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1/ 2.(
A. tenuissimaA /%
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# L &#
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(Esfandiari, 1948)
. &#
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/ $2 !/:$Y
)
Vaziri, 1973
(
P /B .
1/ 2 ! 1NO A .< T U ? @/0& W &# !/9 $:
A.
alternata
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(
Baymani et al., 2002)
.
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1/ 2 ! 1NO A .< T U !/9 $:
tomatophila A.
A. arborescense
/ !/:$Y
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A& /0#
(
Hajianfar & Zarbakhsh, 2006)
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1/ 2
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% / / .) A#$/< -.)$) '. % 1<
1] "
# A U 2> A % 3W& A P B &
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Hoffman et al., 20021] " ? # #$B &# Y< .
A %
1[% .2 $2 j J$ q$< CD0 q$< $%
&# Q/ %
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A $@K.< S 24
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q$<
1/ &# Y< 1L ! % 1 K/ !/ &
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e # & $< # P B C.] ) A >
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(
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A. alternata A. 1 2
tenuissima, A. interrupta, A. arborescense, A.
brassicina, A. tomatophila
1 2 A &#
!9 $:
3
A. mimicola, A. humuli1/ 2
brassicina A.
A &#
-.0
! 0 ! . &
$2 . 1 2
A. alternata, A %
A. tenuissima, A. arborescense A. tomatophila
1 2 A &# pZB 1/ 2 1/0 < ` #H2 !9 $:
A. mimicola, A. humuli A. brassicina
'// #
'./O # A#$/< < ?#$ # ! B : A#$< 1YO D -./0 A &# <
!/ . &
1/ 2
A. interrupta A.
brassicina
1// 2 &# //< './/O # A#$//<
//. !//9 $:
$2 A& 0#
. 1 2 1O ] ' # &# pZ/B 1/L ! /%
$< I ?#$ #
1 2 !O $L= #
1/< / A %
! V.S ) T L J
.
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Beih. Bot. Centralb.
29: 434. 1912.
? //% .2 A A // .< T// U ?# // U 1//< 1// 2 '// # -.0 q$< 1 &# V @R /L . Y q$< ! . &
\ $< " T2 . .0 $ & I $)$. q$< T( : .
1 2 L I 2
0 5 ZL$ I 2 0 -.0 !9 $:
$9< /@:> Z/ FU /0 T/2 !/<p2 ? .:$: .< O
?#
$/W 5 /ZL$ ? /@L pB /< o /U 1@ / 'K >
I# <
I . # v $2 { : 1Z B | 1Z # ! . &
F//0# // ` #H//2 // #H// L
(Gasonshi &
Takanashi, 1973; Alvarez & Nishjima, 1987;
Hutton, 1988; Bashan et al., 1991; Ei Kholi et al., 1994; Simmons, 1994; 1995; 1996; 1997;
Lagopodi & Thanassoulopoulos, 1998; Pryor &
Michailides, 2002; Ma et al., 2003; Belisario et al., 2004; Ghosta,2004; Gruzdeviene et al., 2006;
Abdel - (El – Kareem, 2007
).
TN 1 (
Alternaria arborescense E. G. Simmons, Mycotaxon, 70: 356. 1999.
-.0 A &# ? L ) 1 2 ' # 1@ / $2 ! . &
? /; < q$< 1Z q$< ! #$8S i[. q$< 1;
1/ q$/< !/ . & I# /< q$/< H<$W q$< Y q$<
1 2 q$<
F/0# / ` #H/2 { : 5 ZL$ !9 $:
Simmons, 1999b; Ma et al., 2003; Belisario et ) al., 2004; Ghosta,2004
).(
TN 2 (
Alternaria brassicinae E. G. Simmons. MycoBank, 50502.
1 2$
FKL _.8 A %
/4B l/ 1/< PCA
A#
@ /% ' .
1 /
_./8 T/W# CD/0 /%
! FKL
L . 1 T.NK/) 5 / 1< ! # % A %
! . q % 1.O # A %$<
1 &# 1L A#
/ A %
! 1< FKL _.8 CD0
$/.; & A " >
A /%
q % &# . W <
! %
/ <
.
$/% q /% # /Y)
/) $.; &
20
!/ /U
/0 .
$/.E z6 / Y /% $/.; &
-YK !/ / /4 > ) L 5 < YK # !% 2 !O #
. 1 A 1L ! %$.; &
T.NK/) ! # /% A /%
A " ! 6
) 8 q /% Y<# @ % q % U
$/<
5 - 4
× 70 - 40 F///0# $///@ $N.
. q ///%
!~///.< ///%
3R)
A# # /< A .0 !E$
6 //
1
!/f$U / <
G/R< &# !W$< !O J < i !O J < B : A /%
@ % q % • $U .
q % ' # Y<#
% 10 //
5
× 35 //
20
! $@ $N.
