بررسی بیماری‌زایی جدایه‌های Magnaporthe grisea به دست آمده از تعدادی علف هرز تیره Poaceae روی گیاه برنج و تعیین نژاد جدایه‌های بیماری‌زا

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, 1 ) . aH 1)+ 1C , 3 +

Raminad. Str. 3

R B

Zenith aH

1s 0 5 1s +n 5 W !

+ 9d1) D 1) R H + 1 3 * , +1H IB

1 )

+ fr3 D ,3 15 1C R H + * ,

. 1)+ ] >

w ‡93+ '5 R H + R $

Caloro

+ D K + ,9 B *

1) 1s +n > 15 , +1H IH

1 )

.(Ling & Ou, 1969)

#

$

"

M. grisea -

& . /

0-

NILs) (

?

>

. 6 P 0T . + '5

NILs (Near- Isogenic

Lines)

R '5 , H 6 + ) CO39

; 15 ~ $ + 6 >

indica

( D , 2345 Q H '5 W ! 5 ' 5

'5

23 N + . ˆ J5 H D 23+ 1 D j R H + ' D

1>

D R+

6+ + P ,#I+ 2 B 0T

Major gene) (

, 5

.(Javan-Nikkhah, 2002)

. ? ; / P

0T . + '5

+ ,9 B 0T g , J ! 'D

J D

C101LAC

(pi-1(t)) C101A51 (pi-2(t))

(C104PKT (pi-

3(t)) C101PKT (pi-ta) C105TTP-4L23 (pi-ta, pi-

9 >

+ .

?

>

+ ' 3‰

J N ; 15 E B Bc$

a> a>+1d +

D + . 0 ' 3‰

:

, 5 .

9

3 4567 "

$

"

M.grisea , 8 - , 9 : - ; <= > - -

R $ ' + :

>

* N + ,3 15 6

* D+

>

5 W ! $ R B + ,$ "9 6 W 3+ 1

Valent et al.

(1991)

+ 15 .

0 + ' + :

>

6

' + : S 8 $ ,3 15 a 47

~ $ 4 15 +

, 23+ ,= ! + + D

~ $ ' 5 a 47 8 $

' + :

Dig12

. ,L ] >

,3 15

>

a 47 ~ $ 2 3 0+ 7 '5 , 7 1$

a 47

> @ 1) . + ,qY5

' + :

>

+ - Y$ 0

+ g D 1L K + '5 @ a>+1d * D

' a 47 '5 ' M

~ $ 3 1 + 5 D

K . D , > @ 8 N 619 .

5 ' 47 J 7 5 r3+ H d 6 5

+ '5 .

1"I ~ $ P ~ $ ~ $ '3 ~ $ 8S ~ $ ; / ~ $

(7)

F 1C 6 3+ : 8 N + Y 6 >

. ] >

'3 ~ $ 47

a ˆ 5 . D 1 D 1 D ' - + 8 N J

= - ' 1 5 6 q 5 6 >

D K . D

= $ 619 - ' 0 5 , >

- 8H ' ! 5 as J 1 6+

D K . D 1 e9 619

5 . ˆ J5 H D 23+ 1 D ,3 15 R $ ' '9d1) E I 6 >

+ D J5 B R 5 R L aH * ' + :

>

6

5 '5 @ ,3 15 .

•1 a 47 j D : 2

23+ 1) UV@

.

: 2 - W ! aH * D+

R L ; 15 '5 R 5

' + :

>

Magnaporthe grisea 6 '5

+ N 23 l#7

>

6

1>

a 47

6 5 0 5. ' + : R

+/+ Unknown Unk7

-/- Echinochloa crus-galli Ech1 +/+ Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig18 +/+(M) Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig5

-/- Setaria italica Set7

-/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig23

-/- Unknown Unk6

+/+ Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig3

-/-^(M) Setaria italica Set6

+/+^(M) Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig11 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig17 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig2 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig10 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig9 +/+^(M) Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig22 +/+(M) Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig1

