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: 5446275 -
E-mail: f_omranzade1385@yahoo.com 0936
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Meloidogyne javanica
(%
)
&$ $ % *
(BABA)
+
, '- ' .
"
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3
1 2 3 ! " #! $ !
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: 14 / 9 / 89 - /! 0 (!
: 5 / 5 / 90 (
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Meloidogyne javanica
& " 4 4;
. M!
! A
! :
?
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! 4@4 /4 A B" N A A BABA
! A
"
B' ! J' /F @
$ I!J &4>
O " &4> B' E! P Q A A 4K R
4 . I!J &4> B' = <>
9$
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.
>
V A '
A J!
I!
:
$ ? A 4K
P ' :
$ I! A J! ? A 4K
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4 ?
L
= <> BABA
A J! " &HK I!
: 4K" W $ L = <> ?
? X
"
.
' Y " @ " @4 : 4;
I! A J! BABA
31 / 0
Rf= 34 / 0
Rf= 4"
&
: " K! <
)
! A
@ "
(
? X
"
.
8
"
! 4 " 4 " ! ; > @ & < = <> : 5
$ 4 A 4K
9$
8 ' 4K A
% :%
- * .
"/ 0 1
(Meloidogyne spp.)
&
' 2 $ & . 34 56 . - * . 728
' *
$4 9 * 9 :- #0 ; & < . - * 0 :
(Abad et al., 2003; Xu et al., 2001) = ' .
6 "= ;3 = : $4 ? 2 0 . - *
=#
#@#< # = 5= A2 "B= . :- #0 . - 0 .
=C# = :
(Sasser, 1980) = .
* D E F . -
") 4 & G)2 D
#< ) H ')#* '
* = .
D
D–DI#
) 1 3 - . D '< < ) :
1 2 J
. D
< < ) (
. = = 5#2 D
' 2
:% K - * .
C- = L! :1
"
- . . &
D - "= : # # ' & (29 "
M BN
/ H :B#O ; & G)2F ML D
O $ P =
;9 "2N 9 Q
(Whitehead, 1997)
.
: A1 ; A
R S 1 #= ;T% O ? H
:
U O :
D K% P V - "
D W2 #9
O "X#2 #0 :! % D
1 K%
# 0 #= ;
= = ; # :Y 72N X ; A ;9
Z
# 9 G
# K :
= &
# - 0 [\
:
= T ' &
D
"
D
#0 K% E
;1 N ; A '
=
M (* W # 0 2 P : 9 "= "4 * = '# @ -
] A1 5 ! 3
D
? & 0 #= . = . -
: C 2 : # #
(Gorlach et al., 2000; 0
Siegrist et al., 2000)
.
38 & 5 ! & :- 0
#
= 5
# - 0 )
^ 8 -
= D . 2 - _ - - * ( D
< X `! = "
;#9 a b % :
' 29 -
= .
. #=
&
:
#c G#Kd
. #=
&
e O - : S * < f/ = :
)
#D 2
# )0 ' D '# * <
- := g - ( e O - .
* 5 & #c D
:= .C2 9 : # # M 3#
N
5h B
2 6 - . D
# C )
H
# #*
R
(INA) #9
# P 2=
#* = R
(BABA) #9 C =
1 2 3 -
& #*
7 -
D
# #* = R
#9 - _ - 29 5#2
(BTH)
#)# #1 9 R
(SA) #9 R - * W#9 2< M ( % : K . D
M 3#
] A1 - #0 ; A & M 4 f/ =
:
(Benhamou & Picard, 1999; Cohen, 2001; D
Kessman et al., 1994; Kuc, 2001)
.
* D
: # # I#
BABA
R
# P
#9
#22 9 : # * < #c R
:
= D
& . # = "
" 0 . #= = = ; A :- #0 . - :g 8 . -
= D
: ] A1 - * :9 : 2
(Jakab et al., D
2001; Oka et al., 1999)
. 9 = '#1 . =
1960
] A1 ; A P M
"4 0 6 %
i 6 - :62N 9 . #= 5= A :
= #* - #0
/ BABA (Oort & Van
Andel, 1960) BABA .
O* j Z &
R
;$4 #0
C#% . - 9 ;N 9 H
* : k X '# * <
-
= l3* .
. #=
&
(PR-Proteins) : 2#%
D '#
- D b % E
k 9 #1 * ;#9 a D
m#
O* K% . - R
H W # . #= = = - #0 :! % . - -
[\
;9
(Cohen, 2002)
.
e O - 6#9 # j Z & G)2F . :-
/ O* #0 :! % W2 #9 :$=
R : D .
G)2F . - # C# BABA
6#9 :- ") 4 &
#)# #1 9 . - # R
# 9 4 #9
R
')#* #9
5 ! : D .
4 ' =
H iC#
D 5 ! 5
BABA
; # nF/ :29 "= ; A ] A1
(Cohen,
2002) Zimmerli et al. .
(2000)
/ D
"
; * ; A BABA
#0 & : - o# < #= P
D
#)# #1 9 . - # "
R
# 9 4 #9
R
#9
I#9P $ P ')#*
] A1 : D . L! ' = = p . - # =
D
6#9 . - # 4
:-
. = C# . 6 H BABA
;9 q<
.
Z & - - #0 * & :K#9 G#Z j
D M 3#
5 ! = = :! % . #=
&
; A M %P :- #0 .
: D . <
D :)< & # 5 %
D
") 4 & & # W C P
- .
5 ! & :K#9 G#Z = = #0 Q % = l3*
. #=
&
:- #0 . :
= . ' W C P - D
#* #
(29 ;N 9 2 -
&
D
# m - . K%
/*
H 5 % 6 '# 6#1 5#
. - D
! "= #
O29 . = :! % . - 9 H
5#N :1 )9 2N 9 i
(Chen et al., 2000) 2 - .
Siegrist et al.
(2000)
/ D
"
PR-1
= #* * * - #0
: k X* BABA
= .
Jakab et al.
(2001)
? C0 D D - #0 "
o# < #= P D
BABA =
"=
H :0 = . r9 5
;T)c :2a k X* I4 '#s < . -
'# * <PR
-
PR–1)
PR–2
(PR–5
: .
* D
: # # I#
# 2 #9 ; A BABA
R
1 . #= 5= A H
: # & i = :0 = "
Cercosporidium
personatum
X : D
Zhang et al..
(2001)
/
D
" F)0 l "
BABA .
$ *
] A1 D
;9 .
D Z "= "
: K
' Q # .
. #=
D : E- -
.
D #* = # P . = R
N "= #9 e
K*
0
X . -
Nocobbus serendipiticus l9 *
- #0 "= I#9P =
"4 0 6 % : D
;9 E-
(Prasad et al., 1967) Oka et al..
(1999)
; A ] A1
#0
"4 0 6 %
= "/ 0 1 * "#)! :
& (29
P [ / = BABA
D E-
. #=
) K* 0 K* := &
WF*
-
& * .
"8 9 "/ * (
M 3[
D .
"= "4 * = & (29 "4 * 5= 8 t 2
"#)! BABA
l9 * "/ 0 1 *
Oka et al.
(1999)
#[f*
#* = # P 2=
R O ! "= #9 e
:! % W2 #9
0 1 * = = #N ; A ] A1 . = #0
;% 0 8 j#AO* ' V - ! "= "/
. '
'# @ - j#AO*
H
;#1 K% C# ] A1 W C P
- .
< :! % D
& # :)<
5 %
# D
;9 := & &
.
; $%
M. javanica
(29 = * "= 1P :- #0 " "#$* & o<
( WF* * ? &
(single eggmass)
* H #h
"@- #0 "/ . P :1 2 . -
0
"4 6 %
W8 :
Rutgers
* .& 9 n1 N H
i X P #h .
I)c
;$4 * '9 u WF* & :9 * M A#AO*
0 1P X :
(29 : 1 : #c 5#1 "= u K
& . Y = &
WF*
- i '9 u & (29
K 2/#= * :
= .
#$* WF* v F29 "
? = i '9 u
Hussey & Barker (1973)
i X
;% 0
. ! " #
$
%
#* = # P 2= : # # R
(BABA) #9 &
D
;T)c "#$* 6#9 ; 20
:)#
. = P
(29 M / &P i X
(Oka et al., 1999) .
& ' %(
) "
* + ,
- . /
0!' /, .
1 ( & &" ( 2 ( .
BABA
)0 : (! d #N q=
3. - 130 cm
N . a e
) N "9 5 e
N w = e
"= "! C
;3 1:1:1 ( 5 29 D 0 ;/
.
")a 6 - 4
:0 =
"@- #0 -
N #N ? "= #N .
(soil-e
drench)
)O = 20
:)#
#* = # P 2=
R
#9
#*
.
"@- #0 - "=
10 :)#
2#1 )O &
q D
"% d
(Oka et al., 1999)
. R
& K= &
#*
"@- #0 - #* = # P = #N . R
;#K 4 #9
2000
#0 - ] & "= i '9 u
"
: &
.
$4
;
#0 "/ V Z M a '2 "6 ;= [ )0
-
2% 0 8 UP . a :0 C= ;/*
.
5N UP .
;/*
27
"4 _ # )9 l#O M a "4
±2 27
0 W#T * .
E &P '
"
: &
"@- #0 -
* = #N .
: $ * "=
) -
BABA ( "% d "= * : $ * "=
E &P . - #* ! "= 5 29 BA UP BABA
"2% 0 T .
. 4 "= - - #0
BABA
& o< (29 5 29 BA UP &
"
: &
"@- #0
. -& - #0 "/ & . = " * =
& K= W2(- WX < i $g i 9
"
: &
= - #0
;% 0 i X * .
* "9 = E &P ' H
I1 8
% E &P D
x Z " < 5 2 yL D
i X :% 7*
;% 0 . ' . 3 4 - 5 6#%
: #g - #0 "/ ;% = & i 0 W#
D
"
yL38
:= N "= k M& & (29 = = 9 @F
0 i #s 9
. or9 R :)#
2#1 % =
"
W 9 M ( % 1
/ 0 )
pH 6 (
"% d P "=
yL D
S - .
i X M i *
D
5N -
; 8 { . a ;/*
.
"= ")Y %L= 5Y a | )F
# H U #*
. - 5 / 1 :)#
2#1
l9 * 5A2
# H S #( 2 9 13000
M "=
20
"A#8
4
"4 _ # )9 )
@F 5N
( S #( 2 9 .
E &P i X . = 5Y a :s 7!
& 538 * 4 -
E &P i X 40
-
"4 _ # )9
. $6
(Reuveni, 1995)
.
.(
, ( 78 ( 09 0 : 3 4 - 0
C# := &
D 5 7! 5a 5= 8 '# * < 5
& (29 = 29 : O "#$*
* <
# 29 '
) 31P
# 0 i 9 ' .
% D
# 5 (
? = j= B
Bradford (1976)
i X ' "=
A T
20
# H
"9 = " - 7! 2#1 :)#
2#1 V K
% = R
E &P "1 1 D
g R
or9 | )F
v Z Uq4 C#
595 nm
= (29 = max
r9 &
H 2 0 ;s 8 2 * % .
* "9 " - . = H
"2% 0 T .
C#
D
= 7! - '# * < 5
"39 O 29 : O & (29 .
) " & ' .(
,
. /
:= &
< W C P ;#1 K% C#
D _ 9 = & #
Mohammadi & Kazemi ?
(2002)
i X .
:)#
2#1
| )F D
. 7! & . A 5 E
40 :)#
i 0 '# * <
20
# H
#s 0 2#1 H
A
D M ( % M 2#9 % = :%
25 :)#
) 4 /
pH 5 (
. Z D : $ WXa "
:)#
2#1
= R
"1 1
r9 629 0 | )F E &P
H
= 2 * % 2
)F ' & (29
v Z |
475nm
=
max
0 (Y .
or9 10 2#1 H#
<
D S #- # 30
"% d | )F "= Y D
y K 9 M ##•* | )F
5Y % = Uq4
10 M "= "# [ R
"A#8
&
#0 0 . .
M ##•* M Y "= W C P ;#1 K%
Uq4
"A#8 :)#
i 0 O '# * <
"39 .
) " & ' .(
0!' /, .
:)#
2#1
| )F D 7! & . A 5 E
"
D . "
40
# H
= '# * < i 0 20
# H A '#1 < )O 2#1 D
M 2#9 % = :%
M ( % 25 :)#
) 4 /
pH 6 ( . Z D : $ WXa "
:)#
2#1
=
R E &P "1 1 D
g R yL D
")#9 "= "A#8 M "= | )F ' | )F
* H
:- - o
.
r9 629 or9
H
= 2 * % 2
v Z | )F ' & (29
515nm
=
max
0 (Y .
or9 40
# H #< )O 2#1 D
2 H
100 :)#
"% d b % | )F "=
D K 9
)F 5Y % = Uq4 M ##•* ")Y %L= |
10 M "= "# [ R
"A#8
&
#0 . .
