! " # $ % & '
(! ) * + ,
- ". ! /
0 12 3 .24 .*
! .245
67 +2 2 9 .: 8
!" # $% &'(
)
* + , !" # $% &'(
- . /0 0* ( 1
'(
, !" # $% &'(
Email:[email protected]
23$, 1 45 )-54 -46
7 '(
, !" # $% &'(
!
"
#$
%
&
&'(
)* * !
"
'+
. 8 9* , 1
:
;
; -54
< *=" 9* , 1
-
; 7
; -5 0.2 ;
.<
>/
?@A B C D EF
*G>
H IC JI$+K I L(
MI(
IC 2 N I C H IC
O(P C Q R N ,
$ B S T( U R +0N
V*
?W X Y Z
* X I ,
DI Z
OX , 'N [ C
2*
O\ ] O0* ^ I T( I U RI +I0N I Z Y ?W IX * IN
O ( . \B 2 N Z [=F
) _ D B $N 7
_ Y D B $N H C
>
= O+ " ( Q ` Q '* Y> /
a , I L( * C +N B I Y pH
U I , OI IL$S
$ B b N ,
?W X Y
# ( ?=X H c
) _ D B $N 7
_ D B $N , H + +B + d
e . f H C ):7 )64 B # ( + ( (
! (> * ( C
V + I # I, !* H I Y 3+
=" Q 8 B *
+
<
[=F/ b N , C +' . \B 2 N ,
T( U R +0N I'( IRZ DI Z [=F gC
O pH H b N , [=F T( U R +0N
h . I\B 2 IN :
I > I c* !IB I ?=IX
B * cC N ?W X Y cC N *G> L$S Q \ ]
?=X V + Y \R,
# OIX OR . H
?W X C >
H C T( I U R +0N H Q R N , 2* ?=X '( ! ( # , !*
I
i ( B . H
H . \B 2 N )
_ D B $N
* I &(G . 7
_ DI B $N I i I( B . I Y I
42+!
2"
1 . \B 2 N ?W X C + b ?=X B j T( U R +0N
, OI I
HY O T( U R +0N Y ?=X a H C +N B
%
*!&* IX
Y I N
[=IF I Z
$ B Q R N , 2*
N 3+
0>
<
.2
# , !* $ B Q R N , . \B 2 N T( U R +0N ?=X/
?=X
:
[=F $ % H O0* ^ )
_ D B $N 7 _ O ( . \B 2 N , D B $N
. L( k* 8 Y H 0 Y J$+K H C L$S $ B Q R N ,
=S N HY V + G . SY , k* 8 +" k* 8
$ B H C 2*Y , 2 l C C &'*G " V + @"
( 0*Y
m ) n 2 o gC Q R N , 2*
( ,
D B ?> c N Y $N H C cN B> O*! , O$ O
$N EF > ( Y . f X
( ,
m - n
&+0 p ( O $ B Q R N , @F.
?> p R S D B @F . q H 5
; ::
+ #
) _
D B $N )4
+ #
L( D B H C r* O OX ,
Q R N , 2* 0*Y > H * " ?> @F
( Z (G f Q O
Z ?> k s* f Y
+0C (G f H C B 0 , . ^+( O m
7 n
L$S +F H *=" ( O*! , D O Q R N , 2*
*G> % O 2 * " H C
] 0*Y * H H C
( O+
m h n O( &+K H C ( + kA bR ON
(> H H * > 0*Y j 3F t( P>
(EPA) ( + Q R N , 2* H
Ou mg/L
m n DRZ * $ B Q R N , O > H C ?@A B 2*
O $K, Y ( O 3`, ( *=" k O
* 0N .@F e K+ *P O 3`,
D B [=F H 2* + * + H
+0C ?@A B Y $ B Q R N , m
: n G O *!C L( ,@ '
v ( ] R( X QG ` , 2 * " (
N H C +N B C < 2* Y E\ N H
+0C O ?=X HP , * *! B H C * B
O+B Z O\ ] . o \ f
m 6 5 n
O 3`, H H Z b , ] ?=X
+\ 8 &( H 0"
H * B ] ?=X
> f ON
V* X ( ?=X H
'N ?W X V* $ w ] O . $
* k ,
k* H `+Z * B 2* .