+/+^(M) Unknown Unk4

-/- Unknown Unk2

+/+ Unknown Unk1

-/-^(M) Unknown Unk5

+/+ Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig13 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig19 -/-^(M) Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig14 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig15 +/+^(M) Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig16 +/+ Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig12 +/+ Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig4 +/+ Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig8 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig7 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig6 +/+ Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig21 -/- Digitaria sanguinalis. Dig20

-/-^(M) Setaria italica Set4

/+

- , + $ , + $ ~S '5 23+ 2 3 + [ $1$ '5 ' + :

>

( +

a 47 R 5 R L R H + 6 6 5 .

' + :(M)

>

, D + * 5 ' P + ~ $ a 47

0 5. ) + 6 5

+ 0 @

"

Mesothetic

"

.

- B

*# *+ , 8

&

$C D

E

$

"

M. grisea

s '5 +n Y$

' + :

>

+ ,3 15 6

+ * N 5

1) "93+ ' + : .

+ ` V9 + Y

' + :

>

~ $ a 47 8 N + JI ! 6

W ! aH

5 R 5 R L .

+ ' + :

>

~ $ 5 ' + : J

a 47 4 5 5 ' +1 >

3 1C ' + : ,

D ' a 47

~ $ 3 + 15 K 0 5. + .

,H+19d+ aH 2@>

+ 93+

5

## =+

'5 , R

>

(Raminad Str.3), 6

(Zenith), (NP-125), (Usen), (Dular), (Kanto 51), .

(Sha-tiao-tsao), (Caloro)

a 47 + + ,$ "9 h

$ R B R H + 0 3 8}

a 47 r $ P 6 5

+ 15 W ! R H + 2345 .

+ '5 E I D '

Usen aH D 2 B 0T 6+ + ' R $ 23+ Pi-a

+ 5 R B +

D

~ $ * 1

2 47 5 + h

, 3 D + 1C 5 ' D

+ 0 @ 5 2 3 ! m d * .

0+ 7 '5 +j=

P R $ J5 B R B aH ' + :

>

'5

N ` ! .

+ +

D + 0 @ * D

' ' + :

>

6

H d 0T 6+15 0T ' 1s W 3+ 15 'Y= \ 0T

>

6

6 5 + 6+15 R ? , -

, 5. 2 B 0T 9

Pi-a

9 >

. + 1C , 3 + D

* ' + :

>

aH J5 B

Zenith

D 6+ + ' 0T

>

,9 B 6

pi-a pi-z pi-i

': $ J5 H 23+

5 . 28: + + D

1 3 _4K 15 '

b3 $ '9d1) E I E Y= \

Javan-Nikkhah (2002)

D R $ J5 B aH + 8 N ' ' + :

>

Q H 6

M. grisea

i : N + ; 15 6 + 6 D

,9 B *

J5 B + 5 + 15 K + ' + :

>

Dig8 6

Dig12

+ D aH + 2 3 ! * .

, 3 +

aH 1C

Caloro

, $ J5 B . ' + :

>

.: '5

' + :

Dig21

+ K + D

+ + 15 2 3 ! *

, + $ 1C 5 1 + ' + :

>

,3 15 6

- 9

0T 2 B

pi-k⁵

, . R H + 1 3 5

* D+

>

,

~ $ + + 2

3 4 5 + 0 @ .

15 +j=

' 1s W 3+

0T 6+15 0T ' + :

>

, D '

* D+

>

~ $ 6 1 2 +

, 15 R H + 0+ 7 '5 9V C +

' + :

>

aH + N ,5 6

R B + 8 N J5 B

R) ( ' + :

>

, D + ' D

*

~ $

>

6 3 4 5 ( + ,3 15 0 > ) +

, D 0+ 7 '5 1 ' + :

>

J5 B aH + N 1/ 6 8 N

(8)

W !

S) ( '9d1) 1s .

j 'Y= \ W 3+ 15 D

5 J * N + ,3 15 ' + : 4

+ +n

6 +n 1)

IA

2c$ IB

R

>

IB-58, IA-27, IA-6

127, IA-17

, 3 .

