Identifying Good Governance principles in the Athletics Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Presenting a Conceptual Model

Identifying Good Governance principles in the Athletics Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Presenting a Conceptual Model

(Providing a grounded theory method)

Rohollah Asgarigandomani^1 , Ghodratollah Bagheri² , Ebrahim Alidoust³ ,

Mohammadhossein Rahmati⁴

1. Corresponding Author, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, University of Farabi, Qom, Iran.E-mail:

r.asgari@ut.ac.ir

2. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, University of Farabi, Qom, Iran. E-mail: g.bagheri@ut.ac.ir

3. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:

e.alidoust@ut.ac.ir

4. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, University of Farabi, Qom, Iran.E-mail:m.rahmati@ut.ac.ir

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

4 August 2018 Received in revised form:

9 December 2018 Accepted:

25 June 2019 Published online:

16 November 2022 Keywords:

Athletics, Federation, Emergent Approach Good Governance, Grounded Theory Method

Introduction: The current research aimed at identifying the principles of good governance and providing a conceptual model in the Athletics Federation of Iran.

Methods: This qualitative research, with emergent approach (Glaserian), sought to identify the principles of governance, discover contributors' concerns, solve basic problems and finally present a conceptual model in the athletics society of Iran. The research sample included all the stakeholders in the Athletics Federation, for this purpose, 23 well-known experts in the field of governance selected by targeted and snowball selection for deep and unstructured interviews. The data were analyzed simultaneously using a set of encodings. 14 of the participants assessed and confirmed the validity and reliability of the research findings.

Results: The results showed that the most important concerns of the participants are classified in four categories: underlying factors, phenomenon, strategy and consequences. In this study, "The role of law and rule of law", one of the priciples of good governance, was the central issue of the research. Within the framework of this principle, the basic social process has been shaped by the strategy of moving toward the “rule of law’’.

Conclusion: The observance of good governance principles in the Athletics Federation will have consequences such as effectiveness, efficiency and accountability.

Cite this article: Asgarigandomani, R., Bagheri, G., Alidoust, E., & Rahmati, M. (2021). Identifying Good Governance priciples in the Athletics Federation of The Islamic Republic of Iran and Presenting a Conceptual Model. Sport Management Journal, 14(3), 311-330.

DOI:http://doi.org/1022059/JSM.2019.263252.2132

© The Author(s). Publisher: University of Tehran, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health.

Introduction

In recent years, the good governance paradigm has emerged as the dominant paradigm in the field of governance and has been proposed and practiced by different organizations and individuals. On the other hand, poor governance in sports organizations is the result of lack of adequate control, proper supervision, proper reporting lines, skilled people, proper planning, and even conflicting elements. The purpose of this study was to design a good governance model in the Athletic Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Methods

The present study was conducted as a qualitative research, through content analysis, the main and sub-themes good governance in the Athletics Federation were identified. The statistical population were all experts in the academic milieu or executives. The research population included the managers familiar with the field of sports governance, university professors with executive and research backgrounds who were identified and interviewed by using judging and snowball sampling. The interviews continued until the theoretical saturation of the phenomenon and the research reached theoretical saturation with 23 interviews. In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the research in the qualitative sector, research audit strategies were considered in the research process so that the validity and reliability of the research were actively obtained, rather than approved or rejected by foreign referees.

The reliability of the interviews in the present study was assessed by using the open-ended test method. The reliability of the test was 0.74. The data analysis was carried out on the content analysis by using the six-step approach of Clark and Brown (2006).

Results

The results showed that the extracted model has 5 main components and 11 sub-components that all have a significant relationship with good governance. The first component of the good governance model in the Athletics Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the "Role of Law and the Rule of Law" with its three sub-components: Statute, Comprehensive System, and sustainable financial development. The second component of research is "participation". The third component was “transparency and accountability”, this component has two sub-components, namely transparency, and accountability.

“Controlling and monitoring” (the 4th component) is another component of good governance in Iran’s Athletic Federation.

