بررسی کارایی فیلترهای کیسه‌ای در حذف غبار و فلزات سنگین منتشره از کوره‌های قوس الکتریکی

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2 / 7 / 1392 - :

8 / 7 / 1393 (

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, 2 7 ; ? < # @=) 5-A 7>6B ,A

) 9

;- ,A 3 7 CDA

B * ,8 ?A

E- <

* +

$DB F G + / 1

; 5-A H @) I=2 + ., 01

< + . H+ J8K ;8 L68M6 8 + 78 78>6B

* + -= ) E- < ,A 7 9

. 85- # @8=) # 4 NO83 *P Q1 06) 9 * . 689

8R -RQ S68T * 8+

) (EAF <

, . , B 20 . 5- # 4 7A6 A . 69

* + X B - < Y 7 EAF

4 Z E+ [=-\ * + ,8 I T

* + -= ) E- <

7 9 . $-< * ,A -< Y

EPA Method1 X - 9 @ Y 7

EPA Method5 . $-8<

. ?-<

TCR-Tecora ,

.

; ? < # @=) ]=G Pb

Cd Cr 78A6 A Ni

. ?-8< 8<6B ,+ 8 =8% * 8+

VarianSpectr AA100/200

Y 7 ISO9855 ,^ ; B

8 , . 8+ -= ) ,8A 85A _ 8-A *

78 9 NO83 *

G

* + > ` . 69

* + 7 EAF ; ?A 6 58

/ 99 6 ,%

. * + -= ) ,A <

7 9 b 8) # @=) NO3 *

G 1 +

?A 6>

,A [=-\ # @=) NO3 * # $- * +

<

. 8 7 * 68 789 8 Q c F * 8+ -= ) 89 8M 3

7 9 NO3 * ]A 6 # @=)

7 ,^ ; - 9 7 ; -5 C B B Ni, Cr, Pb

^ Cd 3 / 96 9 / 95 4 / 95 6 / 84

7 < رد , ]=G 7R A . G

* + 6 - 9 1 * 659 ,A -< @ H9 > ` .

2 3 7=

:

; ? < # @=) # 4 7 9 -= )

69 * -RQ S6T R

.

, 6A*

;$=B e6f :

03517215668 09132575829

Email: n_mousavian@yahoo.com

1 .

#2@#

H @) - % 8 8 ,8 .

* 8+

88$=-\

885-A 788= >

.,88 01 688+ * 88+

B 8B i 8T j 8

,8+

. 8 78c^A 85-A *

L6A 7 7- / 6Q1 , )

. -8 / - % *

., 01 * + ; ? 8< # @8=) * 83 # 4 * /

5- 6+ 7 8

,8 9 . 8 A e 8^-A ,8

; 6+ k ., 01

+ 7 5 A # 6%

* 8+

8B

8 8 X5`

8 ji8B ,8A O/

8 lA O8G 8

,A68 )

Pöykiö et al., 2004

.(

H @) 79 ,A 5A [=-\ # Q c m 8

8

7 n68D`

m 8 * 8 8 A * 8+

* 8+

=T 8 T 2

=T 8 k= # 4 *6 7

.J8

8- 9 cT @ # 4 5

/ 2 B 8 8R ,8A

.

8% 2 8 ]A * o 6 k= # 4 ; . p2 , A ., 01 * + / ` -3 A

SO2

789

q6c< * 1

+ * +, ) 8< r 8-3

, K lB - % * +, ) @ A , 9

68` 8

I 3 ,8 9

(Tohka & Karvosenoja, 2006)

.

* * + , 2 78 8A # @=) F8` s

* $8 B

7 ,

# 7 * +, ) t6 # 4 5-A

,A68

(Soltan et al., 2005)

. 7889 ? 88< # @88=)

, 8 78-) / IR X < @ C 9 B 78

# 68%

T * 6+ k=

8 ,8 A 8%

# 6

., 01 ; - T *6> Y

+ I83 Y 8

6A , ; uc< 7 /

8A - 8 T ,

68>6 ; ? < # 4 C 9 B 79 # @=) C < B , ,A6

; 8 uc< 7

, <

.