ˆ J5 H D 23+ 1 D

' ' + :

>

Dig8 6

Dig12

1>

+ P 5 6 +n 1)

IA-170+ 7 1H 9d1) + .

] >

' + :

>

Dig 4 6

Dig 3 Dig 21

6 > +n 0+ 7 2c$ [ $1$ '5 .

IA-

27 IA-127 IB-58

9d1) +1H )

: 3 .(

: 3 - +n Y$ A 51 ; 9 ' + :

>

Q H 6

5 + 93+ ,H+19d+ R H + + "93+ 5

=+

# ,#

= . d 6 > +n P T

IB-58 IA-127

IA-17 IA-27

, 3 2 B 0T g aH

R S

R R

Raminad Str.3 ---

S R

R R

pi-z, pi-i, pi-a Zenith

R R

S S

Np-125 ---

R R

Usen pi-a

R R

pi-k^a Dular

S R

S S

Kanto 51 pi-k

S R

R R

pi-k⁵ Sha-tiao-tsao-S

R S

S S

pi-k⁵ Caloro

- B 8

& . /

0-

NILs) (

$

"

M. grisea

+ 0T 6+15 0T ' 1s W 3+ 15 D

5 * P

)

5 , 1) 5 J 7 '

2 B 2 3

) 8} R 7

6 5 ( , m 3 5

D ' P ,9 B 0T

(Rgene)

J5 B ) P

1 Z 0T 6 5 + ,

Avr gene) (

1 ) +1H 1) 5 J 7 .

+ + ] >

D

, *

'5

2 3 6 5 + , m 3 , 5

D 0T ' 6 5 + 6+15 ,

5 '9 + : 2 B 0T 15 'M#Z .

R H +

NILs

6+ + ' >

P 5 9 > ,9 B 0T '

? .:

C105TTP-4L23

D

,9 B 0T 6+ + '

, 5 . 15

W 3+

+ "93+

?

>

NILs 6 ' + :

>

6

8S J ,3 15

A +n

B C

. D

'5 ' ) 6+

D +n ' J A

' + :

>

Dig21 6 +n Dig8

B

' + : J +n Dig3

' + : J C

+n Dig4 D

' + : J

Dig12

5 . ,3 15 + ' + :

>

, D ' + + "93+ F

,H+19d+ R H 5

## =+

, 1)

>

6

$ P 0 ] > 5 '9d1) +1H 6 +n ' + :

>

6

6 >

Dig3

. ,3 15 + Dig4

1)

>

6

$ P 9d1) +1H 6 +n .

' + :

Dig8 Dig12

D '

+ 93+ ,H+19d+ R H + ,3 15 5

## =+

1> , P

, +1H 1)

"93+ 5 9d1) +

?

>

. 6 P '5

0T . + 1)

>

,= ! + iH+ +.( 6

23+

D ' + : ' ' + : 5 * N + Dig8

Dig21

P 2d1) +1H 6 +n 1) .

, 3 +

+n 1C D D

' + : J '

Dig12

23+

) : 4 (

$ 6 > 2 B , $ 15 H . * N + P

T ,

[= Z ,3 15 R H + : .

+ '( 9

+ D + ' M * D

' + : + * 6

23+ ,H+19d+ R H +

aH 8 $ ( N 'S1)+

Usen

D 0T 6+ + ' '5 5 pi-a

` ! '5 1) 5 J 7 + J5 B R B aH 0+ 7 N .

: 4 - + D . ? ; / * P

0T . + '5

NILs) ( J5 B ' + :

>

Magnaporthe grisea6

, 3 6 > +n

D C

B 2 B 0T g A

?