One of the indicators of good governance is the high level of monitoring. There is a direct link between the monitoring and the efficiency of any system. The “health of the management system” in the athletics federation is the 5th discovered component which has two sub-components, the primary and the secondary actions.

Conclusion

Following the pattern of the International Olympic Committee and the National Olympic Committee, by the Athletics

committees to develop 'laws and rule the laws" and

"participation". Increasing athletic stakeholder participation in federation decisions enhances ownership sense of being part of the federation's management and contributes to their commitment and responsibility to the rules and other aspects of the federation. It is essential to establish a connection between the Athletics Federation and stakeholders and to ensure transparency and accountability, the principles of "right of information" and "freedom of information" are essential too. As long as some of the information is kept, there will be different perceptions of transparency. There seems to be insufficient control in the federation, and this caused a day-to-day athletics’

salary decline. In attention to coaches and referees caused public discontent. Controlling and monitoring should be carried out at three appropriate times. In the first phase, the Ministry of Youth and Sport should focus on entering the ownership of the Federation. Secondly, during the implementation of federation programs, and in the final phase, the performances of the federation will be monitored at the end of the programs. Also, if the Athletics Federation does such things as: increasing the quality of its activities to the international standards, applying the principles of management in management departments such as financial, administrative, executive, prioritizing the selection of international qualified experts, balancing national and international law, hosting major events, attending major events, being exposed to large domestic and foreign markets and also utilizing actionable plans to enhance consideration of the quality of the relationship with the participants involved, it will lead to the implications and significant benefits to the track and field’s stakeholders, especially the athletes.

Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:

Funding: This research was done without using financial resources.

Authors’ contribution: The authors have contributed equaly.

Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicted.

Acknowledgments: This research was done with the guidance of distinguished professors and the coorperation of research participants.

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ و ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﮥﺋارا

) ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا ﮥﺋارا

ﮏﯾ ﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﮥ هداد (دﺎﯿﻨﺑ

حور ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺪﻨﮔ يﺮﮕﺴﻋ ﷲا

1

، 

ترﺪﻗ يﺮﻗﺎﺑ ﷲا

، 2

ﯽﺧﺮﻔﻬﻗ ﺖﺳوﺪﯿﻠﻋ ﻢﯿﻫاﺮﺑا ﻣ ، 3

ﯽﺘﻤﺣر ﻦﯿﺴﺣﺪﻤﺤ

4

1 . ﻮﻧ ﯾ ﺪﻨﺴ ﺆﺴﻣ ة

،لو هوﺮﮔ ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ ، ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة يراﺪﺑﺎﺴﺣ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

،

،ﯽﺑارﺎﻓ ﺲﯾدﺮﭘ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﻢﻗ

، :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا :

@ut.ac.ir .asgari r

2 . هوﺮﮔ ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ ، ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة يراﺪﺑﺎﺴﺣ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

،

،ﯽﺑارﺎﻓ ﺲﯾدﺮﭘ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ﻢﻗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ

، :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا :

g.bagheri@ut.ac.ir

3 هوﺮﮔ . ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ ، ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة ﺑﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺷزرو ﯽ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺗ ناﺮﻬ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ، e.alidoust@ut.ac.ir

4 هوﺮﮔ . ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ ، ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة يراﺪﺑﺎﺴﺣ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

،

،ﯽﺑارﺎﻓ ﺲﯾدﺮﭘ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ﻢﻗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ

، :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا :

m.rahmati@ut.ac.ir

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 20 / 10 / 1400

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 25

/ 11 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 28 / 11 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 25 /1 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ ،بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ

،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود ،ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ دﺮﮑﯾور هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ دﺎﯿﻨﺑ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

: ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﭘﯿ ﺶ ور ﯽﯾﺎــﺳﺎﻨــﺷ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﮥﺋارا

و ود نﻮﯿــﺳارﺪﻓ رد ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا

مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﻪ .ﺖﺳا

:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور (يرﺰﯿﻠﮔ) ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ دﺮﮑﯾور ﺎﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا

ﯽﭘ رد ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﻒﺸﮐ ،ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ

ﺪﻤﻋ ة ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ، ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﯽﺳﺎﺳا تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﮥﺋارا

ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﺑ يﻮﮕﻟا ﮏﯾ ﺘﺷر

ﮥ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود ﯽﺷزرو

.ﺖﺳا ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يذ

نﺎﻌﻔﻧ ،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ 23

ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺷآ نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ زا ﺮﻔﻧ ةزﻮﺣ

ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ

ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ و ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻠﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯿﻧرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﯿﻤﻋ هداد

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

زا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ا ي زا راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ي ﺎﻫ ي و ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،يرﻮﺤﻣ ،زﺎﺑ ﯾ

ﺖﺷﻮﻧدﺎ رﺎﮕﻧ ي .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ 14

زا ﻦﺗ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ار نآ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﯾاور ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و

ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ : داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻢﻬﻣ

ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ؛ﻪﻘﺒﻃ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ﻣز

ﯿ ﻪﻨ ا ي ﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و دﺮﺒﻫار ،هﺪﯾﺪﭘ ،

ﻪﺘﺳد ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

» نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺶﻘﻧ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺖﯿﻤﮐﺎﺣ و

« زا ﻪﮐ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ،ﺪﺷ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﮥ

رد و داد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﻮﺤﻣ دوﺪﺤﻣ

ة ﻦﯾا ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ، ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ دﺮﺒﻫار ﺎﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا

نﻮﻧﺎﻗ راﺪﻣ ي .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ

ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي : هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ، ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ،ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ رﺎﮐ

ا يﺪﻣ و

ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺬﭘ ﯾﺮ ي ار ﯽﭘ رد ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ .

دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺪﻨﮔ يﺮﮕﺴﻋ حور

ﷲا

؛ ،يﺮﻗﺎﺑ ترﺪﻗ و ﻢﯿﻫاﺮﺑا ،ﺖﺳوﺪﯿﻠﻋ ؛ﷲا ،ﯽﺘﻤﺣر

ﻦﯿﺴﺣﺪﻤﺤﻣ )

1401 .(

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣو ود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد بﻮﺧ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ

و ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﮥﺋارا

ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا .

ﺮﺸﻧ ﺪﻣﮥﯾ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ ،) 3(

14 ، 311-330 .

2019.263252.2132

JSM.

/ 1022059 DOI:http://doi.org/

ﺎﻧ :ﺮﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة مﻮﻠﻋ ﺷزرو ﯽ و ﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ ﯽ .

.نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ زا بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻣز

ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺳ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ صﺎﺧ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ رد يدﺎﯾز يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ و ،هدروآﺮﺑ

هزﻮﺣ ﺎﻫ ي نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ

،دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺳ

ﯿ راﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎ ي زا ﯽﮑﯾ .ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ هﺮﯿﻏ و ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ مﻮﻠﻋ ،ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ هزﻮﺣ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﮐ راﺮﻗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄ

ﻣ ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ ﺶﺨﺑ ،

) ﺖﺳا شزرو يراﻮﺷ

ﯾدﺎﺤﺗا ﮥ ،ﺎﭘورا 2013 (.

ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻪﺑ1

رﻮﻃ ﻮﻠﺗ ﯾ ﺢ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎ ،كﺮﺘﺸﻣ فاﺪﻫا دﻮﺟو ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ و كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ماﺪﻗا ي بﻮﭼرﺎﭼ

ﺎﻫ ي

ﺪﻋاﻮﻗ و ﯽﺷزرا كﺮﺘﺸﻣ

و .ﺖﺴﯿﻧ لﻮﺼﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يداﺮﻔﻧا تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا مﺎﺠﻧا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻌﻤﺟ ﺖﻌﻔﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ

و ﺖﻟود ﻦﯿﺑ ﻂﺑاور ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﮥ ﯽﻧﺪﻣ

، و نﺎﻤﮐﺎﺣ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ

) ﺖﺳا طﻮﺑﺮﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻫﻮﮑﺷ 1393

ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯾا رد .(

هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺮﺗ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ زا زا ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ و ﺖﺳا2

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي نآ ﻪﺑ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻣ ﯽ آﯾ ﺪ يﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯾا . ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ

ةﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﯾا ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ

زﺎﺳ ي

مﺎﻈﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ و هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﮥ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻫﯿ ﭻ هﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺪﻬﻋ ة ناﺮﮕﯾزﺎﺑ ﻒﯿﻃ نﺎﯿﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻂﺑاور مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ هراﻮﻤﻫ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،هدﻮﺒﻧ ﺖﻟود

و ﯽﺘﻟود ) ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﯽﺘﻟودﺮﯿﻏ ﻖﯾﺪﺻ

ﯽﻨﯾﺎﺘﺳوﺮﺳ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 1386

رﺎﻬﻇا و ﻪﺘﻓر ﺮﺗﻮﻠﺟ ﻢﻫ ﻦﯾا زا نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ .(

هدﺮﮐ ﺪﻧا رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻟود ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻏ ﯿ ﺘﻟودﺮ ﯽ ﺶﻘﻧ

ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ي ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺪﻧا ) ،يﺮﻬﺷ و ﯽﺒﺳﺎﺟ 1389

دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ .(

ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺮﮕﯾد

» ﻂﺑاور نﺎﯿﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ

« طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ،دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا رد . وﯾ

هﮋ ا ي .ﺖﺳا ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ و ﻢﻈﻧ زا

زﺎﺑ ﻢﻈﻧ رد يدﺮﻓ ﻂﺑاور فﻼﺧﺮﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ و ﻢﻈﻧ رد ﻪﮐ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ زا لﺮﺘﻨﮐ فﻼﺧﺮﺑ مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ،را

راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ي ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻢﻈﻧ

ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ و ﺖﮐاﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ .ﺖﺳ

» ﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳدﻮﺧ ﯽ

ﻂﺑاور ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ

« ، ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻧاﺮﻈﻧ ﯽ ار دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺬﭘ ﯾ ﺪﻧﺮ ﻪﺑ ، رﻮﻃ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺴﻠﺳ) ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ زا ،ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ رد ﻢﻈﻧ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻠﻪ

هرﺎﺷا ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻪﺑ (ﺐﺗاﺮﻣ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺘﻣﺎﺻ 1390

،ﺖﻘﯿﻘﺣ رد .(

ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ار ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻤﺳر ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺪﻨ

، ﻟﺎﺣرد ﯽ ﻪﮐ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ترﺪﻗ لﺎﻤﻋا رد ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﻮﻣزآ ﺪﻧور و كراﺪﺗ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ

بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ،نﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ رد ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ) ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يرﻮﺌﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻣ زا يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ،توﺎﻔﺘﻣ

ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾوﺎﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ و ،(ﮏﯿﺗاﺮﮐﻮﻣد ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺎﯾ و ﯽﻔﻨﺻ

» ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﺷ ﯿ هﻮ

« ،

» هرادا لﻮﺻا ندﺮﮐ

« ﺎﯾ و ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ هدﺎﺳ

» ﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﯽ

« ﺪﺷر

رﺎﺸﺘﻧا نﺎﻣز زا .ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ ﯿﻣﻼﻋا

ﮥ لﺎﺳ رد ﺎﭘورا ﻦﻤﺠﻧا 2000

ﺲﻧاﺮﻔﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﻟوا و ﺑﯿ

ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ لﺎﺳ رد شزرو رد ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ 2001

،ﻞﺴﮐوﺮﺑ رد

زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ،ﯽـﺘﻟود نﺎـﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺎﻫ ي شﻼﺗ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ و ﯽﺷزرو هدﺮﮐ

ﺪﻧا ﻤﮑﺣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ شزرو رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮ

ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ا ي زا

و ﯽﻠﻣ ،ﯽﻠﺤﻣ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺺﺨﺸﻣ لﻮﺻا ﺑﯿ

ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﻪﺋارا ﻨﮐ ﺪﻨ ) ،ﺎﯿﻟاﺮﺘﺳا شزرو نﻮﯿﺴﯿﻤﮐ 2004

.(

رد ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺷزروﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﻃ

ﻦﯾا ﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ل بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻢﯾادارﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻨﯿﻣز رد ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﻢﯾادارﺎﭘ ﮥ

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نآ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻒﯾرﺎﻌﺗ و هدﻮﺑ حﺮﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ نﺎﮔرا

ﺎﻫ داﺮﻓا و

ﯽﻠﮐ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻣ

ﯽ ناﻮﺗ زا ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺖﻔﮔ شزرا

ﺎﻫ ، ﺳ ﯿ ﺖﺳﺎ ﺎﻫ و ﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﮐ

ﻪﺑ ﻠﯿﺳو ﮥ و ﯽﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ،ﺖﻟود ﺶﺨﺑ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﻪﺳ زا ار دﻮﺧ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ و ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ ،دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،نآ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﮥ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﻣ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ .

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ و دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ناﺮﮕﯾزﺎﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺪﺷ ﻦﺷور ﻪﮐ لﺎﺣ ﺖﺳا

ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاد رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺪﯾﺎﺒﻧ ،

ﺪﻬﻋ زا بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ة

ﺖﻟود ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد ،ﺪﯾآﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻤﻧ

ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ﺻﻮﺗ ﯿﻪ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ ار

ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﺖﻟود ﻪﺑ ﺮﮐ

د ﻦﯿﻨﭼ رد .ﺖﺷاد حﻼﺻا و يدﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺪﯿﻣا و

ﻂﺑاور ﯽﺘﯿﻌﺿو ﻢﻫ

اﺰﻓا ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻧآ ﯽﻫاﺮﻤﻫ و يرﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ناﺮﮕﯾزﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻤﻀﺗ

ﯿ ﻦ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ة ) ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ،ﯽﻧاﻮﻟا

1389 .(

ا رد ﻦﯾ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﮓﻨﯿﭙﯿﮐ

2F

3 ) 2017 ﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ( ﯽ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ

» ﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﯽ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ بﻮﭼرﺎﭼ ﮏﯾ :بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ و ﺰﺠﺗ

ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ ﺳ ﯿ ﺳﺎ ﯽ

« نﺎﯿﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ دراد ﻪﮐ » ﯽﺘﻗو ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ كرد و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﭼ ﺖﻟود دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ار ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻣ

ﯽ ﻨﮐ ﯿ ﻢ ﯽﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻣ ، ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺸﮐ ﻪﮐ

ﻪﭼ ،ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ و ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ياﺮﺑ يرﻮﺌﺗ زﺎﺳزﺎﺑ

ي يﺮﮑﻓ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺳ

ﯿ ﺖﺳﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺴﺟ ،ﻦﯿﭼ ﮏﯿﺗاﺮﮐﻮﻣد و

ﻮﺟ

1. Governance

2. Government

3. keping

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ... ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ يﺎﻫ

315

ﮏﯾ ياﺮﺑ مﺮﻔﺘﻠﭘ

و ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ لﺪﻣ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ،بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳد ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ رادا

ة رد ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﮥ رازﺎﺑ

رﺎﮐﺎﻧ ا ﺪﻣ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ تﺎﻬﺟ يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ رد ﯽﺘﺣ ﺎﯾ ﻢﻬﻣ ،هدرﻮﺧ

ﺖﺳا

« ) ،ﮓﻨﯿﭙﮐ 2017 .(

ﯽﻟﺎﺣرد ﻪﮐ ﻫﯿ ﭻ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﻠﮐ ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ

، شﻼﺗ ﯽﻟو ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ نآ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا ) نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا شزرو

3F

،1

2011 .(

شزرو نﻮﯿﺴﯿﻤﮐ ﺎﯿﻟاﺮﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

4F

2 ) 2004 ( ار ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ و ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓررﺎﮐ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﮥ فاﺪﻫا يدﺮﺒﻫار و

ﺖﻬﺟ ﻫد ﯽ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻦﯿﻤﻀﺗ و فاﺪﻫا ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد شدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ترﺎﻈﻧ و ةﻮﺤﻧ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ تