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SVC Control Components and Models

4.8 SUMMARY

138 SVC CONTROL COMPONENTS AND MODELS

operating condition. A harmonic-voltage source model in series with a variable source admittance is proposed in ref. [27]. Harmonic-performance studies are based on certain assumptions, as follows:

1. The effect of multiple harmonic sources can be investigated by applying the superposition principle.

2. The SVC harmonic generation can be modeled by positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence harmonic sources.

3. The system can be represented by linear models at each harmonic fre- quency.

4. The precise evaluation of harmonic distortion must have accurate load modeling.

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1492–1503.

[9] CIGRE Task Force 38.05.04, “Analysis and Optimization of SVC Use in Trans- mission Systems,” CIGRE Technical Brochure No. 77, 1993.

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[11] IEEE Special Stability Controls Working Group, “Static Var Compensator Models for Power Flow and Dynamic Performance Simulation,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, February 1994, pp. 229–239.

[12] IEEE Power Engineering Society

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CIGRE,FACTS Overview, Publication 95TP108, IEEE Press, New York, 1995.

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[14] Y. H. Song and A. T. Johns, Eds., Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), IEE Press, London, 1999.

[15] CIGRE Working Group 14.29, “Coordination of Controls of Multiple FACTS

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HVDC Links in the Same System,” CIGRE Technical Brochure No. 149, Paris, December 1999.

[16] CIGRE Task Force 38.02.17, “Advanced Angle Stability Controls,” CIGRE Tech- nical Brochure No. 155, Paris, April 2000.

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[19] M. F. McGranaghan, J. G. Koepfinger, R. G. Rocamora and L. W. Esker, “Design of a Generalized Static-Var-System Model for TNA Simulation,”IEEE Transac- tions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS–101, No. 9, September 1982, pp. 3413–3420.

[20] M. F. McGranaghan, R. G. Rocamora, and J. G. Koepfinger, “Simulation of Static Var System (SVS) Performance on a Transient Network Analyzer,”IEEE Trans- actions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS–101, No. 9, September 1982, pp. 3373–3378.

[21] R. H. Lasseter and S. Y. Lee, “Digital Simulation of Static Var System Tranients,”

IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS–101, No. 10, October 1982, pp. 4171–4177.

[22] A. N. Vasconcelos, A. J. P. Ramos, J. S. Monteiro, M. V. B. C. Lima, H. D.

Silva, and L. R. Lins, “Detailed Modeling of an Actual Static Var Compensator for Electromagnetic Transient Studies,”IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.

7, No. 1, February 1992, pp. 11-19.

[23] S. Y. Lee, S. Bhattacharya, T. Lejonberg, A. E. Hammad, and S. Lefebvre,

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140 SVC CONTROL COMPONENTS AND MODELS

ients Program (EMTP),”IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No. 2, April 1992, pp. 836–847.

[24] S. Lefebvre and L. Gerin-Lajoie, “A Static Compensator Model for the EMTP,”

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1992, pp. 477– 484.

[25] S. Arabi and P. Kundur, “A Versatile FACTS Device Model for Power Flow and Stability Simulations,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 11, No.

4, November 1996, pp. 1944–1950.

[26] G. Therond et al., “Modelling of Power Electronics Equipment (FACTS) in Load Flow and Stability Programs,” CIGRE Task Force 38-01-08, Report, 1998.

[27] L. J. Bohmann and R. H. Lasseter “Equivalent Circuit for Frequency Response of a Static Var Compensator,”IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 1, No. 4, Nov. 1986, pp. 68–74.

[28] J. D. Ainsworth, “Phase-Locked Oscillator Control System for Thyristor-Con- trolled Reactors,” IEE Proceedings, Vol. 135, Pt. C., No. 2, March 1988, pp.

146–156.

[29] P. Czech, S. Y. M. Hung, N. H. Huynh, and G. Scott, “TNA Study of Static Com- pensator Performance on the 1982–83 James Bay System, Results and Analysis,”

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Controlled Reactive Compensa- tion, Varennes, Quebec, 1979.

[30] J. Belanger, L. E. N. Dias, S. A. Moraes, and S. O. Frontin, “Application of a Static Var System on the Furnas (Brazil) 138-kV Transmission System,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Controlled Reactive Compensation, Varennes, Quebec, 1979.

[31] J. Lisser and A. J. van de Water, “Zero Flux Current Transformer for Wideband Precision Measurement in ac and dc HV Systems,” CIGRE Paper 34-03, Paris, 1986.

[32] R. W. Menzies and G. B. Mazur, “Advances in the Determination of Control Parameters for Static Compensators,”IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.

4, No. 4, October 1989, pp. 2012–2017.

[33] ABB Power Systems, “MACH 2 Description,” Technical Report RU 8037, AU, 1999.

[34] M. R. Iravani et al., “Modelling and Analysis Guidelines for Slow Transients: Part I (Torsional Oscillations; Transient Torques; Turbine Blade Vibrations; Fast Bus Transfer),”IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 10, No. 4, October 1995, pp. 1950–1955.

[35] J. F. Hauer, W. A. Mittelstadt, W. H. Litzenberger, C. Clemans, D. Hamai, and P. Overholt, “Wide-Area Measurements for Real-Time Control and Operation of Large Electric Power Systems: Evaluation and Demonstration of Technology for the New System,” Report prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Bon- neville Power Administration (BPA) and the Western Area Power Administration, Portland, OR, April 1999. (This report and its attachments are available from the BPA on CD-ROM).

[36] A. G. Phadke, “Synchronized Phasor Measurements in Power Systems,” IEEE Computer Applications in Power Systems, April 1993, pp. 10–15.

[37] J. Tillet, J. Pease, J. Hall, and D. Bradley, “Experience with Optical PTs and CTs for Relaying and Metering,”Proceedings of the Western Protective Relay Confer-

REFERENCES 141 ence, Spokane, WA, October 23–25.

[38] D. Chatrefau, Application of Optical Sensors in Extra High Voltage Substations, General Electric (GE) Company Alsthom T&D Review, January 1997, pp. 17–24.

[39] J. D. Ainsworth, “The Phase Locked Oscillator—A New Control System for Con- trolled Static Converters,”IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS–87, pp. 859–865.

[40] J. D. Ainsworth, “Developments in the Phase-Locked Oscillator Control System for HVDC and other Large Converters,”IEE Conference Publication 255 on AC and DC Power Transmission, September 1985, pp. 98–103.

[41] J. Belanger, G. Scott, T. Anderson, and S. Torseng, “Gain Supervisor for Thyristor- Controlled Shunt Compensators,” CIGRE Paper 38-01, Paris, 1984.

[42] R. W. Lye and G. M. McAllister, “The Rimouski Static Compensator—A Pioneer on the Hydro-Quebec System,”Proceedings of the International Symposium on Controlled Reactive Compensation, Varennes, Quebec, September 1979.

[43] IEEE Committee Report, “Third Supplement to a Bibliography for the Study of Subsynchronous Resonance Between Rotating Machines and Power Systems,”

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 6, No. 2, May 1991, pp. 830–834.

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