7 6 8 68+ ; ? 8< # @8=) 6> =9

6+ 6>6 * + G C 8<

;8 8]=G H @8)

, % 2 9 <

8= k8 . 68Q1 k

-8<6K ZO> v$ B 8

68 . 8 + 8

7=f 79 < 94

* + 6Q1 8 G

., .,+ 5 8<

789 wQ 8 8) -85

100

= G b / , =

. e 8$ 89 69

7 I Q * 8 89 8

* 8+

-85 8 x 888

, -888 +

* -8885 888 G 888

,888 =

(Farahmand kia et al., 2009)

. ; ? 8< # @=)

, K .,8A # 68>6 , ,8A

78 l ,8B # 68%

8 8 lB ,8 A 6B ,8

78

*@=) # 9 B y <

H 89 ,A6 I , B B * 8+

k8 * o m @8

8 A -8

8 lA

OG F =9

,8 Q6B E-8 <69 # 6>6 q6c<

8o .,8A # 68>6 8< A * 79 , 9 ,

(Wang et al., 2010)

. # jiB # @=)

# j 7 [=-\ # > A - p< ; ? <

.,8 01 7-8< ;8 8 7 > 6 < ., <

8+

6 C>6

* + * 8 ; @ 3 * 8+

* O8G 68 ^) D2 #0p-` 7= >

e B 6` E+

6 6+

8 $ B #0p-` +

C <1 =T * +

E8<1 *P 8Q1 *68 =9 *,8 9

< L 6A ...

(Farahmand kia et al., 2009)

m -3 6

(Wang et al., 2012)

. F8 > 6

A06 ; ? 8< # @=) #, 8

78 8l ,8A 6B

88- 9 ) 885 K , 88< ) * +,88 )

88R @ )1

Apo2 CD2

68 -` 8 )

Dinis & Fiuza,

.(2011

H+ JK # 4 ; ? < # @=) ^ *

z8A {A A 8 * $ B / 68Q1 789 85A2

- % , 2

# 4 ; ? 8< # @=) 5-A

6+ c

* *

<

(Wang et al., 2012)

.

7>6B ) 9

;- ,A 83 78

C8DA 8 B

* , ?A E- <

* +

$DB F - 8%

78 n68D`

$DB F + / G + 8%

C8>6 H @8)

#pR5

#po -8

8) .,8

<

. ) * +, .,8 01 06) ;+1 , Q6B * 8+

4 ) Q1 G .

* ) Z 8< IR A b 9 *

b6 9

*@8=) * +, 9 # @=) <

( 8)

* 88/

)

NOx, SO2, CO, HF

885- (HCl

88 ,88 9

(Odabasi & Bayram, 2009)

.

* < 06) % +, )

79 , A 6B 85 i

# 2 ,A6 # 4 5-A ,A

: Z 4 78M T P 8

1. Degenerative 2. Nanchang

7 $88DB 88 =\B

F 688) 688A # 88 = 2 0 88 =\B

F

. <

(Passant et al., 2002)

. ,83 G , Q6B

1 8 2 P A ,%

69 R -RQ S6T

<

.

G C 9 B 7s / 689

8 8R -RQ S68T

|0688% 88 88< 88 }- L688A S 88<

88M T F

7 9 G ; . 69 7-) 7

# @=) * 6- I Q

1 ; ? 88<

Z 88< * 88 ]A b6 889

b 889

7 FQ@

~ A c` ,A K X -5

* + 6859

8< 78-) / T 7>6B 6 - % )

Lopez &

Lopez-Delgado, 2001

.(

88 + 788 788>6B 88

< H+ JK ; L6M6 ,A B , 1

7 9 * + -= ) E- <

* *P 8 Q1 068) 9 8

# 4 NO3 . 69 . 5- # @=)

* 8+

< R -RQ S6T 6

.

