk"Vª]
vksfM+'kk] fcgkj] e/;izns'k] vk¡/kzinzs'k] rfeyukMq]
fetksje vkSj gfj;k.k vkfn jkT;ksa esa Hkh 'kjkccanh gsrq ljdkj vkSj turk }kjk vPNs iz;kl fd, x, gSa]
ijUrq dqN jkT;ksa esa ;g iz;kl dqN le; i'pkr~
foQy gks x, ;k vU; jkT;ksa esa foQy jkT;ksa ds dkj.k ykxq gh ugha dh xbZA
dsjy ds 'kjkccanh ds QSlys dks loksZPp U;k;ky; esa ys tk;k x;k ijUrq U;k;ky; us 'kjkccanh ds jkT; ljdkj ds QSlys esa Qsj&cny dj dsoy ik¡p flrkjk gksVyksa esa 'kjkc ds lsou dh btktr nsrs gq, lEiw.kZ dsjy esa bldh canh ds QSlys dks dk;e j[kkA
egkjk"Vª esa Hkh 'kjkccanh dk vkg~oku rhu ftyksa ls fd;k x;kA egkjk"Vª dh dsfcusV us ;g vge QSlyk fy;k fd fonHkZ ds o/kkZ] x<+fpjksyh vkSj paMiqj ftyksa ds fy, ;g dkuwu ykxq gksxkA egkjk"Vª us bl QSlys ls xqtjkr dks iNkM+ fn;kA D;ksafd xqtjkr esa ijfeV izkIr O;fDr 'kjkc [kjhn ldrs gSaA vkSj mldk lsou Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
vksfM'kk dk 'kjkc ds mi;ksx vkSj fuekZ.k dk vokLrfod djkj Hkh izeq[k gSA e/; izns'k esa Hkh eq[ea=h f'kojkt flag pkSgku us 'kjkccanh dks ysdj ubZ nwdkuksa ds ugha [kqyus vkSj 'kjkc dkj[kkuksa dks c<+kok u nsus dh ckr dhA fnYyh ds mi eq[;ea=h euh"k fllksfn;k iwoZ esa gh dg pqds fnYyh ljdkj 'kjkccanh ij fdlh Hkh rjhds dk dksbZ fopkj ugha dj jghA
gfj;k.kk esa 'kjkccanh ds 21 eghuksa esa gh foQyrk dk ifj.kke feyus yxk ftlesa 'kjkc dh voS/k rLdjh dk HkaMk QkSM+ gqvkA blh QyLo:i 60
yksaxksa dh e`R;q dk dkj.k tgjhyh 'kjkc lkfcr gqbZA fcgkj esa Hkh vizSy 2016 esa iw.kZ 'kjkccanh dh xbZ ijUrq iVuk mPp U;k;ky; us 'kjkc ihus dks ekSfyd vf/kdkj crkrs gq, ljdkj ds iz;kl dks foQy dj fn;kA bl eqn~ns dks ckn esa loksZPp U;k;ky; esa Hkh ys tk;k x;k ijUrq loksZPp U;k;ky; us Hkh iVuk mPp U;k;ky; ds QSlys dks jn~~n djrs gq, fcgkj ljdkj ds 'kjkccanh ds iz;kl dks dk;e j[kkA
'kjkccanh okys jkT;ksa esa 'kjkccanh dh foQyrk ds dkj.kksa esa 'kjkc dh rLdhj izeq[k gSA ftu jkT;ksa esa 'kjkc dks dkuwu cukdj can fd;k x;k] mu jkT;ksa esa 'kjkc dks xSj dkuwuh <ax ls rLdhj }kjk miyC/k djkdj blds O;kikj vkSj mi;ksx dks dk;e j[kk x;kA
gfj;k.kk tSls jkT;ksa esa efgykvksa }kjk 'kjkccanh dh igy dh xbZ ijUrq ckn esa efgykvksa }kjk gh bls gVok;k x;kA 'kjkc ij izfrca/k yxkuk ljdkjksa dks dkQh gn rd eg¡xk Hkh lkfcr gqvk gS D;ksafd lekt dk ,d cgqr cM+k rcdk vkt ds vk/kqfud ;qx esa 'kjkc dks viuh vknr vkSj t:jr cuk pqdk gSA
'kjkccanh esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk % jktLFkku ds lUnHkZ esa
efgykvksa }kjk 'kjkccanh dh igy efgyvksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa] ikfjokfjd vkfFkZd eanh vkSj larkuksa ds [kjkc Hkkfo"; dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, dh xbZA 'kjkccanh dk eq[; mn~ns'; vPNs Hkfo"; dh pkg j[kuk gSA jktLFkku izns'k esa efgykvksa }kjk 'kjkccanh dh ekax loZizFke jktleUn ftys ds dkNcyh xzke iapk;r ls dh xbZA