;#1 K%
"A#8 Uq4 M ##•* M Y "= W C P :)#
i 0
"39 O '# * <
(Mohammadi & Kazemi,
2002)
.
&
.( '- # (Native PAGE)
.- "
)
* +
,
. /
1 H
& % 2 4 S & (29 = : = D
12
%
2 D W D 6
% i X . - g - R
& . A
7!
D . a "
30
# H "2F = '# * < i 0
- g - : $ WXa R
"= " % = & (29 = 35
2#1 H#
9 .
2 S ")a S 21 D
W D
75 S ")a ;1 4
D 100 T ;1
"2% 0 .
S or9 M O(Y '#= & Run
"/#
/2 BA UP = = ' g v N . . M 2#9 % = or9 -
M ( % 25 :)#
. a
#s 0 H t < : $ ;T)c =
pH :)#
4 / 5
"=
M 30
# . "A#8 H
. 8 A or9
R < Y D
"% d P "= B8 B8 S #- #
.
$8 . - = "TO1 g & o<
. D / "
-
& C P W - < . D - • = & #
(Laemmli,
1970)
.
< *
) " & ' %(
,
. /
B - D
"
H 5 1
;9 - / 5= 8
#*
"
: &
"@- #0 -
BABA = : $ * "=
=
& W C P ;#1 K% C# * "% d "= BABA
- = i 9 )
"
: &
* = lA%
( VL2N
: K
= #* ' i $g & & :1 2 .
VL2N -
: K 2
. ' "= | = - #0
a - #*
D
#1 K% h K= i $g & W C P ;
&
"
: &
- / * =
.
& W1 9 #0 #*
VL2N W2(- WX <
: K
; - = .
VL2N - = i $g i 9 . -& :1
: K
; .
. = L!
< W C P ;#1 K% ' D
& #
#N #0 #*
"
: &
BABA = "% d "=
VL2N = :1 2 . -& * : K
"= ;3 .
H ' W2(- WX < . -& '#= :1 ;% E C% 6
VL2N #*
: K
; 4 .
.
) " & ' %(
0!' /, .
#*
"
: &
"@- #0 -
BABA = "% d "=
BABA * : $ * "=
& W1 9 #0 #*
- =
)
"
: &
* =
( VL2N : K
.
:1 2
-&
VL2N - = i $g i 9 .
: K
#* W C P ;#1 K% 2 . "= BABA
* "% d -&
VL2N i $g i 9 .
: K .
a 2 W- =
D
;#1 K% h
= i $g & W C P
) H 5 2 .(
&
.- " .( '- # )
* + ,
. /
B - D "
H 5 3
;9 - / 5= 8 . - =
& C P W - < . D
$8 "= 5 C 8 ‚ "= & #
= .
a D
:3 ;
31 / 0
Rf= 34 / 0
Rf= :
= .
& C P . - = :A
W - < . D
#* "= | = & #
"@- #0 -
#N .
"
: &
"= * =
"% d
BABA
:
= .
= W & C P #* ' 34
/ 0
Rf =
31 / 0
Rf =
;9 #=
D - = " A "
)
"
: &
: $ * "= * = (
W1 9 #0 - = (D)
. 8 *
#=
.
= W & C P 34
/ 0
Rf =
#0
9 * T & #* ' = " A W1 D
# = W
= G#Kd .
efg de ab ab b
efg cd
a
bc bc
g fg g def g de g defg g defg
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
//
! " # $ % & % !'# ( )%
BABA Nematode+BABA
Healthy plant Nematode(control)
H 5 1 - #[f*
#* = # P 2=
R
#9
BABA) ( < W C P ;#1 K% = D
#N "/ & #
"/ 0 1 * "= 1P .
' !
* "9 '#6 # 4 H
:
= .
. !
. V a H P _ 9 =
&
H ƒB9 ' 5
% VL2N : K .
;#1 K%
< W C P D Uq4 M ##•* M Y "= & # 475
"A#8 2 :)#
i 0
;9 / '# * <
.
hi bcde ab abcd bcde
ghi abc a
bcde defg
i i hi hi
hi efg cdef fgh i hi
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
*/ /
! " # $ % & % !'# ( )%
BABA Nematode+BABA Healthy plant Nematode(control)
5H 2 -
#9 R #* = # P 2= #[f*
BABA) ( :)< W C P ;#1 K% = 5 %
"@- #0 "/ & # D
#N . - 0 1 * "= 1P
"/
.