* O 3`, i C
m 4 n
* D O .
D* , S G ( 2+ ( + D ' L( H C
O G * N > H C H C ?W X Y 3+ H
X ?=X m
h n
?@A B Y C D B $N C D B [=F H H *Y H C ?W X ( O+B Z 3+
> 2* + + Y * . \B 2 N
C H C *G> [=F H *G B j ?W X 2*
N >
Z 3+ g\f M(
DK$K, ! G \ DK$K+ 0 . \B 2 N
>
-/g hcm
; qN F > +0N H +
h 8
Q W !* H _
- + $ m
4 n
?W X 2* Y
\]^ Q 8 O ( J$+K x ^( H C O( O 3`, +' 3+ > Q R N , g\f . + N H $`B
m n . \B 2 N O * X 0 ] H C ?W X Y *
O , HG H C O *!C D O+ . +
> y F X G O *!C [ 8 O Y ( >
m n
<@,
Z Y H C ?W X Y , D RZ Y \ Rf
( + m ) n o u N O+0C "
m - n gK, " H C 'S
Y + o z m
7 n
> H C *G> [=F L O
6
!* '( 'C r" $% O $`B
3+
2*
+0N Q 8 O T( U R Y 3+
> H C *G> ] ?=X X
O + D O
Z Y H `+Z
g F cC N ( ,
D '
> kB H F , C cC N
m n s ^ , s sRf
$ HG H + m
R* ^, )4 n{
H *Y ?=X Q Z > O
C m ) n U R +0N * N O0* ^ A F O\ ] Y [ C 2*
2 N Z Y U + ?W X V* % O T(
\B [=F H , ?W X V* % O O ( . )
_ D B $N
7 _
> . $ Y D B $N cC r" 2*
a ,
U , Y L( J$+K H C +N B O L$S O pH
* O\ ] ?=X ! H ?W X Y *G>
V +
OX OR . OX OR QG \ Y 3+ ?=X
#
* D $ , H W W 3(
?=X H C . 2 l C
3+ ?=X O \ ! (> H i ( B * &(G
= H C ?W X * N > ON , p ( Y O\ ] 2*
U R +0N T(
2 N . \B H C . $ ?=X
V ++
) _ D B $N 7
_ D B $N
O+B Z
U R +0N Y T(
O^]
.
* 2 N . \B
H , N
Merck
Z 3+ >
+B Q '* Y>
# , DF N O Q 8 O+ " (
H V*
! C ' o m n H
&'* Y>
m C
)h± n
# ( H $ pH
c* Y>
,
V* * $N
*
0N C
g*
; 4 . (
* g L , m
pH
. +
HQ40d, USA
* ^ H Y ( n )
_ D B $N 7
_ H + +B + d &+ , D B $N UV-visible
EC
7400, England CECIL
e . f b , , O ):7
)64 B # ( + ( ( m
h 7 n V ++ . $ O , H
! ( * ]^, ?>
C ] Y H $X X
3+ C Y Q '* Y> Y H Q '* Y>
C H
?W X O Q 8 O( X
# ( Q '* Y> Y V* C.
> O * ^ 2 &( ^ O+B # ( ,
% O
| * ( !
+ Q },
?=X ) _ DI B $N 7
_ DI B $N H I ( Y
JIIII$+K U IIII , m
h h -4 7h 4 )4 64 )74 -44
O^ Z n mpH ) h : 5 n J$+K H C L$S m
h4 44
)44 -44 744
+ # $
n Q '* Y> # ( +
B Z
IC 2 I, IL OI I INW D Z
O+I OI&( I a H IC + " I&* N= H C + " Y # N Y
\,
?=X IC bI N , H
IC VI*
Y I W X
* ( O L$S ?=X O pH
?=X B j . I
> O C ?W XY V* C H ?=X +
* N
I( * O0* ^ gC K+( Q R N , ?=X ?W X OI$F
# Q I'* Y>
. I\, m
# I, !*
n I
* I^
JI$+K
II W X m 7
; 4 -7
; 4 )6
; 4 ))
; 4
; 4
; 4
# II n
* II^
Y H C +N B O I # ( L$S pH
H I tdI
?=X i ( B * &(G (
?=X ) _ D B $N
7 _ D B $N H
C V*
Y W X O\ ]
Z
B H OR B j
?=IX Y I
[=IF ) _ DI B $N 7
_
DI B $N Y
OI]
m n m ) n 3+I I qeq
?=IX I B j
5
[=F $ % H O0* ^ )
_ D B $N 7 _ O ( . \B 2 N , D B $N
?W X # $ B # & $ b0F Ct
Co
OI bI , ,
L$S O
L$S
$ B Y b0F t
$
# I
+ g F V . $ bI0F I+
?W IX # IXM I
b0F
# m
: 1n
m
n m
) n
DI $ , IL OI 2 I \,
#! ( I . I+ N H C I * B
?=IX
] (
?=X
~]
* I c IN I*
#! ( I
H C W I3(
?=IX ) _ DI B $N 7
_ +I0N H DI B $N
. OIX ORI V + I H IC . . \B 2 N T( U R
I +B IZ 3+I H W W 3( # OX OR
. V + OIR, .
• IB I 2I*
I OIN
% I
Q }, g0X
DIF ( I I I Y OI If g ^+I0
b + Q },
L$S p R
^ I ?W X
Y
# B. ] V + OIR, . OI Q I8 I*Y
'(
m 6 6 1n
n-m
q qeq
^ ) _
* D B $N 7
_ H Y OI I ?=IX DI B $N
I Y ?W IX # I C I . I\, I F t
I ak
. OR, V + . + OR,
#
• B 2*
I OIN I * B
?=X D Z . + N O O$
?=X
* I
# IB. I]
V + OR,
# H
?=IX ) _ DI B $N 7
_ I DI B $N
H . I\B 2 IN T( I U RI +I0N OI
Q I8 I*Y
m h 1n
! n7m
ON )
# OX OR V + b* AK
?=X 2I I OI O$ I I * B W I3(
W H
!I (
. + N ON
O Q 8
*Y m 6 )4 1n
"#! $ % nhm
OIIN Kp
II a
% II W II3(
W H bII0F
mg/g.min1/2 aC
W 3(
W H
. H IC
# I, !*
H I*Y H I DI $ , H IC
I ,
J 8 , . \,
?=X (
* &(G i I( B
2 I ,
X 2*
. C H C * Ou kX
O g0 (
?=X
€ ] DI* ,
?W IX J I8 ,
H IC
,
?=X O N (
m ) n
# , !*
i ( B
• IB VI*
~]I 2& C I(
I kI*Y , I S
+ * Y
H
?=IX H
~]I I I I*>
.
sRf . i ( B
* B
?=X , O \
*Y J* \,
m )) n
( )
eq( )
f( )
Ceq K nq 1log
log
log = + n m
OIN
>
Kf
I B j
?=IX IL$S
IF Q I 1/n
?=X ] Ceq L$S
\, b0F
I+ I # $
.
&( 1/n
&( &o
* B ON
I 4
• I 1/n
I * B
? $] I(
I'
*=I" (
<1/n <
4 I * B I
? $]
* B1/n
? $] ( m
)- n
.
* &(G D
, A B ON
?=IX VI, OI*G H
~]
* [=F
Q a D ^+
. H C
?=X
:4
!* '( 'C r" $% O $`B
[=Fn{m U , YmO^ ZnGAC 2-D B $N
GAC D B $N4-
+0N U R T(
D B $N2-
+0N U R T(
D B $N4-
'(
C OI \
* I &(G OI
Q I8 I*Y I
m )7 )h 1n
& ' & n:m
( qN IF OI x b , , O ON ( * &(G H C + "b
I( ?=IX &+0R C HP ( ?=X B j OI`K'
I
# , !*
* &(G a
H \ O
# ( + I"
. I\, (RL)
m 7 ) n1
0
L 1 bC
R 1
= + n6m
RL
&(
p (
# , !*
? I$] ?=IX H I . RL
4
? $] ( ?=X H RL
I] ?=IX H
• RL H I
' D Z S ?=X 4
• RL
H I > ! I(> OI Y I ( T* I+( OI ^ p IA OX , ON (> Y + ( H C
>
DF Y Q '* Y> J$+K
T* +(
DI8 F Y
! I(>
H IC OI( ( kI X
H >
I
* I
H C + "
Y ( H I OI VI N
# I(
!IB Excel I
O*! , D $ , Z B .
