Physical Therapy Modalities for Older Persons
10.8 Electrotherapy
10.8.4 Interferential Current (IC)
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stimulators (MENS). Most recently the term MENS has been replaced by the new term low-intensity stimulation (LIS) [50].
Electroacupuncture uses low-frequency, high intensity electrical stimulation, applied on the traditional acupuncture points, to determine muscle contraction and pain relief. This technique is commonly used for acute musculoskeletal disorders [51].
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larger- diameter peripheral nerve fibers to subsequently neuromodulate pain through a spinal gating mechanism.
Contraindications of IFC are the same as TENS (Fig. 10.10) [54].
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• Physical modalities use physical agents to produce biological modifica- tions in body tissues and elderly patients’ mobility, function, and quality of life.
• Most physical modalities are used to relieve pain in musculoskeletal dis- eases or to stimulate tissue healing.
• Common contraindications of physical modalities are cardiac diseases, acute arterial or venous diseases, pregnancy, fever, infections, and malignancy.
Fig. 10.10 Interferential current treatment for lumbar pain
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S. Masiero, U. Carraro (eds.), Rehabilitation Medicine for Elderly Patients, Practical Issues in Geriatrics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57406-6_11 H. Kern • S. Loefler • C. Hofer
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] U. Carraro (*) • F. Piccione • A. Marcante
I.R.C.C.S., Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venezia-Lido, Italy e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
S. Zampieri
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy W. Mayr
Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
S. Boncompagni • F. Protasi
CeSI – Center for Research on Aging and DNICS, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
R. Rizzuto • M. Sandri
Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy