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Wireless residential lighting control and Home security for real time application
1P Shubha, 2Amulya S, 3Lavanya P, 4Vanditha C Rao
1Assistant Professor, Department of IT, Dr Ambedkar Institute of Technology
2,3,4
Student, Department of IT, Dr Ambedkar Institute of Technology
Email: 1[email protected], 2[email protected], 3[email protected], 4[email protected] Abstract: In the current global scenario, remote lighting
control is one of the challenges in residential buildings.
Using GSM modem and RF communication for controlling lights through mobile phone and remote control respectively, and inclusion of motion sensors to the wireless lighting control network enables intelligent lighting solutions unleashing great benefits in energy consumption.
Home security system becomes the best solution to overcome home intrusion problems. Thus an effective home security system at low cost is needed where user can control the security system irrespective of his location. This paper focuses on developing a Wireless Residential Distributed Lighting Control System and a reliable home security system for real time applications
Keywords: RF, PIR sensor, GSM
I. INTRODUCTION
The project is proposed by implementing the use of wireless communication device configured to relay on both data and command encoded signals through the wireless network of communication devices. Adding motion sensors to the wireless lighting control network enables truly intelligent lighting solutions unleashing great benefits in energy consumption and user experience. Motion sensors can be used to switch lights on/off in pathways. Wireless technology enables controlling of lights irrespective of their position and wiring.
Lighting control
Lighting control systems have become increasingly complex in both wiring and design. Light, both natural and artificial, is an essential element in every home. At the most basic level, energy savings can be derived from a simple scheduled control strategy. Scheduling provides for automatic on/off or dims lights at specified times of the day. Scheduling can be customized to include all lights in a building or within specific zone, such as a hallway.[1]
Motion sensors detect when the room is occupied or vacant to turn lights on or off accordingly[2]. They begin saving energy immediately by ensuring lighting remains off when areas are vacant.
Home Security
Security is the degree of protection against danger, damage, loss or any criminal activity. Security is defined as a condition so that one can develop and progress freely. An important aspect of security includes Home Security. Home security has been a concern of worldwide. It is very important, because we know that crime is increasing day by day and people have less time to spend at their houses. Moreover, there are many other reasons why people need security at their homes[3]. The first reason that this system is established is to create a peace of mind for people so that they can feel safe inside or outside their homes. This will help them to execute their work without any fear of their security. As the technology is emerging every second, abundant home based security systems have been developed and implemented. Home security system is an essential mean of protecting our home from illegal invasion. This security system tool is developed to enhance the security features of our home. With the presence of this tool, the crime rate that is rising year by year is hoped to be reduced.[4]
1.1 Principles 1.1.1 Automation
The target is to create solution that enables sustainable and safe energy production with lower emissions, as well as improved operational, energy and materials efficiency in residential processes. This system helps to create solutions and services that make the user’s process more efficient, reliable, flexible and economical.
1.1.2 Wireless technology
The wireless technology is used in remote control to issue commands from a distance to the lighting system.
The main advantage of wireless lighting control is the cost reduction that comes from not having to put in any cabling associated with the control of the lights.
Wireless systems often use battery-powered transmitters which are easier to install. A wireless system can be moved to a new home easily, an advantage for those who rent or who move frequently.
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1.1.3 Motion Sensor
The motion sensor detects the movement of the people and gives the appropriate output according to the circuit.
PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor is used to detect the motion. This sensor is different from other motion sensors which produce beam of infrared light. PIR sensors "see" the infrared energy emitted by an intruder's body heat. When an intruder walks into the field of view of the detector, the sensor detects a sharp increase in infrared energy. There will always be gradual fluctuation of heat energy in an area, so PIR detectors are designed to trigger the alarm only when infrared energy levels change very rapidly. PIR sensor lights are ideal additions to any home security system.
1.1.4 GSM technology
GSM is a TDMA based wireless network technology developed in Europe that is used throughout most of the world. GSM phones make use of a SIM card to identify the user’s account. The use of the SIM card allows GSM network users to quickly move their phone number from one GSM phone to another by simply moving the SIM card. Currently GSM networks operate on the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800, and 1900 frequency bands. Devices that support all four bands are called quad-band, with those that support 3 or 2 bands called tri-band and dual-band, respectively. 3G GSM modem is used to control lighting system and home security system through mobile phone.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed solution for lighting control and Home security is as shown in the figure above. RF transmitter and receiver is used in remote control to send the data to residential lighting system to control light such as switching lights ON, OFF or Intensity level. The remote control is used so that a user interface includes input selection element accessible to the user. The user may access these elements from a surface of the hand-held housing. The wireless data interface is located within the hand-held housing and coupled to the antenna. The wireless data interface communicated using a wireless data protocol to a residential gateway lighting system.
The processing unit controls and coordinates the display device and wireless data communication. The lighting control system has an intelligent sensory network that detects the movement of people inside the premise.
The remote control communicates with the residential lighting system through wireless data link to control various lights. With this system more than one light can be controlled from a remote controller. The residential lighting system receives input from remote control and implements it through various interfaces to control various lights. The motion sensors are also included in the system for controlling lights depending on movement and also for Home Security.