< + T* +(
?=X U , Y
) _ D B $N 7
_ 2 N H D B $N
T( U R +0N . \B D
C '(
!
[=F ) _ D B $N 7
_ O T( U R +0N , D B $N b , ,
h
; :- {
; 6 {
H ^ 2* ON 0 F 2*
O ( . \B 2 N
; 5h { 7
; 5 { ) _ D B $N +B
O R0( H , g R 7
_ C '( D B $N
?=X 7 _
T( U R +0N H gC . \B 2 N H gC D B $N
k* 0
Y 4 O F . \, O O^ Z
) _ C O ( . \B 2 N H . \, Y D B $N
Y 4
Y 2* T( U R +0N H O^ Z
)4 O^ Z
a ,
?=X pH ) _ D B $N 7
_ . \B 2 N H D B $N
T( I U RI +0N H ICpH
_ ) ] OIN I* OI\
D > T* +(
) Ou
?=IX I B j +I0 )
_
. \B 2 N H D B $N 2 pH
) _ '( N Q },
Y 4
; 7 , -
; 7 H 7 _ 2 I D B $N -
; 7 I,
; 7 I$
bI N , IC [=IF 2* +' ON B * O # # )
_
DII B $N 7
_ DII B $N :
• II pH +II0N II II
[=F 2* +' Q 3+ +B 2* T( U R )
_ D B $N
7 _ D B $N h
•
* D8 FpH I, 2 * " * ,G * ^
Y
?=X cC N O O pH )
_ D B $N 7
_ D B $N
?W X C
? 5 /
@ A ) ' B +C < - 9 2D ' (! ) * + , # $ %
E 2 pH F G mg/L
FH C0= I
:
[=F $ % H O0* ^ )
_ D B $N 7 _ O ( . \B 2 N , D B $N
qe(mg/g)
pH GAC D B $N2-
GAC D B $N4-
+0N U R T(
D B $N2-
+0N U R T(
D B $N4-
O L$S a , )
_ D B $N 7
_ [=IF I( I DI B $N
T( U R +0N ,
744 _ h4
# I $
+ m
D - n
'( T* +(
C 2*
ON O ?=X Q
\ , Y L$S
O . $ L$S c* !B ON H O( O
) _ D B $N
7 _ Y D B $N h4
OI I+ # $
744 I+ # I I$
[=F ! T( U R +0N H )
_ Y D B $N 75
; - OI
46
; -6 H 7 _ Y D B $N 67 :6
{ O h- - { IB * cC IN J
IL$S c* !IB I [=IF ( Q }, ! . \B 2 N Y 2*
h4
O + # $
744
+ # $
) _
Y DII B $N h
; 5h { OII :
; :h { 7 _ Y DII B $N 4-
; 5 { OII
5
; 66 { IB * cC N W IX IC OIN I0 F 2I*
?
I B j IL$S c* !IB I Q 3+ ?=X B f ( B * c* !B ?=X
?=X > * N ?W X J$+K * ^ T* +(
D $ B Q R N , 7
'(
! c* !B
[=F ! c* !B bR ?W X )
_ D B $N 7
_ D B $N U R +0N . \B 2 N H
T(
?=X c* !B
?W X ! c* !B +' ?=X H ( ! O x
,G H CY +' ~] F 0 Y VI* C H IC I a &+I0R C b* IA O x Q %@f
. IIX i II( B * II &(G II II
b* IIA
i I( B * I &(G # I, !* H IC . &+0R C
?=IX ) _
D B $N 7
_ . I\B 2 IN T( U R +0N H D B $N
?=IX I * B OIN '( O ( )
_ DI B $N 7
_ DI B $N
bI , i I( B . I T( U R +0N H I
I Q I3+ I N . I\B 2 IN H I Q R N , 2* ?=X
?=X * B )
_ D B $N 7
_ H I DI B $N OI . I\B 2 IN
N \R, i ( B * &(G H , !* Y b , , J
. IX + I Q I\ ] T* +(
) I I >
T* I+(
'(
OIX OR . O R0( # OX OR V + .
?=IIX H II II &+II0R C H W W II3( . )
_
D B $N 7
_ +I0N H I D B $N 2 IN T( I U RI
N gC B O ( . \B
? / 2D '
@ A K2 L # M B +C <pH + , # $ % < @N A
(! ) * E
G 2: - 9 FHmg/L
C0=
@N A 9 O
H P "
H +2 2 I
:)
!* '( 'C r" $% O $`B
qe(mg/g)
mL
4- 2- 2-! "
4-! "
? 8 / B +C < KQ 7 2D '
# $ % (! ) * + , @ A
E G 2: - 9 pH
@N A 9 2:
O H P "
H +2 2 I
? / (! ) * + , # $ % < @N A B +C <9 2D ' E
G 2: - 9 FHmg/L
C0= 2: pH
I
qe(mg/g)
C (mg/L)
2- GAC
4- GAC
2- 4-
:-
[=F $ % H O0* ^ )
_ D B $N 7 _ O ( . \B 2 N , D B $N
# .A 5 / R2 .! S!T < #. $' < 0 U *V!
# .A /
@ A W2+ 2 < #. 0. X K . < 0 U *V!
2" 42+! YM U + ( B ?=X H ( ?=X * B H +
H ( * ) _ DI B $N 7
_ I ( 2I* ( I > OI DI B $N
( I ?=X
. I OIN OI\ ] )445
[=IF H I
\ Rf H C ?W X Y * Y 3+ $ B Q R N , I # I (
Y 4 I > I OI^ Z )
_ H I, g RI I+B DI B $N O R0(
7 _ '( H + N ?=X ^ D B $N m
)7 n G +F
I+ N I @F D O H +B 2 o )
_ OI RI0( DI B $N 7
_
II II OII+B IIZ > H II$N OIIN II N DII B $N m h n
?W X ~] * + H pH a
!I
H IC Q I3+
a I, ?=IX I * B I JI$+K H ICpH
( = m )) n . \B 2 N H [=F 2* +'
) _ DI B $N 7
_
(! ) * + ,
( ?=X i ( B .
* &(G .
kf (mg/g)(l/mg) 1/n R2 1/n
Q˚
(mg/g) b
(l/mg) RL
R2
) _ D B $N - 4
; 4 4 75
; 5 h5
; 4 6 -
; h 44)
; 4 5454
; 4 7:
; 4
7 _ D B $N 57:-
; 4 : 46
; 4 5h7)
; 4 :4
; )h 4))
; 4 7:
; 4 5--
; 4
# $ % i ( B .
* &(G .
( ?=X kf
(mg/g)(l/mg) 1/n R2 1/n
Q (mg/g) b
(l/mg) RL
R2
) _ D B $N )64
; - - -:
; 4 6 )
; 4 ::
; ) 7
; 4 4:)
; 4 54:5
; 4
7 _ D B $N 744
; --h
; 4 577
; 4 746
; )4 47)
; 4 - 57
; 4 :h-6
; 4
( ?=X
(! ) * + ,
. OX OR
# OX OR
H W W 3(
qe (mg/g) K1
R2 qe (mg/g)
K2 R2 Kp
R2 C
) _ D B $N 5:
; 4 5
; 4 667-
; 4 h
; - 4-
; 4 55
; 4 h
; 4 7
; :
; 4
7 _ B $N D h6
; 4 4)
; 4 6-:h
; 4 -
; 7 )
; 4 7 1
; 4 h6
; ) -:
; 4
# $ % qe (mg/g) K1
R2 qe (mg/g)
K2
R2 Kp
R2 C
) _ D B $N )
; 4)
; 4 5-)
; 4 :
; 7 4
; 4 55
; 4 )7
; 4 4
; :7
; 4
7 _ D B $N 7
; 4-
; 4 65:
; 4 4-
; h 4)
; 4 55
; 4 )7
; 4 h
; :
; 4
:7
!* '( 'C r" $% O $`B
D B $N :
•
> O pH H
T( I U R +0N
h
• O ^ pH
OIN 3 , G +F
2 * I"pH
L$S H+ (> Y G OIN
OI IC DI B $N 2 * I"pH
DI B $N H ( * C , " 2* ( X * Q 8 N Z ?=X H ( b0N H C m
)) n 2 l C
G pH m
* $Z n H C * OH_
I H D B H C .
I N I I Z ?=X H C
‚ I+* ( I(
?=IX I ,
?W IX cC IIN I
II * m ) n II C ( II N m
4 n
OIN +I I I\ Rf ?W X V* H D B [ F
* $Z H C C D B
O D V (
*>
2 l C
D B
?=X
~]
?W X
! ( O 0N B D g*
Y
~]
?W X IX I I T* I+( 2I* !I ( I&* Q I\ ]
C ' m
7 n
c* !B L$S
$ B b N , 8
[=IF
>
cC IN I
* L$S H C gN
! ) _ DI B $N 7
_ DI B $N
O0* ^ H C
X H
~]I
?W IX I+ N I
G 2+B L$S
$ B b N , . $
H C
X H
~]
+ N 0 ?W X O +(
8
?=X cC N
* m h ) )) n
$%
c* !B B j
?=X
W X c* !B
L$S O
$N D B D O c* !B . I +F
U , 2 I
?W IX
?=IX ( I I I m 4 n
Nadavala Siva Kumar m
7 n Eugenia Rubin m
h n
( > Q \ ] ' T* +(
H I ( !I O x ?W X ! c* !B ?=X c* !B I ,G I * I^ +I' ~]I F 0 +' ?=X H IC I* I % I OI ?W X ~] ?W X 2 * " $ ^ . I$ I( Z I DI B $N ! p R C D B $N
G I ?W IX Y c* !IB I 2*
H I ( * ?=IX !
I * c* !B C D B $N
?W IX !I
; 4
!I # I
D8 F , k* . \, 2 * " 0 [=F m
)) n T* I+(
Q II\ ] OIIN II' Kermani. M
II C m
4 n
Gulay Bayramoglu m
h n II% 2II* +II II > II
C '(
?=X H C # , !*
* I &(G a ^ q max
DI8 Fb
( O \ Y Ce/qeq
D ^ Ce
&+I0R C b* A ^
(R2)
> >
m . X n
^ RL 2 +0 4
I,
? $] ?=X &( * ( ON )
_ . \B 2 N H D B $N
^ L$S c* !B C0
U RI +0N ON '(
?=IIX H II RII H II W X IIC . II\B 2 IIN T( II )
_
D B $N 7
_ I( > H $ Y D B $N b* IA I^
i ( B kf
] ( Y 1/n logqeq
D ^ logCeq
OI
II II !II ( IIC > &+II0R C b* IIA II C II a
i ( B OIN C '( ON F ^ O V* !(1/n
I b c* Y> * , ?=X * B OIN ]( I C
?=X * B NW
) _ D B $N 7
_ +I0N H DI B $N
b , i ( B * &(G . b , , O O ( . \B 2 N I o I* * k*Y , D O ( , 2*
H OI*G
. \B 2 N +0N ~] H . \B H C J
. OX OR O \ % a
k1
^ qeq cal
g Y ln
(qeq-qt) DII ^
II ORII t b* IIA . II 2II*
&+0R C (R2)
&+I0R C C '( ON 2 * " 0 R* ^,
> gN
@\
qeq,cal I I s I], . Y 2 \,
:h
[=F $ % H O0* ^ )
_ D B $N 7 _ O ( . \B 2 N , D B $N
^ qeq exp
(
?=X 2*
) _ D B $N 7
_ I D B $N
( ^ ] . OX OR V + .
^ Y DI8 FC
!I ( > &+I0R C b* A R( 38 H W W 3( O \ 2 * "
+ N +N B H W W 3( . b , , 2* O ( * B V + 2 \, OIX OR V + b* A
# k2
^ qeq,cal
. IX > T* I+( 2 \, . Y )
^ H I gIC . I 2I* +0R C b* A
I G I 0 O ( . \B 2 N gC T( U R +0N
^ qeqcal
O V* !(
qeq exp
Y ?=IX I * B H I "
c IN ?=X * B ON C '( # OX OR .