dkNcyh esa 'kjkccanh dks ysdj usr`Ro ljiap xhrk nsoh }kjk fd;k x;kA dkNcyh xzke iapk;r esa xhrk nsoh ds ekxZn'kZu esa 'kjkccanh dks ysdj 29 Qjopjh 2016 dks ernku Hkh djok;k x;k]
ftlesa 49 izfr'kr ernkrk 'kjkccanyh ds leFkZu esa
ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN No. 2456-1037, IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98, (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol. 05, Issue 03, March 2020, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
2
FksA dkuwuh izfØ;kvksa ds ikyu u fd, tkus ds dkj.k bl ernku izfØ;k dks jn~n dj fn;k x;kA
dkNcyh esa 'kjkccanh dks dkuwuh :i iznku djus ds fy, ernku djkus gsrq fu;eksa dh ikyuk vR;ko';d lkfcr gqbZA bl ckr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ^^jktLFkku ,dlkbt vf/kfu;e] 1975** ds fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ij ernku djk;k x;kA ernku ^jktLFkku mRikn 'kqYd* fu;eksa ds rgr fd;k x;kA bl fu;e ds vUrxZr jktLFkku dh fdlh Hkh xzke iapk;r dks 'kjkc dh nwdku can djkus dk dkuwuh vf/kdkj izkIr gSA blds fy, fuokfl;ksa dk 50 izfr'kr er 'kjkccanh ds i{k esa gksuk vfuok;Z gSA
efgykvksa }kjk bl tfVy nkSj ls xqtjrs gq, vius eq[; mÌs'; dks izkIr djuk fdruk vkuUne;h izrhr gksrk gSA ijUrq efgykvksa dks ihNs ls vusd lkekftd dk;ZØrkZvksa vkSj tu usrkvksa us leFkZu fn;kA vusd nyksa ds {ks=h; usrk Hkh lfEefyr FksA
efgykvksa ds bl leFkZu dk;Z us efgykvksa dks Hkfo"; esa vo'; ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ftldk ifj.kke vizR;{k :i ls f'k{kk] jkstxkj] xjheke;h thou] fodkl bR;kfn ds :i esa izkIr gksxkA fu"d"kZ
ljdkjksa }kjk efgykvksa l'kfDrdj.k ds vusdksa iz;kl fd;s tkrs jgs gSaA efgykvksa ds f'k{kk esa lq/kkj dks Hkh bldk ifj.kke ekuk tkrk gSA ijUrq efgykvksa }kjk 'kjkccanh ls djus ls efgykvksa dks ?kjsyq fgalk tSlh leL;kvksa ls fuiVdj vPNk thou thus dk ekxZ izkIr gksxkA 'kjkccUnh dsoy orZeku ih<+h ds fy, ugha vfirq vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa dks Hkh vusd ykHk eqgS;k djk,xhA
lanHkZ lwph%&
1. Bhargava & Bhaskar (1992) Women in Grassroots democracy a study of Kerala, University of Kerala, ICSSR, New Delhi.
2. Panda Snehalata (1999), Emerging Pattern of Leadership among Rural Women in Orissa, Indian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 42.
3. https://m.patrika.com>tag>shrabbandi.
4. https://khabar.ndtv.com.
5. https://www.essaysinhindi.com>essays>'kj kccanh
6. evirtualguru.com>hindi-essay-shrabbandi.
7. https://hindi.yourstory.com>read- shrabbandi.