Hence the proposal is to bring the key differentiation in the existing lighting control system, first, to bring the location awareness concept within a building so that user can control the light by either switching on/off or
dimming of group of lights belonging to a zone within the residential building. Second, by bringing the seamless connectivity having wireless control units when the person is inside as well as outside the building and connectivity through the mobile handheld device using the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) modem.
Figure 2.1: Functional Block Diagram
III. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
The main building block of the Wireless Residential Distributed Lighting Control and Home Security system (shown in figure 3.1) is the power supply to provide required power to all the components in the system.
Figure 3.1: Wireless Residential Distributed Lighting Control and Home Security System
The RF transmitter is used in remote control to send the data to residential lighting system to control light such as switching lights ON, OFF or intensity level. The intensity is varied using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Technique. Here, the intensity levels are 100 % (ON), 60% (Intensity level 1) and 30% (Intensity level 2). The RF receiver is located within the house and is interfaced with microcontroller through Port 0 (P0.4, P0.5, P0.6 and P0.7 for four channels of RF receiver).
The four LED lights with limiting resistor to be controlled are connected to Port 2 (P2.3, P2.4, P2.5 and
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P2.6). PIR motion sensor for lighting control is used to automatically turn on/off the light in the region of its operation. During day-time even if there is a motion in the region of operation of PIR motion sensor, the sensor should not switch on the light.
For this purpose LDR is used along with the comparator.
One of the input to the comparator is the reference voltage with which the LDR output voltage is compared.
The reference voltage can be varied using potentiometer.
If the LDR output voltage is more than the predefined reference voltage then the output of the comparator will be 0. The comparator output is interfaced to microcontroller through port 3 (P3.4) which is programmed in such a way that when the output of comparator is 0 and if there is a motion in the field of operation of PIR sensor then, the sensor will cause the light to turn ON. The PIR motion sensor for home security is interfaced to microcontroller through P3.2.
The home security system can be activated or deactivated through remote control. The microcontroller is programmed in such a way that when the home security system is activated and if there is a motion in the field of operation of the PIR motion sensor then the microcontroller causes the buzzer to alarm. The buzzer is driven by the combination of transistor and resistor which acts as the buzzer driver which is connected to P2.7. If there is fault indication the buzzer will beep.
The GSM modem allows the user to control lights and home security system from anywhere. The voltage level of GSM and microcontroller is not compatible hence MAX232 is used to convert CMOS voltage level of GSM to TTL level of microcontroller and vice versa.
The GSM modem is interfaced with microcontroller through Port 3 (P3.0 and P3.1).
The GSM modem is password protected for security reasons. The LCD display is used for user reference to see if the commands send through remote control and GSM modem is executed or not. If the user is not at home and the Home security is activated then the user can deactivate the home security system through SMS. It is also possible to control group of lights through remote control and GSM modem and Intensity of group of lights through remote control. The various commands to control lights and Home security is as shown in table 3.1.
Keys Command Action performed
Remote control Mobile phone
A Lon. Individual Light on
A Loff. Individual Light off
B - Individual Light
Intensity Level 1
C - Individual Light
Intensity Level 2
D Act Activate Home
Security
D Deact. Deactivate the
Home security
AB Gon. Group Light on
AB Goff. Group Light off
AC - Group Light
Intensity Level 1
AD - Group Light
Intensity Level 2
BC Off. Buzzer off
- Start. Password to start
GSM Table 3.1: Various commands to control light and
IV. RESULT
Wireless control offers many benefits over wired control, like system flexibility and ease of installation.
Reduced wiring translates directly into reduced installation costs. The ease of installation and no new wire requirement make wireless technology a cost effective solution for retrofits of nearly all types of buildings. Also, the SMS based control for lights is easy to implement, to control ON/OFF/Intensity of the lights remotely. In simple automation system where the internet facilities and even PC are not provided, one can use mobile phone based control system which is simple and cost-effective.
Nowadays people are getting more and more concerned about how to protect themselves and their houses from emergencies. This device provides a means for being able to securely monitor home by use of sensors integrated with microcontroller and a GSM unit. Several testing has been performed to ensure its execution and produce the intended result. SMS provides an economical and convenient way to alert users of a possible intrusion into the property. The use of mobile handsets as a client device to receive warning messages implies that the user will not have to carry an additional piece of equipment as most people already have a mobile phone with them most of the time. For security reason, the system is protected with a user defined password. The system then replies a message to user mobile phone reporting the status of the devices (turned ON or turned OFF). The status message is to remind the user regarding the current state of the home. By using this system the security services like police of a nearby region also be informed about the intrusion instantly and they can take steps rapidly. So this system is safe and cost effective as well.
V. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Integration to the other home equipments
Implementing a standard lighting control protocol within this system and the system can be extended to commercial buildings
Security in Hospitals and other public buildings
Wireless repeaters can be used for multi-storey buildings
System can provide better performance by intelligently sending notification upon power failure
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Option for the user to control the light through web-based system
VI. CONCLUSION
The novelty of the proposed system helps in bringing location awareness to control a group of lights in residential lighting. The prototype was successfully developed and met the stated objectives. The integration of software and hardware has performed a good task in producing the remote control system and SMS system.
In addition, the system is very practical when the user is away from home as it can control the lighting and security system remotely as long as the mobile phone gets the wider coverage. Inclusion of motion sensor is an added advantage which improves the power efficiency.
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