?W IIX H II ( II ?=IIX ?=IIX HY II Q II8 OII ( a
. \, O % O k*
* O H (G f Y O+ N %
m n
* B V* ?=X * B ON (> Y 3 + * ( O 3`, . + R* ^,
I > H C DI OI OI * I
H I , ?W IX O* % O . \B 2 N O , HG O *!C I+
I L( I 'N U + Z Y 2*!&* X H W X
?=IX I * B O * ] N ' " T( U R +0N )
_
D B $N 7
_ G 0 T( U R +0N H D B $N
. \B 2 N [=F ! m
HG 54 n{
Z D Z
Z' . ' 2*
D8 F O ^ I , , I^ ^ , w If OI ( I* " Y I'K
%
?=IX ?=IX H C * B * N H O0* ^
I > H IC . I$ Y $ B Q R N , [=F ]
? I`
. I , ( + Q !" # $% &'(
-65 IIN OII )h-) _ ):
_ 47 _ 65 II* F II OIIN II II
!" # $% &'(
IX I , ( I +I Q I
References
1-Bayramoglu G, Arica MY. Enzymatic removal of phenol and p-chlorophenol in enzyme reactor:
horseradish peroxidase immobilized on magnetic beads. Journal of hazardous materials 2008; 156(1-3):148- 55
2-Tepe O, Dursun AY. Combined effects of external mass transfer and biodegradation rates on removal of phenol by immobilized Ralstonia eutropha in a packed bed reactor. Journal of hazardous materials 2008;
151(1):9-16
3-Navarro AE, Portales RF, Sun-Kou MR, et al. Effect of pH on phenol biosorption by marine seaweeds.
Journal of hazardous materials 2008; 156(1-3):405-11
4-Rappoport Z. The chemistry of phenols, 2-Volume Set: England; Wiley-Interscience. 2004:218-232.
5-Bayramoglu G, Gursel I, Tunali Y, et al. Biosorption of phenol and 2-chlorophenol by Funalia trogii pellets. Bioresource technology 2009; 100(10):2685-91
:
!* '( 'C r" $% O $`B
6-Hallenbeck WH. Quantitative risk assessment for environmental and occupational health: 2 nd ed. Chicago ,CRC Press 1993:198-201.
7-Ra JS, Oh SY, Lee BC, et al. The effect of suspended particles coated by humic acid on the toxicity of pharmaceuticals, estrogens, and phenolic compounds. international Environment 2008; 34(2):184-92
8-Wu J, Yu HQ. Biosorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenol by immobilized white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium from aqueous solutions. Bioresource technology 2007; 98(2): 253-259.
9-Akar T, Ozcan AS, Tunali S, et al. Biosorption of a textile dye (Acid Blue 40) by cone biomass of Thuja orientalis: Estimation of equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Bioresource technology 2008;
99(8):3057-65
10-Kermani M, Pourmoghaddas H, Bina B, et al. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by rice husk ash and activated carbon. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2006; 9:1905-10.
11-Kim YI, Bae BU. Design and evaluation of hydraulic baffled-channel PAC contactor for taste and odor removal from drinking water supplies. Water research 2007; 41(10):2256-64
12-Banat FA, Al-Bashir B, Al-Asheh S, et al. Adsorption of phenol by bentonite. Environmental pollution 2000; 107(3):391-8
13-Rengaraj S, Moon SH, Sivabalan R, et al. Removal of phenol from aqueous solution and resin manufacturing industry wastewater using an agricultural waste: rubber seed coat. Journal of hazardous materials 2002; 89(2-3):185-96
14-Nadavala SK, Swayampakula K, Boddu VM et al. Biosorption of phenol and o-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions on to chitosan-calcium alginate blended beads. Journal of hazardous materials 2009;
162(1):482-9
15-Rubin E, Rodriguez P, Herrero R, et al. Biosorption of phenolic compounds by the brown alga Sargassum muticum. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 2006; 81(7): 1093-9.