: H* "9 '#6 # 4 ' !
= .
H V a . . !
ƒB9 'H &P _ 9 = 5
% VL2N
: K .
:)< W C P ;#1 K%
5 % Uq4 M ##•* M Y "= & # D 515
:)# "A#8 2 / '# * < i 0
;9 .
D C B A
5H 3 -
"@- #0 & # D < W C P : = & % 2H1
"= 1P #N . -
" "/ 0 1 *
= : &
= P " A BABA
W1 9 #0 I#* * "= "D :A
"% d "= *
BABA
:B BABA
:C D * : W1 9 #0 .
Stacking gel
Resolving gel
31 / 0 Rf=
34 / 0 Rf=
:B
& C P . - = W
- < . D
#* "= | = & #
"@- #0 -
#N .
"
: &
BABA = :
= D
"
P #* '
= W & C 34 / 0
Rf = 31 / 0
Rf =
#=
;9 D W1 9 #0 = " A "
= W & C P
34 / 0
Rf =
#1 a ;9 G#Kd # = W1 9 #0 H
"
' * = #*
D - / "4 * 5= 8 W .
o<
:
*
;% 0 "X#2 D
W & C P ' "
H W # . -
. 2/#= ;# - #0 :! %
.
:C
#* "= | = : & C P . - =
"@- #0 - .
#N
"
: &
* =
) - ( :
= D
"
"% d "= * #* = " A
BABA
& C P W -
&
* T D 2 - 2(#Kd W .
:D
W1 9 #0 "= | = : & C P . - = :
= .
= W & C P #* ' 31
/ 0
Rf= 34 / 0
Rf=
# =
#= G#Kd .
=(
# = "$4 - #0 H
W # 0
l9 * -
I#9P . - H
# H : S 1 C#% M ##•*
H
$ P : $ :
Z "= ] A1 D
:) W C P - * D
#0 :! % M 3#
K%
: . C2 9 E C% = ; A ] A1 H
& .
# # : D :Z "
H
& . D E
#@#< . -
: M Y =C# #0
O* `! = #0 R
W2 #9
#0 :! % :
0 .
& . # = D
;#- "
") 4 & : # * <
W C P - < :! % . D
& #
' * ' = 9 #1 * : # 6#1 % )
. - 9
C#%
H
: # # :
( D
"
q<p (
#0 ;% =
;1 N "/ 0 1 * "#)!
. :)!
Wc
;% /#<
: $ . - D
= | 3* "
e O -
G)2F .
{9 <
& - ;9 # - #0 :! % . -
M !LZ D
"= k4 : W C P
-
l9 * ] A1 .
;9 _ 29 BABA
.
"9 '#= & #N "K1 B
* = # P C #
R
(F, G, H) #9 C &
G
(29 .
;9 nF/
D
"
# 2 #9 Z "= BABA
R
a - #0 D
; : D ;• (a ' & :/F=
# 2 #9 R D l9 * "
. #= 5= A BABA
. -
X :- #0 :
"#4 * :
D . ] A1 P = L!
A2 -
#1 9 ") 4& 6#9 . -
#)#
R
#9
# 9 4 R
* C# #9
H 5#
D
# 2 #9 ] A1 R
#0 :
(Cohen, 2002) = .
& j#AO* ' D
g :s A1 ; A . -
W C P - < . D
& # :)<
5 %
# D :9 = . = &
(29 .
W C P <
D
& #
! "= POX
R ] A1
# 2 #9 H
! "= : D
] A1 . = .
X . = #0 ; A
cross-link
O H W D
. d :1 )9 :
(Kuc, 2001) = .
W C P '
E C% `! = '# 6#1 #1 * : $ ")a ;1 N = 0 : . #= "= ; A
(Lagrimini et al., 1987)
.
D < 5 ! ' . = "
D
# :1 )9 & # "= &
H2O2
H
6#1 . -
(Van Huistee, 1987)
.
< W C P ;#1 K%
D
#* $g = #N #0 & #
$ * * 5 G)2F
* "% d "= BABA
8 EX 9 W1 9 - : $ * "= BABA
;% 0 . < W C P ;#1 K% :9 = E &P t 2 &
D
& #
29 '# g
| 3 : D
"
I4 E &P BABA
< W C P ;#1 K% E C%
D & #
;9 . W C P ;#1 K%
<
D
& K= & & & #
"
: &
Q *
a "= i $g &
D
or9 #9 N ;#1 K% h
-&
t * "= K= . D
;% E-
. ' D E- D
"
#* M "= -
"= :)#N 6 . - D
.
l9 * ; A ] A1 [ . < = :)#1 ;% 0 M Y : BABA
= .