<
.
q % 1 ^ $<
1L A#
q % '.<
! T.NK) % /
Y<# < !O 0 i) z6 Y ?>
4 - 3
× 5 - 4
$/@ $N.
F0#
. q % l 4B %
q % CD0 ' A#
d /S /%
F0# a ] .
?#$/ # &# /< '.O # A#$< ! B 1 2 ' #
A //< './/O # A#$//< ?> ! #H // .< // ` #H//2 -.0 1 2 ! . &
&# !9 $:
.
!/ 5 Z^# 1<
/0 .
$/<
&# ? L /) ? 4 CD0 1 2 ' # e< o 0#
F0# ` #H2 3 L
2007) Simmons,
).(
TN 3 (
Alternaria humuli E. G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 83:
139. 2002.
1 2$
FKL _.8 A 1 2 ' # A %
l 1< PCA
! .(0
<
. 1 3/% CD/0 3/% % T/W#
! FKL _.8
L . 1 5 /S 1/< ! # % A %
!/ T.NK/) / 3K/ F/O " 3L#$/) 3L /
.
FKL A % 3 q /% &
3/% ?# #$/: # /] 1/< !/ #&
1
1 / 3% ! # % A %
CD/0 / A /%
! FKL _.8
. q % / /0 1/.O # A /%$<
-YK
F0# 'N 1L #
3 - 2 z6 / Y / # < !O 0
//4 > //Y<#
4 - 3
× 60 - 40 G//R< F//0# $//@ $N.
A# # W ! 4@ # 3
- 1
@ % !b #& !2 . W .
$/%
q /% T8
$/.; & !/ #&
T.NK/) q /% -YK/ A /%
! . ) $.; & $%
10 j YK/ # $% q % 6
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! T.NK) q %
/ .
$/.; &
1/< q /% -YK/ A /%
S 1@/0 5
&# -/L$ A /%
40 - 20 / q /% /U
! . q %
3R) 1.O # A % 4 > Y<# < A ~.< ) !E$
13 - 9
× 45 - 25 F/0# $@ $N.
. A# # /4 >
8 - 1 / <
G/R< &# A# Y) !O J < i !f$U • $/U A /%
@ % W .
q /% &# !~Y<
/ !O /J # / /%
! . q %
^ $<
q % k 1L 1
!/ T.NK) % -
1@W i) q % - E# # < A#
q /% /.O ) % $/<
!// A&# 1// ^ A# # F//0# '//N 1//L // L
3 - 1
// < !b // #& !2 //. W .
q //% //J //) 1// ^ $//<
60
!// $/@ $N.
//0 . q //% l//
//4B //%
1//< T// A#
F0# d S ?> CD0 ' A$@ L W .
! / 1 "$
A#$<
Alternaria humuli
F0# K 1@W .
1/ 2 ' #
! #H / .< ` #H2 ?#$ # &# < '.O # A#$< ! B -./0 A /< '.O # A#$< ?>
&# !/ . &
5 /Z^# 1/< /.
! 0 .
? 4 CD0 1 2 ' # e< o 0# $<
F/0# / ` #H2 k&# &# ? L )
2002) Simmons, .(
) TN 4 (
Alternaria interrupta E. G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 70:
306.1999
TN (A)A. alternata -1 :
1 2$
7 FKL _.8 A &
:(B) PCA q % q % 8 %$<
! #&
:(C) q % $.; &
%
q % $.; & j YK # 8 q % %
TN ) L 1 ^ A %$<
2 A. arborescense- :(A)
1 2$
7 FKL _.8 A &
:(B) PCA
q % q % 8 %$<
! #&
(C) : q % TN !f$U !O J A % < q % !8D0 5 .bH) ) L 1 ^ A %$<
3 A. brassicina -
(A) : 1 2$
7 FKL _.8 A &
PCA :(B) q % q % 8 %$<
! #&
:(C) q % (D) % : q %
< $.; & 0 1.O # $<
q % q % $.; & j YK # %
TN %
4 A.humuli- (A)
: 1 2$
7 FKL _.8 A &
:(B) PCA q % 8 %$<
q %
! #&
:(C) 1[@W
q % q % $.; & j YK # 8 A#
< 1 ^ $<
/ 2 &# /< '.O # A#$< ! B 1 2 ' # 1
!/9 $:
/ $2 5 Z^# ?> ! #H .< A& 0# . .
o /0# $/<
5 ZL$ &# ? L ) ? 4 CD0 1 2 ' # e<
-.0 F/0# / ` #H2 ! . &
Simmons, 1999a; )
Taheri-Ardestani et al., 2008
).(
TN 5 (
Alternaria mimicola E. G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 55:
128. 1995
2$
1 FKL _.8 A 1 2 ' # A % l 1< PCA
4B
@ /% ' A#
. 1 /
T/W# CD/0 /%
! !U Y 5 S 1< FKL _.8
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