16-Behnamfard A, Salarirad MM. Equilibrium and kinetic studies on free cyanide adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon. Journal of hazardous materials 2009; 170(1):127-33
17-Moussavi G, Mahmoudi M. Removal of azo and anthraquinone reactive dyes from industrial wastewaters using MgO nanoparticles. Journal of hazardous materials 2009; 168(2-3):806-12
18-Nandi BK, Goswami A, Purkait MK. Adsorption characteristics of brilliant green dye on kaolin. Journal of hazardous materials 2009; 161(1): 387-95
::
[=F $ % H O0* ^ )
_ D B $N 7 _ O ( . \B 2 N , D B $N
19-Ritchie AG. Alternative to the Elovich equation for the kinetics of adsorption of gases on solids. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 1977; 73:1650-3 20-Olgun A, Atar N. Equilibrium and kinetic adsorption study of Basic Yellow 28 and Basic Red 46 by a boron industry waste. Journal of hazardous materials 2009; 161(1):148-56.
21-Hii SL, Yong SY, Wong CL. Removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution by sorption on Turbinaria conoides (Phaeophyta). Journal of Applied Phycology 2009; 21(5):625-31
22-SarI A, Tuzen M. Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies on aluminum biosorption from aqueous solution by brown algae (Padina pavonica) biomass. Journal of hazardous materials 2009; 171(1- 3):973-9
23-Ghaneian MT, Ghanizadeh G, Gholami M, et al. Applying of egg sell as a natural sorbent to removal of red reactive dye 123 from sentetic textile wastewater. Tabib shargh 1388; 11(4):25-34 [Persian]
24-Senturk HB, Ozdes D, Gundogdu A, et al. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolu bentonite: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. Journal of hazardous materials 2009; 172(1):353-62
25-Nemr AE. Potential of pomegranate husk carbon for Cr (VI) removal from wastewater: Kinetic and isotherm studies. Journal of hazardous materials 2009; 161(1):132-41
26-Uddin MT, Islam MS, Abedin MZ. Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by water hyacinth ash.
ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 2007; 2(2):11-7
:6
!* '( 'C r" $% O $`B
Comparative Investigation of 2-Chlorophenol and 4-Chrorophenol Removal Using Granulated Activated Carbon and Rice Husk Ash
GholizadehA(Ms.c)1 KermaniM (Ph.D)2 GholamiM(Ph.D)*3 FarzadkiaM(Ph.D)4
1. Instructor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering ,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Corresonding Author: Associated Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Associated Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background: Industrial wastewaters contain organic pollutant such as dyes, halogenated hydrocarbon, phenolic compounds and so on Rice husk is a cheap material which is new available in our country. The aim of this study is removal efficiency comparing rice husk ash performance with commercial granulated activated carbon in removal of 2-CP and 4-CP from aqueous solutions.
Methods: Experiments were carried out in dual laboratory-bench scale to evaluate the effect of factors including adsorbent dosage, pH, equilibration time and phenolic compound concentration regarding the effect of selected pollutant adsorption for removing this phenolic compound and comparing these methods.
Spectrophotometeric measurements were carried on in wave lengths of 274 and 280 nm for 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol respectively. The adsorption parameters were determined using both of isotherm and kinetic models.
Results: The Results showed that the activated carbon efficiency for selected compounds was rather more than rice husk ash. However rice huck ash (RHA) efficiency for these compounds was comparable with activated carbon. It was shown that a rapid equilibration could be achieved at pHs as low as 5 and 7 for RHA and GAC, respectively. The adsorption efficiency decreased with increasing the initial phenolic concentration and decreased with decreasing the adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherm studies clearly indicated that the adsorption process is on surface of RHA and fits into the Freundlich model. Also GAC adsorption isotherm for 2-Chorophenol fit into the Langmuir isotherm and for 4-chlorophenol fit into Freundlich model. The applicability of Ritchie, pseudo first order and pseudo secound order kinetic model was also been investigated. It was indicated that both methods were correlated with pesoudo secound order kinethic model.
Conclusion: Activated carbon and RHA exhibit reasonable adsorption capacity for the phenolic compounds and as to the results, RHA was found to be a useful agricultural waste product for the removal of some phenolic compounds.
Keywords: Adsorption, Rice husk ash, Activated carbon, Phenolic compounds, Isotherm