< W C P E C% t 2 ' "= / D
& #
/
"
-
#N . D
= ")#9 = "
D
P.corrugata . 2
#*
^ 8 5= A =
Pythium aphanidermatum
(Chen et al., 2000) - /
Nandakumar et al..
(2001)
/ D
= = t = - #0 #* "
D . 2
Pseudomonas fluorescens
; A ] A1 "= X
# 2 #9 R
"#)!
Rhizoctonia solani
:
"X#2
;#1 K% E C% ; A '
W C P - . D
& #2#
<
D
& # :
= .
Premachandran & Dasgupta (1983)
? C0
D D < W C P "
D
* "= ; A < & #
spp.
Meloidogyne
;1 N .
;9 / '# @ -
D
;#1 K% M ##•* "
< W C P D
& # / -
#0 : # # #= M ##•*
& :/F= = E D
-
; A .
:
(Reuveni =
& Bothma, 1985)
.
Baysal et al.
(2003)
/ D
E C% "
- #0 ; A
"4 0 6 % :
"
: &
=
acibenzolar-S-methyl
"#)!
H
= D : 2
Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis
"=
E C%
: K < W C P ;#1 K%
D
& # D
& #2#
| = :
= . AO* '
#
@ - j
# K% ' W C P ;#1
:)<
5 %
# D - #* = #N #0 &
: b % q1 D
;% 0 8 EX 9
BABA.
;#1 K% E C% I4 '
- = P ;#1 K% W1 9 #0 "= ;3 W C P )
"
* = lA% : &
( VL2N : K
; .
' = = E C% I4 BABA
: K W C P ;#1 K%
)<
: 5 %
# D
&
/
"
-
#N .
* "#)!
M. javanica
: .
Zacheo et al.
(1993)
/ D
W C P "
:)<
5 %
# D
&
/
"
- .
"4 0 6 %
. :
D
& 2 30
"4 _ # )9 0 1 * 5= A
"/
: E C%
= .
;9 nF/ '# @ -
D
"
W C P :)<
5 %
# D - #0 &
"4 0 6 % A "= :
#= . & # = :
= W C P ' & #=
S * < "= ; A E C%
;9 - -
(Li & Steffens,
2002)
.
Williamson & Hussay (1996)
/
"
- .
"4 0 6 % :
"/ 0 1 * "= 1P
Meloidogyne spp.
S : - H
W # :! % . -
: 9 #0
D D ] A1 `! = "
W C P - : :)<
5 % D
& # D r#1 &u * D
: < & S D
& #
. : W C P EA :)<
5 %
# D ; A X &
. & #0
(Penisetum glaucum)
#(9 "=
e
(Sclerospora graminicola):c
# l9 * C
Raj et
al.
(2006)
[ M 3 .
=
;#1 K% M ##•* & P ;9 = t 2 "= "4 * W C P <
D
& # :)<
5 %
# D
&
E &P '
:
* ;(0 D
"= p ( "/ "= #9 & K= * "
"/ ;% = 5N y 2K#3Z
: N& `! =
"/
:
= 0
a D :1 )9 '#= ; . &
"/ ;% =
"= N H
: " q•*
9 .
a p ( '
D
;
=#
5#1 "= 0 H
'#= & `! = = :1 )9 '#= "
)9 =
# -
N : ] A1 `! =
;#1 = 2 C# :! % . - D
: : 0 .
=
9 * :* O * #0 5N "= *
#1 * * l :
D . "
E D -
"2 q0 [ : # # #= .
? N
:„K=
E D - k3B1 = : # # #= . D
E-
* C2 9 D M 3#
W C P - - "= :! % .
(Windham et al., 1989)
.
$ * * #* ' = =
] A1 C#
W C P - :! % .
POX
;3 PPO
"=
. - #*
"
: &
BABA = Z "=
: K .
D 2 :
= . :1 a D
"
] A1 E C% `! = BABA
< C2 9 D
& # :)<
5 %
# D . & C# "= &
: . [ . 2/#= M A#AO*
6 . BABA
" 0 6 "/ 0 1 * =C# - #0 . -
* -
. '# @
H iC#
5 ! . -
BABA
i&u #N #0 0 1 * "= ; A X
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