S S

R R

pi-1(t) C101LAC

S R

R S

pi-2(t) C101A51

S S

R S

pi-3(t) C104PKT

S R

R R

pi-4^a C101PKT

S S

pi-4^b C105TTP-L23

1 1

1 2

- ' + : + Y$

(9)

:&

M. griseaQ H P

' ) 6 5 + 5 , 5. l L

23+ 19 )

D + * 5 ' 50

,> ) f : ' +

0N

, +1H

.(Ou, 1987) 1 ) 23+ 0N ': $ J5 H +

D '

1>

D j Q H 6 > +n + R+

D 6+ + P , 5. l L

o d1I 5 c P

, 15 + f : S $ 1 )

(Kang et al., 2000; Correa-Victoria et al., 1994)

.

$ 'S1)+

D 0 '93 / E Y= \ D

l L 6 ,#

23+ @ R ( + Q H + , 5.

(Zeigler, 1995)

+

,$ Y= \ : + 5 D

0+. , 5. l L 6 '

K R ( + Q H + 6 > +n 61 j/1 e$

K+ M BBc ' > Xd+ $ 0N ,@! d E d49

+ :

(Valent & Chumley, 1987; Latterell &

Rossi, 1986; Urashima et al., 1999; Uddin et al.,

.

1999; Murakami & Mayama, 2000; Viji et al.,

.

2001; Kusaba et al., 1998; Latterell et al., 1960;

.

Kolmer & Ellingboe, 1988)

.

‡ 6+15

Igarashi et

al.

(1990) Viji et al.

(2001)

F +.) D 1 D '

' + :

>

Q H 6

M. grisea

D

; 15 6 + ' 23 '5

N

, + R ) 6 6 E K +

+ 3

23+ ,= ! D

Urashima et al. '

(1993)

F +.)

+ D ' ' + :

>

6 6 5 + 6 R ) 0 5. 6

; 15 6 5 + 9

Malca & Owen.

(1957)

F +.)

+ D Q H '

M. grisea

D '( / 0 5. '5 ' D

,Z4

, E K 23+ H

D 0 5. '5 '

(S.secundatum

(Walter) Kuntz)

! + 8 N + .5 E K . 1

0 5 D 1 D E H ' 6 5

+ ) 6 Q H + ,

j D D 1 Z iH+ ' 0 5.

23+

J5 H 0+. '5

's!4 6+

D 23+ '9d *>

Latterell et al. .

(1960)

Bain et al.

(1972)

F +.) 6 5 + K ' = + 6 >

a]S 6 2345 ) 2

Lolium sp.

( 0 5 D 1 D '

' + :

>

6

M. grisea Q H 23 '5

) + + N

a 47 j 6 5 D

] > , > ) 6 +

_? 0

* : R )

961/

(Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.

( + E ˆ Br.)

, D . 1C , 3 +

Trevathan

1. St. Agustinegrass 2.Ryegrass 3. Pearalmillet (1982)

F +.) D 1 D ' ' + :

>

6 23 '5 ) + N

'( / D 2"> l#7 0 d1d 3 ,Z4 5

(S. secundatum (Walter) Kuntz)

'5 H 6 5 + ,

S ) 6 +

, 5

Urashima et al. .

(1993)

9d . D

' ' + :

>

6 23 '5 , > ) + N

'5 H + S ; 15 0 ] >

6 5 + , > ) 6 ,

,Y$1 S 0 ] >

Poa pratensis L.)4

J)1/ a]S

9 d , k+ a]S D

15 l#7

5. 1H

(Festuca rubra

, L.)

5

Couch et al. .

(2005)

' + :

>

6

M. oryzae

23 '5 + N 0 5.

>

6 l#7

>

6 1> 6

6 M : 0 + 0 ] >

(Panicum repens L.)

S

60+15

(Leersia hexandra Sw.)

M S P .M3 , +

7

(Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.)

,3 15 s '5 +

E I GK 6 5

+

; 15 W ! R H + 6 , '

,

D

; 9 1

6 5 + 9 W 3+ 15 . + ,

Valent

et al.

