State of Nursing Science in Finland
6.5 Conclusions
80
6.4.2 Research Funding: A Prerequisite for Research
National research funding sources for nursing research is limited. In Finland, two foundations or associations target their grants to nursing science, namely, the Foundation of Nursing Education and the Finnish Association of Nursing Research.
In addition, nursing research is supported by state research funding coordinated by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. The state research funding is allocated on general level to research promoting health and wellbeing conducted within the health service system [44], and the areas of funding are published by the Ministry.
Nurse researchers in many health districts have been successful in receiving funding from the State Research Funding, indicating the relevance of nursing research for the development of the organization of health care. Currently, the Academy of Finland funds several research projects led by senior or post-doc nursing science researchers. The number of grants and the amount of funding awarded by the Academy of Finland for nursing science have increased notably compared to the evaluation conducted in 2003 [21]. Moreover, nursing researchers have been suc- cessful in obtaining grants from several national foundations which provide finan- cial support for nursing research, such as the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Finnish Work Environment Fund and the Foundation for Municipal Development sr.
International research funding comes predominantly from the European Union.
The Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme has provided funding for Finnish nursing research. Moreover, interdisciplinary research networks and mobil- ity grants have been obtained from other funding instruments of the European Commission, like Erasmus Plus. However, despite these funding opportunities, nurse researchers need to take part in strong competition with other more traditional disciplines often making it challenging for them to receive funding. The fact remains that nursing research needs more funding to support the further development of nursing science in Finland.
science needs to have a strong scientific base of its own. Moreover, the importance of collaboration with health and social care organizations is strongly needed to support fluent implementation of research in clinical practice of health care.
References
1. Lauri S. The history of nursing research in Finland. Int J Nurs Stud. 1990;27:169–73.
2. Lukana A. Sairaanhoitajien koulutussäätiö 1990–2014. Toiminnan muutoksesta uuteen aika- kauteen; 2014. https://www.shks.fi/toiminta-verksamhet/. Accessed 25 Mar 2018.
3. Sinkkonen S, Paunonen M, Moisander M-L. Sairaanhoidon vuosikirja: The yearbook of nurs- ing. Helsinki: Sairaanhoitajien koulutussäätiö; 1988. [in Finnish].
4. Primary Health Care Act 66/1972. 2018. www.finlex.fi. Accessed 29 May 2018.
5. Ministry of Education and Culture. Higher education; 2018. http://minedu.fi/en/higher-educa- tion-and-degrees. Accessed 29 May 2018.
6. Åbo Akademi. Tyngdpunkter i forskning; 2018. https://www.abo.fi/amnen/vardvetenskap/.
Accessed 12 Mar 2018.
7. Sainio J, Carver E, Kangas T. Eväitä hyvän työuran rakentamiseen. Aarresaari-verkoston mais- teriuraseuranta 2016. 2017. https://www.aarresaari.net/download/71/evaita_hyvan_tyouran_
rakentamiseen_maisteriuraseuranta_2016/pdf. Accessed 29 May 2018. [in Finnish].
8. Meleis AI. Theoretical nursing: development and progress. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1997.
9. Niiniluoto I. Tiede, filosofia ja maailmankatsomus. Helsinki: Otava; 1984.
10. Lahtinen E, Leino-Kilpi H, Salminen L. Nursing education in the European higher education area—variations in implementation. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34:1040–9.
11. Sinkkonen S, Taskinen H. Hoitotyön johtamisen juuria etsimässä. Hoitotiede. 2016;28:62–77.
[English abstract].
12. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Management and organisation; 2018. http://stm.fi/en/
management-and-organisation. Accessed 29 May 2018.
13. Health Consumer Powerhouse. Euro health consumer index; 2017. https://healthpowerhouse.
com/media/EHCI-2017/EHCI-2017-report.pdf. Accessed 29 May 2018.
14. VSSHP. Hoitotieteellinen tutkimusohjelma vuosille 2016–2018; 2016. http://www.vsshp.fi/fi/
tutkijoille/tiede-ja-tutkimusstrategia/Documents/Hoitotieteellinen%20tutkimusohjelma.pdf.
Accessed 29 May 2018. [in Finnish].
15. KYS. Hoito- ja terveystieteellinen tutkimus; 2018. https://www.psshp.fi/ammattilaiset/hoito- tyo/hoito-ja-terveystieteellinen-tutkimus. Accessed 29 May 2018. [in Finnish].
16. Hoitotyön tutkimussäätiö HOTUS & Suomen sairaanhoitajaliitto. Toteutuuko näyttöön perustuva toiminta Suomessa? Raportti nykytilasta hoitotyön edustajien kuvaamana; 2018.
https://sairaanhoitajat.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/npt_raportti-_digi.pdf. Accessed 4 June 2018.
17. Kristensen N, Nymann C, Konradsen H. Implementing research results in clinical practice- the experiences of healthcare professionals. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16:48. https://doi.
org/10.1186/s12913-016-1292-y.
18. Nursing Research Foundation. About Hotus; 2018. http://www.hotus.fi/hotus-en. Accessed 29 May 2018.
19. Health Care Act 1326/2010. 2018. www.finlex.fi. Accessed 29 May 2018.
20. Heikkilä A, Hupli M, Katajisto J, Leino-Kilpi H. Finnish graduating nursing students’ research utilization competence. J Nurs Educ Pract. 2018;8:119–27.
21. Academy of Finland. Nursing and caring sciences. Evaluation report. Publications of the Academy of Finland 12/2003. Painopörssi Oy, Helsinki; 2003.