2 . # J

*@9 E- < X *P Q1 06) 9 F $DB * G F $DB

> ` * + / 2

689

. $-< R -RQ S6T 6

. L 8 I T

7A6 A 7 9 * + -= ) E- < *

* * ?A 8

7 =\B ,A, . , B H+ JK ; 20

78A6 A # 4

X B - < Y 7 ; ? < # @=) * 3 k=

7

, 1 <

. ? + 8 + 8 b 8lA

* 68 .,8

7 A *@

, 79 7A6 A

* 78 C8 B B

Z 4 * +

=9 [=-\

F 6 F Q 789 b6<

|0688 88 * 88+

. $-88< # 88$- 88

,88

7 . 69 C B B

+ T6 + 6 P 7

68

E88+

88 788A6 A E-88 < ,88 I88 T * 88

6 88< -= ) )

* 88+ -= ) 788 9

* ( b 88lA ,88

.

I * + 7A6 A . $-< H9 * *

,A -88< Y

EPA Method 1

,A,88 ; 88 B

)

EPA, 2003

.(

20 * 88 ) 88-= ) ,882 7885

*

uc ) cT 37

= cT - O$

1 - R (

7A6 A * 6 8< -= ) E-8 < 8> ` *

H89 8> ` + / 20

8-= ) ,82

885 * 88 ) 7

* 7A -885?A

1* * 88 88

1. Thimble glass fiber filter

7A6 A * + 8+ / 6 8< -= ) E-8 < I8 T G

,A, 7 B .

+ 20 -= ) 10 ,2 7 FQ@

8-= )

,+

F < * ,8 7-) / ]A B * c`

.

I8 T ,+ =% * + -= ) I + -= ) B 788A6 A ,88- * 88 . 88

1 * O88/

* 105 F>

-A <

* / 1

X85` 2 <

88 * 88 788 , 88< 88B v•88< ,A,88 p , -) / T 6B R <

7=% ) F= 8< 7 * 8B

9 8 ` 8< e - l 8T 8 AND

0001 / 0

b 88/

,A,88 8859

(EPA, 2012)

. I88 T

788A6 A * 88 . Q 889

. ?-88< 88 B 688

88+

, I% 3 .

H 1 ; { +

* 8+

-85A

. ?-<

+ b lA @ A ,

(EPA, 2003)

. 7A6 A * 8

k= # 4 *

8=) @ Q A1 X8 - 9 @ Y 78 # @

US-EPA Method5

F= 888< 7888 . ?-888<

. ,88A e,88 # 4 * 88 /

TCR-Tecora

# 688%

) / . E+

7A6 A * 8 @8 # 4 * 8

788A6 A 88+ 88 88 @88 A 88> ` 88/

. ,88A * 88 / ,88

. v88K 788A6 A e 88^-A * 88

* + -= ) 7A6 A

78 ,+ ., * . ?85 1

| ,88l 88+ -= ) I88 T k 88c ,A,88 8859

.

I8 T + -= ) Np-`

v8K 78A6 A

* 8

# 4 @

>

* 1 7 8< ., )

EPA, 2003

(

B * c` # 4 ;- k8 T

8B

# 4 788A6 A

* 88

,88 7 88< .,88 .

v88K

7A6 A @ Q A1 B l <

8R + -= ) +

,A,8 * , ?A X5` X B .

* 8+ -= ) 8 B

=%

7A6 A

* ., 3 789 ,+ 8 8-= ) ,82

| ) DB ,A,8 Z 8\-A

(EPA, 2003)

* 8 @ Q 8A1

# @=)

Pb Cd Cr

. ?-< <6BNi

[8 _ 8<

B ZO>

Varian SpectrAA 100/200

, 8< 8

Y k c

ISO9855

,A,8 68 .