(1991)

D

$ 1"I + ' 5

E I GK W 3+ 15

aK

>

a B$

6 5 , UV@

D 1 . +

X Bc$

' + :

>

6 23 '5 0+15 S 0 5. + N

= ( + '5 H -

'

~ $ 6 >

3 8 $ 6 ,# K R H +

5 ; 15 W ! 23+ ,= ! +

D ' ' + :

>

6 '5

23 + N 0 5.

>

M S 6 P 6 M : 0 + H

'5 6 5 + , 6 M ; 15 ' + : 8 $ 'S1)+ .

23 '5 M S 0 5. + N

P

+ Y$ H

aK 61G9V 6

( + ; 15 W ! ,# K aH

. . X Bc$ + 6 5

+ , ' + :

>

Q H 6

M. grisea

23 '5 + N 0 5.

>

'( / 6 D

,Z4

M S P _ 3 6

'5 W ! ,#c ; 15 aH

R

>

9d1) +1H ,3 15 R 5 R L 6 .

; 9

+ 0 @ D + 6 + Y$ ' ' + :

>

6 23 '5 ) + N

'( / D '5 H ,Z4 6 5

+ , 6 1>

; 15 aH

23+ ,= ! + 5

D ' ' + :

>

6 23 '5 N

0 5. + M S

P '5 H 6 5 + , 6 aH

j D M . + ; 9 X Bc$

; 9 5 23 '5 N

Couch et al.b3 $

(2005)

5 XM\

.

1C , 3 +

4. Kentucky bluegrass 5. Red fescue 6. Cut grass 7. Green foxtail

(10)

' + : 23 '5 _ 3 0 5. + N a 47

@ - D ,

+ 6 ( + aH 1>

D 1 . E I + '5 D

'

= - ' 8H JI ! 6 >

+ + 5 1 $ 6+

2

$ 3 ,#

19 5

1 +

D K . D + Y$ 9 + 619 D

9 + ,

p > ] >

J 7 @ > @ 8 N 6 r3+ ' )

6 5 + 1C 6 3+ : 8 N + Y F '5 . .

,3 15 I 6 >

Q H 6 '9d1) E

M. grisea

0+1 + , 3 6+15 R ( + 6 > D R $ o M 1B$

Q H P T = . d 6 > +n

M. grisea

"93+ 15 , 9M

aH 2@> + + 93+ ,H+19d+

5

## =+

23+ , .

Izadyar (1982)

6 ,@ N

23 ' + :

i : 04 ) 0 93+ l#9V A B + 6 N +n +

6 5 + 6 '5 X#Y9 l#9V 1)

>

5 6 ,## =+

IA

F +.) + IG Neekbakht & Fatemi .

(1993)

+ Y$

14 6 + + P T = . d +n ' + :

>

6

i :

@D ` : 6 -( 15 XL + 6 N 1D , 3 0+1 + 6+15 > +n ' > 'D 7 +

: , 5 . + '5 X#Y9 > +n 1)

>

6

IA6 +n

ID IC

i 19 + +1d 5 IE

1$

6 +n 1) '5 X#Y9 > +n 5 IA

23+

Izadyar & .

Padasht (1998)

+n 8S 6+15 + : P T = . d

+ F +.) 04 ) Q H .

0+

Bahrami & Foroutan (1993)

+1H * N 5

0 + 15 +n ' + :

IA-81 IC-17

U V@$ +

+ . ] >

Bahrami & Izadyar (1998)

+n '3

6 5 + '5 : 6

IA-66, 3+

IC-27

+ IC-2

, 3 0+

Javan-Nikkhah .

(2002)

5

,3 15 ' + :

>

6 23 '5 ) 0 93+ + N

* 04

+n 6 5 + 6 +n 1) '3 '5 X#Y9

IF IC

+ IA

Y$

D 1 D +n 8S 8 N 5 '

IC25 IC26 IC29

5 0+1 + 6+15 : +n IF1

. ' + :

>

6

+ "93+ 5 . X Bc$ + ,3 15

+ 93+ ,H+19d+ aH 2@>

5

## =+

, 5 . ? P

0T . + '5

NILs) (

2 8 +n Y$

' + :

>

6 a B$ +n 8S '5 F 1> b3 $ 5.

