ﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺆ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣ ( ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎ :

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ﻙ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺍ

ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ – ﻲﭘﺎﻴﭘ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ )

۳۵ ( – ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ٣ – ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ١٣٨٨

ﺺﺻ ۵۰

‐ ۳۷

ﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺆ

ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛ

) ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ :

ﻩﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻬﺷ (

ﻠﻋ ﻴ ﻨﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﺿﺮ ﻲ

ﺮﺒﺗ ﻳ ﺰ

∗ﻱ ﻭ ﻭﺮﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﺳ ﻳ

∗∗ ﻦ

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ∗

ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ

ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ∗∗

ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻱ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺆ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻱﺩﺮﮑﻳﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛ .

ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ

ﻲﻗﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗﺮﺑ ،

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،

ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﮏﻴﻣﻮﻧﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

. ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ

،

ﻲﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘ

‐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ .

ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ

ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻞﮑﺸﺘﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ :

ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪـﻬﮕﻧ ﻥﺍﻮـﺟﻮﻧ ﻦﻴﻗﺭﺎـﺳ ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ

ﻣﺮﮐ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺍﺪﻧﺯ ﻦﻴﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻴﻠﮐﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺸﻧﺎ

۱۲ ﺎﺗ ۱۸ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﺼـﺤﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻞﻏﺎـﺷ ﻝﺎـﺳ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ۸۶

‐ ۸۵ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺭﺩ .

ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ( ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ) ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻏ (

ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ

ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ

‐ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ، ﻮﻴﭘ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧ ،

ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸـﻨﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﺮﺠﮐ .

ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ :

ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ، ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ ،

ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ،

ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ،

ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖـﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴـﺣﺍ ،

ﻲﻗﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ

The Study of Effective Factors on Robbery among Youth in Kermanshah

A. R. Mohseni Tabrizi^∗ and S. Parvin^∗∗

∗ Social Sciences Department, Tehran University

∗∗M. A of sociology

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ﻦﻳﻭﺮﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻲﻨﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ

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Abstract

This article is to study the effective social factors in teenager’s deviant behavior in Kermanshah. The theoretical base of the research is deferential association, social control, relative deprivation feeling and amomic situation of family, the methodology is casual comparative and the way of collecting data is by questionnaire. The statistical society includes2 groups: 1) experimental group including teenager jobbers committing robbery in Kermanshah 2) control group including the students from 12-18 studying in Kermanshah the findings show that there is a significant diference between the experimental group (robber) and control group (non jobber) based on family disruption, socioeconomic situation of family the range of social bond the range of relative deprvation feeling and the range of associationg with devianl people.

Keywords: Delinquency, robbery, family disruption, socioeconomic situation of family, social bond, lelative deprivation feeling, deferential association

۱

‐ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ .

ﺭﺩ

ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻪﻫﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺩﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮ

ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺪﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .

ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻒﻴﻃ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ

ﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻬﺑﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺪﺨﻣ ﻱ

، ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ

ﺕﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺎﺑﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ، ﻲﻠﮑﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ،

ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ

ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻣﺎﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻊﻳﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ .

ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲ ،

ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺏﺎﮑﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻢﻳﺍﺮﺟ ﺏﺎﮑﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ

ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻞﺘﻗ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺤﻠﺴﻣ ﺖﻗﺮﺳﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺍﺩﺮﻓ ﻡﺮﺠﻣ )

ﻱﺪﻤﺣﺍ ۱۲۹:۱۳۸۴ (

.

ﻱﺍ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮـﻫ ﺯﺎـﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻞﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺤـﺻ ﻥﺍﺰﻴ

ﻭ ﻥﺎــﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﺹﻮﺼــﺧ ﻪــﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ .

ﺎـﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺪﻗ ﺮﻫ

ﻪـﻨﻳﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬـﭘ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻮﻴﺷﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ،

ﻞـﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﻭ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻪـﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼـﺳ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﺩﺩﺮ

.

ﻩﺪـﻨﻧﺯ ﻢـﻫ ﺮـﺑ ﻥﺎـﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻪـﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﻨﻣﺍ .

ﺏﺎـﮑﺗﺭﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻕﺭﺎـﺳ

ﻝﺎـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺯﻭﺎـﺠﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻌﺳ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺪﺸﺨﺒﺑ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ .

ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﺲﺣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ،

ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﻦﻤﺿ

ﺭﺍﺩ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻭ ﺵﻼﺗ ﺪـﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻴﻌﻀﺗ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺕﻭﺮﺛ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍ

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ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ...

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ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺝﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺝﺮﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﺖـﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺰﻟﺰﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺑ .

ﻱﺭﺎـﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻝﺎﮑـﺷﺍ ﻭ ﻉﺍﻮـﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻱﻭﺮـﺠﮐ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ

ﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎ .

ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

ﻲـﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﻢﻳﺍﺮﺟ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﻢﻳﺍﺮﺟ ﺚﺤﺒﻣ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﺑﺎﮑﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ )

ﻲﻧﺎﻴﺒﻣﺎﺷ ، ١١٥:١٣٧٣ (

.

ﻑﺍﺮــﺤﻧﺍ ﻥﺩﻮــﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﺴــﻣ ﻪــﮐ ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﺪــﻳﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻥﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺭ

ﻪـﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﻥﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﭼ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻨﺟ ﺎﻳ ﻡﺮﺟ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﺳ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻕﻼﻃﺍ .

ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ

‐ ﺖﻧﻭﺎﻌﻣ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ

‐ ﺪـﺻ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ١٧١

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ١٣٧٥

ﻪـﺑ ٢٣٧ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ

١٣٨١ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴــﺳﺭ )

ﻲﻧﺎﺘــﺳﻭﺮﺳ ﻖﻳﺪــﺻ ١٣٨٣

: ٦٣ ( .

ﻩﺎﺸـﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺮـﺳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺎﺘﻣ ﻼـﺻﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺡ

ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﻲﻧﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ١٣٨٣ ﺪـﻧﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻡﻮﮑﺤﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺩﺍﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

) ٤٨٣ ﺮﻔﻧ ( ، ١٢١ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻩﺰﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ١٣٨٤ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ )

٣٩٦ ﺮـﻔﻧ (

١٥٦ ﺡﻼـﺻﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻴﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻡﺮﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ

ﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌ

. ﻩﺎﺸـﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ

ﺖﺳﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺍﺮﻓ ،

ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ

ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺸﻧ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺪﺘﻔﻴﺑ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺸﻧ ﺮﻴﮕﺘﺳﺩ .

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﺼﺣ

ﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺮـﻴﮔ ﻪـﻤﻫ ﺩﺎـﻌﺑﺍ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻮﺗﺮﭘ

١

ﻭ ﻪـﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺸـﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﺿ ﻪـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﮔ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ .

ﻱﺪـﻴﻠﮐ ﺶـﺳﺮﭘ ﻭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻇﺎﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺕﻻﺍﻮﺳ ﺖــﺳﺍ : ﻪــﮑﻧﺁ ﻝﻭﺍ ،

ﺖﻗﺮــﺳ ﺮــﺑ ﺮﺛﻮــﻣ ﻞــﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮــﺗ ﻢــﻬﻣ

ﻡﻭﺩ ؟ﺪــﻧﺍ ﻡﺍﺪــﮐ ﻩﺎﺸــﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎــﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ

، ﻪــﭼ

ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ

؟ﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ۲

‐ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ

۱

‐ ۲

‐ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ

ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ

ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘﺎﺗﺩﺎﻋ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺮﻫ )

ﻞﺘﻴﻟ ۶:۱۳۷۳ (

ﻭ ﻪﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﮏﻳ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻲﻠﮐ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﻗ ﻖﻄﻨﻣ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻥﺁ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ) ﻱﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻲﻨﺴﺤﻣ ۴۶:۱۳۸۳

( .

ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﺩﺮﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺎﻳ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ .

ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻠﻋ ﭻﻴﻫ

ﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲ

1. Epidemiology

(4)

٤٠

ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻓﺎﮐ )

ﮒﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﻼﮐ ۱۳۶۴:۴۸۴

( ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻫﺰﺑ ﺚﺤﺑ

ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻨﺜﺘﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ

ﺩﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺖﺳﺩ .

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﻴﺒﺒﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺒﻋﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎ :

‐ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺽﺮﻓ:

ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺍﺩﺎﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺾﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻭﺮﺠﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﺎﻳ ﻒﻴﻌﻀﺗ ،

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻭﺮﺠﻛ ﺩﺮﻓ .

١ﻲﺷﺮﻫ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ،

ﺖﻴﻟﻮﻐﺸﻣ ،

ﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ

Barlow1993:51-52) (

.

‐ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ :٢

ﺪﻨﻟﺭﺩﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﻭﺩﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺭﺩ ٣

ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﮐﺎﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﻞﺻﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ .

ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ

ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺮﺠﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﻛ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ .

ﺕﺎﻴﺣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻜﻫﺰﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ

ﺭﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗ

ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻭﺮﺠﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻜﺷ .

ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺷ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ .

ﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺠﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮ

1. Hirchi

2.Differential association 3^.Edwin Sutherland

ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ Hagan&Maccathy1992: 73-77) (

.

‐ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻧﺁ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ :٤

ﺩﻮﮔ ﻡﺎﻴﻠﻳﻭ

٥

ﻦﻛﺭ ﺍﺮﻧﺁ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ،

ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺎﺸﻨﻣ ﻭﺍ ﻢﻋﺯ ﻪﺑ

ﻣﺎﺴﺑﺎﻧ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻲﭘ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻥﺎ

ﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ .

ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﺴﺑﺎﻧ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻚﻳ

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺞﮐ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻕﻮﺳ )

ﻱﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻲﻨﺴﺤﻣ ۱۳۸۳

: ۷۱

‐ ۶۸ ( .

‐ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ :٦

ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ،

ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ

ﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮏﻳ ﻦ

، ﺭﺎﺸﻗﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ

ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻓﺮﻣ ،

ﻲﮔﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺳ ،

ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺳﺮﺧﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻣﺎﮐﺎﻧ .

ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﮐﺎﻧ

ﻱﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ،

ﻲﺑ

ﻱﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ، ﻪﮐ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﻮﮐﺮﺳ ﺖﻣﻮﺼﺧ

ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ﻭ ﻢﻳﺍﺮﺟ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ .

۲

‐ ۲

‐ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ

ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ،

ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻟﺩ

ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻱﺪﺟ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﺷﺮﻫ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ٧

4.Anomie and family structure

5.William Good

6.Relative deprivation theory 7.Serious

(5)

٤١

١ﻱﺪﺟ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ، ﻭ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻟﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ

ﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍ

ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ، ﻲﺷﺮﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺲﮑﻋ ﺮﺑ ،

ﻭ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻟﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻥﻻﺎﻤﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،

ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ Gundy2007)

( . ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺪﻟﺍ

ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺭﺪﭘ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﮏﻴﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺪﺷﺭ ،

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻱ ، ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ Elder2007)

( .

ﻡﺮﺟ ﻉﻮﻴﺷ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ )

ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ( ﺭﺩ

ﻱﻮﻗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻔﻃﺍ ﻝﺎﻔﻃﺍ ﺭﺩ ﮏﻠﻤﺗ ﺲﺣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ،

ﻲﻧﺍﺭﺬﮕﺷﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﺱﻮﻫ

ﻍﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺁ ﺭﺩ ،

ﻲﻣﺎﮐﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ،

ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻞﻐﺷ

ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺪﭘ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ،

ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺍ

ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ،

ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ

ﻱﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻑﺮﺤﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺮﺷﺎﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻲﻣ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

) ﻱﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ۱۳۷۳ ( .

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺤﻧﺍ ﺐﺴﭼﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻑﺍﺮ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺕﺎﻌﻓﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ،

ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﻲﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ

ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺐﮑﺗﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ،

ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻴﺑ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ )

ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣ ۱۳۷۳ ( .

1.Non-serious

ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺠﻣ ﺪﺣﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ

ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻗﺭﺎﺳ ﺪﻣﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ، ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺮﺴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺎﺴﺑﺎﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ .

ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﺟ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ

ﻩﻭﺮﮔﻭ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ )

ﺪﺠﻣ ﺪﺣﻮﻣ ۱۳۷۵

( . ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﻩﻮﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ

ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺏﺎﮑﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺮﺠﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺮﺤﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻕﻮﺳ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ )

ﺷ ﻩﻮﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﻑﺎﻜ

۱۳۸۱ ( .

ﻲﻧﺎﻜﺸﻣ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺳ ﺍﺮﻫﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﺸﻣ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺳ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻭ ،

ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ

ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ ) ﻲﻧﺎﮑﺸﻣ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺳ ۱۳۸۱

( .

(6)

٤٢

ﺮﻈﻧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻖ

ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﺭﺩ )

ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ( ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪـﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ،

ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ

‐ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ .

۳

‐ ۲

‐ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ

۱ . ﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻢ

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ) ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ( ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ (

ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .

۲ . ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

‐

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ SES)

( ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ( ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ) ﻕﺭﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ ( ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .

(7)

٤٣

۳ . ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ) ﺎﺳ ﻕﺭ ( ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑﺮﻴﻏ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ ( ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ

ﺖﺳﺍ .

۴ . ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ( ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ) ﻕﺭﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ ( ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .

۵ . ﺭﺩ ﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ( ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ

ﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻥﺎﻧ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ ( ﺖﺳﺍ .

۴

‐ ۲

‐ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ

ﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ : ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻲﺴﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﻫﺰﺑ ﻞﻔﻃ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﻊﻨﻣ ﺍﺮﻧﺁ ﺏﺎﻜﺗﺭﺍ ﻉﺮﺷ ﺎﻳ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﺐﻜﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻭ ﺐﺟﺍﻭ ﺍﺮﻧﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻙﺮﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ )

ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺒﻣﺎﺷ ۲۲:۱۳۷۳ ( . ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ

ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻫﺰﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ :

) ۱ ( ﻲﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻫﺰﺑ )

۲ (

ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻫﺰﺑ )

۳ (

ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻫﺰﺑ )

۴ ( ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻫﺰﺑ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ Cavan 1963: 44)

.(

ﺖﻗﺮﺳ : ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ )

ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ۱۹۷ ( ﺖﻗﺮﺳ

ﻲﻧﺎﻬﻨﭘ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻝﺎﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ )

ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ

ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﺠﻣ ۱۳۷۰

( . ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺸﻨﮐ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ

ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻼﻘﻋ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺮﻗ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ )

ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺮﺳ ﻖﻳﺪﺻ ۶۰:۱۳۸۳

( . ﻧﻮﻴﭘ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪ :

ﺩﺮـﻓ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ

ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻲـﻣ ﻞﻴﮑﺸـﺗ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ :

ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻟﺩ ، ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ، ﺩﺎـﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﻐﺸـﻣ Siegel 2001: )

(238 . ﻭﺮـﺠﮐ ﻥﻻﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ :

ﻥﻻﺎﺴـﻤﻫ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻦﺳ ﻢﻫ ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ .

ﺮﺗ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻥﻻﺎﻤﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ

ﻢـﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻚﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺷﺩﻮﺧ ﺹﺎﺧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻲـﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ .

ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ

‐ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ SES)

١( ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ : ﻪـﺑ

ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎـﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺷ ،

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ .

ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ :

ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﺿﻭ

ﮎﺮـﺗ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻦﻳﺪـﻟﺍﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺮـﻫ ﺎﻳ ﮏﻳ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ،

ﻕﻼﻃ ، ﮒﺮﻣ ، ﺖﺳﺍ ﻭﺮﺑﻭﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ :

ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻞﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﻄﺑ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻬﺷﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺭﻮ

ﻲﻤﻧ ﺩﻮﺷ ، ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ

ﺩﺩﺮـﮔ . ﺭﺩ

ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺀﺰـﺟ ﹰﻻﻮـﻤﻌﻣ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ /

ﻲـﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ

ﺎـﺑ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻲـﻣ ﺖـﺳﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﺘﻤﻫ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ

ﺪـﻧﺭﻭﺁ ،

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ

) ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ﺭﻮﭘ ،

١٣٧٦ ( .

1. Socio-economic status

(8)

٤٤

۳

‐ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺵﻭﺭ –

ﻱﺍ ﻪﺴـﻳﺎﻘﻣ

١

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ . ﻲـﻠﻋ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ

‐ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺴـﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﻱﺭﺎــﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﻮــﮕﻟﺍ ﮏــﻳ ﻲﻟﺎــﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺖــﻠﻋ ﻦﺘﻓﺎــﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ) ﺭﻭﻻﺩ ۱۳۸۰ : ۳۹۳ ( ﻲﻠﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ

‐ ﺎـﻳ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺴـﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻕﻼﻃﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﺲﭘ ﻞـﻠﻋ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺘﺴـﺑﺍﻭ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ .

ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺖــﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﻨﺑ ﻱﺭﺎــﻣﺁ ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ) ﻲﻠﻋ – ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍ ( ﻱﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ

ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ :

۱

‐ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ :

ﺮﺴﭘ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ۱۲

ﺎﺗ ۱۸

ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺐﮑﺗﺮﻣ ﻩﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

. ﺭﺩ

ﻊﻤﺟ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ

) ﻝﺎـﺳ ۱۳۸۵ (

ﻩﺎﺸـﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺖـﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ۹۶

ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ .

ﻡﺪﻋ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻦﻴﻗﺭﺎﺳ ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ

،

ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ۹۶

ﻑﺮـﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ

ﻞــﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪــﺷ ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ .

۲

‐ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ :

ﺮﺴﭘ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﻴﻠﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ۱۲

ﺎـﺗ ۱۸

ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎـﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﺱﺭﺍﺪـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﻩﺎﺸـﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤ

۸۶

‐ ۱۳۸۵ ﻞﻴﺼـﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ،

ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺯﺍ

۹۶ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ )

ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﻥﻮـﭼ

ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ۹۶

ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺴـﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺖـﻬﺟ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ

1 . Causal-comparative

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ (

. ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻌﺳ

ﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻢ

ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ ﻢـﻫ ﻪﻴﺒـﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ،

ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺪﻗ ،

ﻢﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻲﺨﻨﺳ

ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎﺸـﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺪـﻫﺩ

، ﻦـﺳ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻌﺳ ﻪﮐ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ .

ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺎـﮑﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ

ﻡﺪﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺏﺎﮑﺗﺭﺍ )

ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ( ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ

ﺮــﻴﻏ ﻥﺎــﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋــﭘ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻉﻮــﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻕﺭﺎــﺳ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎـﺳ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺍ

. ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ

ﺖـﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺡﻼـﺻﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﻲﻧﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻞـﮐ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ

ﻞـﮐ ﻭ ﺪـﻨﺘ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺷ .

۱

‐ ۳

‐ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺶﻴﭘ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪـﻳﻮﮔ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ

ﺭﺎـﮑﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻌﺳ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﻪـﮐ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻪﺑﺎﺸـﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ .

ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻲـﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺴـﺒﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻲـﻣ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ

ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ﺪـﻨﻫﺩ ۳۰

ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪـﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﮐ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ

ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨـﺳ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ

ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﻪـﻳﻮﮔ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺎـﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﺖﺧﺎــﺳ ﺩ ﺎــﻫ

ﻪﺘــﺷﺍ ﻩﺪــﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻑﺬــﺣ ﺪــﻧﺍ ﺪــﻧﺍ

.

(9)

٤٥

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ۱ ( ﺍﺭ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﮐ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ .

ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ )

۱ :(

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﮐ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ

) ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ (

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ

۸۵ /.

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ۷۶

/.

ﻥﺍﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ

۸۶ /.

ﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖ ۸۹

/.

ﻝﻮـﺒﻗ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺪـﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﮐ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ۷۰

/ .

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ، ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺍﺬﻟ )

۱ ( ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ،

ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ

ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ، ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ .

۴

‐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻲـﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎـﻤﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ

ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ :

۱

‐ ۴

‐ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ )

ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ (

ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ

‐ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﺨـﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ

ﻲﻨﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ۱۷

ﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ۵ / ۳۶ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺖـﺳﺍ ، ۶ / ۲۹

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .

‐ ۳ / ۳۲ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺪــﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ۸

/ ۴۳ ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺎــﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﻲﺑ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ .

‐ ۳ / ۳۲ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻗﺭﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺭﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ۱۰۰ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﻮﺗ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ،

ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ۴ / ۳۴ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ

ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺪﭘ ،

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻭ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ۲

/ ۳۰ ﺻﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮑﻴﺑ ﺪ

ﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ،

‐ ۲ / ۵۴ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧﺭﺩ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻦﻴﺑ ۴ ﺎﺗ ۶ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺮﻔﻧ ،

۶ / ۳۹ ﻥﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ

ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺪـﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻠﮑﻴﺳ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻞﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗﺍ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺐﮑﺗﺮﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻝﺯﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ،

‐ ۵۰ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻘﻓ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺪــﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲــﻣ ﺩﻮــﺧ ،

۲ / ۵۶ ــﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮــﻬﻇ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﺮــﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪ

ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎـﺘﻓﺍ ﻕﺎـﻔﺗﺍ ﺮﻬﻇﺯﺍﺪﻌﺑ ۳

/ ۵۸ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﻥﺎﻗﺭﺎﺳ .

‐ ۶۵ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺮــﻓ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﻕﺭﺎــﺳ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﺨــﺳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ۷۰

ﻞﻴﺼـﺤﺗ ﮎﺮﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻢﻫ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﻭﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ .

۲

‐ ۴

‐ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ

ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻴـﺿﺮﻓ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ :

(10)

٤٦

ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ۱ :

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ۲ :(

ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺭﺍﺪـﻘﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻝﻭﺪﺟﺭﺩ ﻪﮐﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ t

ﺎـﺑ ﺮـﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ 8. 14

ﻄـﺳ ﻥﻮـﭼ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻲـﻣ ﺢ

ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ 0. 05

ﻲـﻣ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺖﺳﺍ

ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ . ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،

ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ

ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ( ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ )

ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻏ (

ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

. ﺯﺍ

ﺘﺨﻴﺴـﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻣﺍﻮـﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﮑﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﻲﮕ

ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺬـﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻕﺭﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻑﺍﺮـﺤﻧﺍ ﺖﻤـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ .

ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ۲ :

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ۳ :(

ﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻩﺩﺮ

– ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ

ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻝﻭﺪﺟﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ t

ﺎـﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ 13. 54

‐ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﻥﻮـﭼ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻲـﻣ

ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ 0. 05

ﺖﺳﺍ ، ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ

ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ

، ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ

ﻕﺭﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ ( ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ﻪـﺑ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ –

ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ

. ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎـﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺖﻤـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﺟﻮﻧ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺸـﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ، ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ .

ﻧ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮ

‐ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ

ﻝﺎـﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ .

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ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ۳ :

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ۴ :(

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺭﺍﺪـﻘﻣ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣt

ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ -11. 72 ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ

0. 05 ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ، ﺽﺮـﻓ ﻭ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻲـﻣ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔـﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ

ﺩﺮـﻴﮔ ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﺪـﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ .

ﺎـﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،

ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴـﺑ

ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ) ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ( ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ )

ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ

ﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘ ) ﻲﮕﺘﺴـﺒﻟﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ،

ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ، ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻳﺍ

( ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ .

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺲﭘ ﻱﺮـﺘﻤﮐ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪـﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻲـﺷﺮﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻗﺭﺎـﺳ ﺮـﻴﻏ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،

ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻪـﮑﻧﺁ ﻞﻴﻟﺪـﺑ ﺍﺬـﻟ

ﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﺪﻧﺭ

، ﺮـﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻗ

ﺖﻤـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ .

ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ۴ :

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ۵ ( ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻝﻭﺪﺟﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ t

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻩ

13. 63 ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ .

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎـﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄـﺳ

ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ 0. 05

ﺖﺳﺍ ، ﻭ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻲـﻣ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ

ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﺽﺮﻓ .

ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﺎــﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘــﺧﺍ ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﺎــﺑ ،

ﻩﻭﺮــﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴــﺑ

ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ) ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ( ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ )

ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ

ﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮــﺟﻭ ﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺗ ﻲﺒﺴــﻧ ﺖــﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴــﺣﺍ ﺩ

. ﻱﺎــﻨﺒﻣ

ﺎـﺑ ﺩﺮـﻓ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﺴـﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﮐ

ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻴﺒﺑ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ،

ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﺮﮑﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺬﻟ

ﺪﺘﻓﺍ ، ﺎـﻬﻧﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﻭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺎﻬﻫﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ

ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲ .

ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ

ﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺩﻮـﻤﻧ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮـﻘﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺎﺸـﻧ ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .

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ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ۵ :

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ۶ :(

ﻥﺍﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ t

6. 11 ﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮـﮐ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎـﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ 0.

ﺖﺳﺍ 05 ، ﻲـﻨﻌﻳ ﻒﻟﺎـﺨﻣ ﺽﺮـﻓ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔـﺻ ﺽﺮـﻓ ﺍﺬـﻟ

ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺽﺮﻓ .

ﺎـﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،

ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴـﺑ

ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ .

ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸـﻨﻤﻫ

ﻱﺭﻮـﺌﺗ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﻲﻠﻣﺍﻮـﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﮑﻳ ﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﻭ ﻑﺮﺤﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻟﺭﺩﺎﺳ .

ﻕﺭﺎـﺳ ﻥﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻫﺩ ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﻕﺭﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﻭ ﻑﺮﺤﻨﻣ

۵

‐ ﺘﻧ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴ

ﺶﻳﺎـﻤﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺫﻮﺧﺎـﻣ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻩﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺖـﺤﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺧﺍ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻱﺭﻮــﺌﺗ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮــﺑ ﻥﺁﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﻮــﻣ ﻞــﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻭ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ

.

ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻕﺭﺎﺳ ،

۳ / ۳۲

ﻱﺪـﻣﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻕﺭﺎـﺳ ﻥﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ۱۰۰ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﻮﺗ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ .

ﺩﻭﺪــﺣ ۶ / ۳۹ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻗﻭﺮﺴــﻣ ﻱﺎﻴــﺷﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ

ﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻠﮑﻴﺳ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻞﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗﺍ ﻥﺎ .

ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ

ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻥﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻧ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺏﺎﮑﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻘﻓ ﻞﻴﺼـﺤﺗ ﮎﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ

ﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ

) ﻕﺭﺎـﺳ ( ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ﻪـﺑ

ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﺴﮔ ،

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ

‐ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ،

ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ،

ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ

ﺪـﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﻱﺎـﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺮﺠﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ .

(13)

٤٩

ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ، ﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮـﺳ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺪـﻨ

ﻖـﻴﻗﺩ ﺭﺎـﮑﻫﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘـﺳﺍ ﮏـﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺮﻫ ،

ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏـﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻌﻤﺟ ﻭ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺩﺮﺧ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻮﺻﺍ ،

ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻼﮐ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺎﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ،

ﻪﮐﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺍﺬﻟ :

‐ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻦﻳ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ،

ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ

ﻥﺎـﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﻭﺮـﺠﮐ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ ﺩﺎـﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺍﻮـﺟﻮﻧ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎـﻴﺣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ .

‐ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻱﺎﻬﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺟ ﻥﺁ

ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺘـﺳﻭﺩ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻭ ﻒﻃﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮـﺗ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻟﺎـﺳ ﺕﺎـﺤﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻕﻮﻘﺷ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﺏﺎـﺑﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﮐ ﺍﺯ ﻡﺮﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ .

‐ ﻭ ﺪـﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ

ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﺶﻳﻮﺧ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .

ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ

ﺯﺍ ﻲـﮑﻳ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ .

ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻩﻮـﺤﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺶـﻘﻧ ﺖـﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ .

‐ ـﻋ ﺚـﺤﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻟﺍﺪ

، ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻩﺎـﻓﺭ

ﻥﻼﮐ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .

‐ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺭﺩ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﻧﻮﻧﺎﮐ

.

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

‐١ ﻱﺪﻤﺣﺍ ، ﺐﻴﺒﺣ . ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،

ﺖﻤﺳ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،

١٣٨٤ .

٢

‐ ﻱﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ، ﺪﻤﺤﻣ . ﻝﺎﻔﻃﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻡﺮﺟ ﻉﻮﻴﺷ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ

ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻬﺷﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ،

ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ،

ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،

١٣٧٣ .

٣

‐ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ﺭﻮﭘ ،

ﷲﺍ ﺕﺮﺼﻧ .

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ –

ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،

ﻡﻭﺩ ﭖﺎﭼ ، ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﺸﻧ ،

ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ، ١٣٧٦ .

٤

‐ ﺭﻭﻻﺩ ، ﻲﻠﻋ . ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ،

ﺪﺷﺭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،

١٣٨٠ .

٥

‐ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺒﻣﺎﺷ ، ﮓﻨﺷﻮﻫ . ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻔﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻫﺰﺑ ،

ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ

ﺭﺎﺘﺴﻳﻭ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،

١٣٧٣ .

٦

‐ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺮﺳ ﻖﻳﺪﺻ ،

ﷲﺍ ﺖﻤﺣﺭ .

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ،

ﻥﺁ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،

١٣٨٣ .

٧

‐ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ،

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺏﻮﺼﻣ ١٣٧٠

.

ﮒﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﻼﮐ ،

ﻮﺗﺍ . ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،

ﺪﻤﺤﻤﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ

ﻥﺍﺩﺭﺎﮐ ، ﻝﻭﺍ ﺪﻠﺟ ، ﺸﻧ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺮ ، ١٣٦٤ .

٨

‐ ﻞﺘﻴﻟ ، ﻞﻴﻧﺍﺩ . ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ،

ﻢﻳﺮﮑﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ

ﺵﻭﺮﺳ ، ﻁﺍﺮﺻ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ،

١٣٧٣ .

٩

‐ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻲﻨﺴﺤﻣ ،

ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ . ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺍﺪﻧﻭ ، ﻥﺁ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،

١٣٨٣ .