Y

C 9 B 6 , < 7 6 1

X8 - A El3 , 8<

€ =G 2 X =9 , + El3

€ =G , <

<

. ,83

7 6 Y • \5B 1

b / R

<

. 7 68]

,A -<

k8= # 4 @ * <

78A6 A 78 8+

7 < Y ,A -<

b lA * <

, :

) 1 (

( )

^KPa

b

C C P

T c

 

 

 

= × + ×  273

101 325 273

=C

]=G ,A -<

k= # 4 .,

(mg/m³)

=T°c

/ * HR -A < C 3 ., /

=PkPa

6+ 5) e R< K6= 9 C 3

88 9 * 88+ -= ) ,88A 7

* X88 9 788 @88 A

Q F 1 7 <

, :

) 2 (

C C

C η = ¹− ²×

1

100

=η ,% 7 ,A

C1

= 7 * G ]=G * + -= )

7 9

*

C2

= * + -= ) 7 > ` G ]=G 7 9

*

3 . K (

* 88 88<

F k88 88-= ) ,88A 88Q

F 2

G

* + 7 9 * + -= ) 7 > ` *

*

G 6>6 ; ? < # @=) ]=G @ A +

8<

,88 . 88%p`

F _ 88-A S 88<

e ,88>

* 88+

1 2

< ., E ] B .

< =>

1 .

$ % & ' () * =@ > A & B)3 &

3 456

'

C

$@- @ 7D

=%

) F>

(@ + G ( I% D

=@ (+

,=

3 mg/m3) (

=@

() *

٪

() * = () * J :

1 l $< ;+1

1 54 B

/ 51 594

/ 830 912

/ 4 41

/ 99

2 6 , Q6B ` -5/

1 14 RS1

/ 46 533

/ 1754 870

/ 8 49

/ 99

3 2

94 RS2 / 43 065

/ 3865 159

/ 11 71

/ 99

4 3

44 RS3 / 41 760

/ 1267 105

/ 11 12

/ 99

5 M T

F , 1

42 SS1 / 45 000

/ 5460 232

/ 14 74

/ 99

6 2

3 SS2 / 51 000

/ 3000 488

/ 3 88

/ 99

7 3

54 SS3 / 56 000

/ 13700 334

/ 28 79

/ 99

7M T 8 I 9 <

1 61 CS1

/ 59 988

/ 5320 184

/ 25 53

/ 99

9 2

22 CS2 / 64 000

/ 3300 431

/ 24 26

/ 99

10 3

61 CS3 / 60 222

/ 1022 132

/ 9 11

/ 99

; ?A 116

/ 3952 828

/ 8 50

/ 99

< =>

2 .

$ % & ' () * =@ > A & B)3 &

/ 0 + 1 2)* 456

7A6 A

@=) ]=G )Cd

µg/m3

(

@=) ]=G )Ni

µg/m3

(

-= ) I T -= ) ,

-= ) ,A -= ) I T %

, -= ) -= ) ,A

%

1 34

/ 4 54

/ 0 55

/ 87 93

/ 839 80

/ 63 40

/ 92

2 50

/ 11 04

/ 2 24

/ 82 60

/ 1734 92

/ 56 72

/ 96

3 13

/ 14 13

/ 2 90

/ 84 30

/ 540 40

/ 16 96

/ 96

4 22

/ 6 02

/ 3 49

/ 51 00

/ 1701 96

/ 113 30

/ 93

5 88

/ 33 50

/ 2 62

/ 92 70

/ 759 00

/ 12 42

/ 98

6 66

/ 41 28

/ 2 52

/ 94 70

/ 1028 46

/ 15 50

/ 98

7 42

/ 44 34

/ 2 7

/ 94 10

/ 821 40

/ 22 02

/ 93

8 62

/ 50 06

/ 3 95

/ 93 10

/ 1501 70

/ 78 75

/ 94

9 42

/ 26 90

/ 1 80

/ 92 50

/ 1105 50

/ 85 27

/ 92

10 00

/ 17 84

/ 4 52

/ 71 00

/ 810 10

/ 18 77

/ 97

; ?A 2

/ 250 7

/ 24 6

/ 84 2

/ 1084 3

/ 48 4

/ 95

$

< =>

2 .