22. Liikanen A, Tirronen J, Keinänen R, Sagulin M, Simonaho S-P, Taskinen H, Mönkkönen J, editors. International evaluation of research activities at the University of Eastern Finland 2010–2012. 2014. http://epublications.uef.fi/pub/urn_isbn_978-952-61-1348-7/urn_isbn_978- 952-61-1348-7.pdf. Accessed 29 May 2018.
82
23. University of Turku. Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of medicine. RAE 2015 of the University of Turku, Peer-evaluation report; 2015. https://www.utu.fi/fi/Tutkimus/tutkimuk- sen-kokonaisarviointi/arviointiaineisto/vertaisarviointi/Documents/med/department_of_nurs- ing_science.pdf. Accessed 29 May 2018.
24. QS World University Rankings. Nursing; 2018. https://www.topuniversities.com/university- rankings/university-subject-rankings/2018/nursing. Accessed 29 May 2018.
25. ARWU World University Rankings. ShanghaiRanking’s global ranking of academic subjects 2017—nursing; 2017. http://www.shanghairanking.com/shanghairanking-subject-rankings/
nursing.html. Accessed 29 May 2018.
26. Stolt M, Tuomi J, Salminen L, Suhonen R, Koskinen S, Vierula J, Leino-Kilpi H. Suomalaisen hoitotieteen kolme ensimmäistä vuosikymmentä—analyysi väitöskirjojen tiivistelmistä vuo- sina 1984–2015. Hoitotiede. 2018;30:3–14. [English abstract].
27. Vipunen. Education Statistics Finland. University Education; 2018. https://vipunen.fi/en-gb/
university-education. Accessed 29 May 2018.
28. Häggman-Laitila A, Romppanen J. Outcomes of interventions for nurse leaders’ well-being at work: a quantitative systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74:34–44.
29. Lehtonen MR, Roos M, Kantanen K, Suominen T. International nursing: nurse managers’
leadership and management competencies assessed by nursing personnel in a Finnish Hospital.
Nurs Adm Q. 2018;42:164–74.
30. Liukka M, Hupli M, Turunen H. How transformational leadership appears in action with adverse events? A study for Finnish nurse manager. J Nurs Manag. 2017; https://doi.
org/10.1111/jonm.12592.
31. UEF. Research; 2018. http://www.uef.fi/en/web/hoitotiede/research. Accessed 29 May 2018.
32. University of Oulu. Research; 2017. http://www.oulu.fi/healthsciences/node/46470. Accessed 29 May 2018.
33. University of Tampere. Nursing science; 2015. http://www.uta.fi/hes/en/research/Research_
groups/NursingScience.html. Accessed 29 May 2018.
34. University of Turku. Research programmes; 2018. http://www.utu.fi/en/units/med/units/hoito- tiede/research/projects/Pages/home.aspx. Accessed 29 May 2018.
35. Suominen T, Leino-Kilpi H. Review of Finnish nursing research from 1958 to 1995. Scand J Caring Sci. 1998;12:57–62.
36. Vierula J, Stolt M, Salminen L, Leino-Kilpi H, Tuomi J. Nursing education research in Finland—a review of doctoral dissertations. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;37:145–54.
37. University of Turku. Competence of health care educators; 2018. http://www.utu.fi/en/units/
med/units/hoitotiede/research/projects/pedagogic-health-care/competence-educators/Pages/
home.aspx. Accessed 29 May 2018.
38. Saaranen T, Koivula M, Ruotsalainen H, Wärnå-Furu C, Salminen L, editors. Terveysalan opettajan käsikirja. Tallinna: Tietosanoma, AS Pakett; 2016. [in Finnish].
39. Stolt M, Eloranta S, Elo S, Isola A, Suhonen R. A scoping review of Finnish doctoral disserta- tions in older people nursing science. Nord J Nurs Res. 2017;37:151–63.
40. Suhonen R, Stolt M, Gustafsson ML, Katajisto J, Charalambous A. The associations among the ethical climate, the professional practice environment and individualized care in care set- tings for older people. J Adv Nurs. 2014;70:1356–68.
41. Lukana A, Salminen L, Kaartinen M, Leino-Kilpi H. Historical research of nursing and caring sciences in Finland: a literature review. Scand J Caring Sci. 2013;27:774–84.
42. Repo H, Hupli M, Salminen L, Suhonen R, Leino-Kilpi H, editors. Eettisiä kysymyksiä hoito- työssä ja terveydenhuollossa—katsaus hoitotieteellisiin opinnäytetutkimuksiin Turun yliopis- tossa. Turun yliopisto, hoitotieteen laitoksen julkaisuja, Tutkimuksia ja raportteja A 70/2014;
2014. [in Finnish].
43. Välimäki M, Kannisto KA, Vahlberg T, Hätönen H, Adams CE. Short text messages to encour- age adherence to medication and follow-up for people with psychosis (Mobile.Net): random- ized controlled trial in Finland. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(7):e245. https://doi.org/10.2196/
jmir.7028.
44. Act 1434/2015. Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön asetus yliopistotasoisen terveyden tutkimuksen rahoituksesta; 2018. www.finlex.fi. Accessed 29 May 2018. [in Finnish].
H. Leino-Kilpi and M. Stolt
83
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
T. B. Hafsteinsdóttir et al. (eds.), Leadership in Nursing: Experiences from the European Nordic Countries, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10964-6_7 R. Suhonen (*)
University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science, Turku, Finland Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland e-mail: [email protected]
M. Ylönen
University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science, Turku, Finland City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
e-mail: [email protected] L. Jalonen
City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland e-mail: [email protected]
A. Holopainen
Nursing Research Foundation and the Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Helsinki, Finland
e-mail: [email protected]