. ' ) '5 6+

D R H + + "93+ 5 ' 5

## =+

,

' + : + 93+

Dig12

1> Dig8

P 1)

' + :

>

Dig46

Dig3 Dig21

1> . D [= Z R+

+.( 6 > +n 9d1) +1H

. 1C , 3 +

Bargnil

(2007)

1C ,3 15 ' + :

>

6 'Y= \

j X Bc$

D 9 + "93+ 5 +

RAPD-PCR

+ +1H ,3 15 D

X Bc$ 0N + JI ! ; 9 W 3+ 15 '

' + :

>

6 23 '5 '( / ) + N D

,Z4 P

1) ' + :

>

6 23 '5 + N . _ 3 0 5.

2d1) +1H 1C ,> 1) .

; 9 ' B 5 23 '5

* N + N 6 5

+ UV@ J ^15 ; 9 ,

1) D ' + : '

Dig12

,3 15 . Dig8

6 >

= - + * 5 6+ + ,=

80 9 T 2> M I -

,

9 >

. 1 3 ] >

' + :

>

W 3+ 15 a> .

Y$ * N

= * N a> +n -

,=

1)

>

6

9d1) +1H +.(

. ,3 15 'S1)+ , 3 + A 51 6 >

+ "93+ 5 +n Y$ * N '5

?

>

. 6 P '5

a> 5 0T . + ' + :

>

6 '9d1) +1H 1) 8S

. 5

"93+ 5 +n Y$ 0 N ; 9 1C , 3 + +

?

>

+ 93+ ,H+19d+ 6 5

,## =+

?

>

6

. P 0T . + '5

NILs) (

' B

N

; 9 5 8

Bargnil

(2007)

+ 0 @ D

+ 93+ R H + + "93+ '

5

## =+

*B > +n Y$ , 1‹‰

'9 + 1$

; 9 23 '5 . 2 YH+ '5 F + + N P

1$

23+

. REFRENCES

1. Ahn, S. W. & Ou, S. H. (1982). Quantitative resistance of rice to blast disease. Phytopathology, 72, 279- 282.

2. Ashizawa, T., Zenbayashi, K. & Koizumi, S. (1999). Effect of partial resistance on rice blast control with cultivar mixtures. Phytopathology, 89, S3

3. Atkins, J. G. (1962). Prevalence and distribution of pathogenic races of Piricularia oryzae in the USA.

Phytopathology, 52, 2. [Abstract].

4. Atkins, J. G., Robert, A. L., Adair, C. R., Goto, K., Kozaka, T., Yanagida, R., Yamada, M. &

Matsumoto, S. (1967). An international set of rice varieties for differentiating races of Piricularia oryzae.Phytopathology, 57, 291-307.

5. Bahrami, M. & Foroutan, A. R. (1993). Identification of physiologic races of blast disease agent,

(11)

Pyricularia oryzae in Mazandaran provinces. In: Proceedings of the 11^th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 Aug-2 Sept.,University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, p. 62.

6. Bahrami, M. & Izadyar, M. (1998). Introduction of new races of rice blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae).

In: Proceedings of the 13^thIranian Plant Protection Congress, 23-27Aug., Junior College of Agriculture, Karaj, Iran, p. 73.

7. Bain, D. C., Patel, B. N. & Patel, M. V. (1972). Blast of ryegrass in Mississippi. Plant Disease Report, 56, 210.

8. Bargnil, M. (2007). Study on population structure of fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr isolated from Poaceae weeds and determination of its mating type and fertility status by PCR. M. Sc. Thesis.

University of Tehran,Iran.

9. Behdad, E. (1990). Disease of field crops in Iran. (3^rd ed.). Neshate Esfahan publishing, Esfahan. (In Farsi).

10. Couch, B. C. & Kohn, L. M. (2002). A multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species, Magnaporthe oryzae, from M. grisea.Mycologia, 94, 683-693.

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