$ % & ' () * =@ > A & B)3 &

/ 0 + 1 2)* 456

$@- @ 2)* B)3

)Pb µg/m3

( 2)* B)3

)Cr µg/m3

(

() * J : () * =

() * =@

% () * J : () * =

() * =@

%

1 63

/ 182 66

/ 2 54

/ 98 00

/ 252 00

/ 22 27

/ 91

2 70 / 3381 20

/ 99 07

/ 97 00

/ 1819 00

/ 22 79

/ 98

3 68

/ 372 29

/ 19 82

/ 94 00

/ 1732 00

/ 18 96

/ 98

4 89

/ 106 94

/ 1 19

/ 98 00

/ 3423 00

/ 78 72

/ 97

5 27

/ 172 70

/ 12 43

/ 98 00

/ 2380 20

/ 124 78

/ 94

6 80

/ 2459 77

/ 14 40

/ 99 00

/ 3066 00

/ 31 99

/ 98

7 57

/ 395 00

/ 2 49

/ 99 00

/ 1169 20

/ 25 84

/ 97

8 91

/ 525 21

/ 43 78

/ 91 00

/ 1115 00

/ 75 27

/ 93

9 13

/ 151 81

/ 14 20

/ 90 00

/ 560 00

/ 23 89

/ 95

10 99

/ 129 77

/ 6 79

/ 94 00

/ 322 40

/ 28 18

/ 91

; ?A 9

/ 787 7

/ 21 3

/ 96 4

/ 158 7

/ 44 9

/ 95

#@88=) 88]=G 88 G E9 88B ?-88 + @88

; ? <

7

<

8< > ` * + / * ., 1

, . p`

% F e ,> _ -A 3

< ., . 1 .

+

e ,> 79 6 3

7l -A

* / 68

?- +

uc8< * 5

1 ; 8 ,8%

A .,+ 5 ]A 6 * + - K

6 .

< =>

3 .

$@- @ $ K- & ' ( L / 0( ' M% & '

Cd Pb Ni Cr 3 I% D

229 /

0 -0/138 0/030 -0/306 0/598

4 . M:

G ( 7

+ 85A _ 8-A 79 6 8

,8+

Q 83 789

6 88< -= ) E-88 < I88 T k88= # 4 88]=G 0 7 * <6- 6 8 +

F P 8 L 68A

7 Q 6

mg/m³

114 / 3952 . ,8A ,8 * 8 /

G ]=G Q

* + 8<6- 8 H9 > `

mg/m³

838 / 8 ,A -88<

[88 B 88<6B .,88

8 8 8 ƒ $3 <

) ,A -8<

888>

F 2 :

mg/m³

150 ( 888< 888- 9 888 .

; { + S <

E-8 < ,8A 7=8% 3 _ -A

7 9 * + -= ) *

G NO3 06) 9

* +

. 6889 88> ` * 88+

88 88R -RQ S688T 7

688

; ?A 50 / 99 ; B ,%

, 8 9 79

Z6=c .,

Q1

<

. _ 8-A 7 A 7l -A ;

7

<

` ., 1 H+ JK

< <6B 79 +

?5+ JK 8< 78-) / # 6% n6D` ;

7 7]3p I T 6 *

Z68=c 8< 8B .

8 7 68

R + * 6D e „ )

2010 ( e 8<

* 8+

1385 8 1387 88+ -= ) ,88A 788 9 *

*

1 8) 8% # 8lA ` 9 # 4 NO3 .

* 8+

e 6 A 15

/ 97 ,%

7 1 <

,A . 8>

=2

; 8 8` @ A == Q )

8<6 K 3

688 2 88 ; ? 88< # @88=) I88RB K

» ; 88-

X RB * + # @8=) # 85-A e 8- 9 * 6>6

1 # 9 B ; ? <

A + 7^

8 *,

88< ) 88M .,88

F 2 I88RB K

« ( ,88A

9 * + -= ) 7

* H k= # 4 NO3

99 ; 88 \B ,88%

. ,88A

(UNECE, 2013)

.

+ t -< 79 6 6

* 8+ -= ) E-8 <

7 9

* 7 Q c ., k 8c e6 T I T uc<

7-88 88T 88 ; 88- 88]-A 88<

7=88% 3 8 G # 4 NO83 E-8 < 8R= 2

6=c ,A Z 4 ,3

.

,8A 8< ; ? 8< # @8=) @ Q 8A1 _ -A 78 9 * + -= ) *

8 G b 8) # @8=) NO83

1 +

?A ,A 6>

* 8+

* 8+ -= ) # 8$-

788 9 * ; ? 88< # @88=) L 688A NO883 88<

.

]=G * 8+

* 8 6 8< -= ) E-8 < 78 *

# @=) 7 Q c 0 ., 7

,3 <6- 6

4 / 158 2 / 252 9 / 787 2 / 1083 88 b 88/ R

C R - 7

B # @8=) * 8 C8 B

Pb, Cd, Cr Ni

, .,+ 5 Q 3

v8K 8^ ; 79 F $8DB

78 9 * + -= ) 6+ >

* ,83 78 7

/ 44

7 / 24 21 / 7 3 / 48 88 b 88/ R C88 R -

, < > ` >

. E- < 9 C B B ; 7

NO3 * 6 < -= ) # 4

8 > *@8=) G

> ` 78

8^ 85 @) C8 B B 6

/ 84 4 / 95

9 / 95 3 / 96 ,%

7 # @8=) * C B B

Cr, Ni,

Cd

,8 7 < Pb

. E-8 < 89 ,8 s 8+

788 0 88= ` b6 889 @88=) NO883 * 88 88=

M 6 A H\

Q6 T I T R= 2 L6 l

^ + ,A -< 7 ^ 7 8%6B

,8 8>

85A 8 =2 .

8 =2 8 8`

(Most &

Veldt, 1993)

e 8 A ,A 95

* 8 ,8%

7 9 * + -= ) <6B # @=) ; NO3 *

; 8 \B

. ,A . ; =2 $=-\ I 0 ,A 6B

7= >

= `

@ Q 8 -3 468$A *@=) * + - 9 ` 6

1 + 8> ` 8/ * 8 , A c 6o3

C <1 H9 * +

8 8+ -= ) Q 8 -3

T @ O) , * +

8< ,83 [8=-\

r 88B * 88+

* 88+ -= ) -` 88< @88 B [88 „9

9 7 * , .

$"A 2@A

H+ J88K 88 3 88 88M 3

* 88+

*688 Q 88

b 88lA 88 *P 88 Q1 0688) 9 88 88

7889 ,

b 0 6` /, 6A

* R + , A * 8+

7A 88% 9 88 1 b 88- I 88< K ,88 R5B 9 , .

REFERENCES

1. EPA, 2003. Air and air emissions testing, part b: Hivol sampling to assess chronic hazard of trace matals in air particulates.

Field Sampling Manual, P:40-108.

2. EPA, 2012. Emission Testing Methodology for Air Pollution. Version 2, August 2012.

3. Dinis, M. D. L. and Fiuza, A. , 2011.

Exposure assessment to heavy metals in the environment: measures to eleminate or reduce the exposure to critical receptors.

Business Media B.V., 2011: 27-50.

4. Farahmand kia, Z., Mehrasbi, M.R., Sekhawatju, M.S., Hasanalizadeh, A.Sh., Ramezanzadeh, Z. , 2009. Study of Heavy Metals in the Atmospheric Deposition in Zanjan, Iran. Iran. J. Health & Environ., 2010, Vol. 2, N0. 4,240-249. (In Persian).

5. Lopez, F. A. and Lopez-Delgado, A., 2001.

Enhancement of Electric Arc Furnace Dust by Recycling to Electric Arc Furnace.

Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol 128, No. 12, December 1, 2002.

6. Mansouri, N. , Firouzbakhsh, M., Hesami, Z., Alimohammadi, I., 2010. Determination

of Aerosol Emission and Bag Filter Efficiency in Fire-Proof Products Industries.

Iran Occupational Health, Vol. 8, No. 2, Summer 2011:5-13. (In Persian).

7. Most, V.D., Veldt, P.F.J., 1993. Emission factors Manual PARCOM-ATMOS, Emission factors for air pollutants 1992, TNO report no. 92-235 (updated in 1993), TNO-MEP, Apeldoorn, Netherlands.

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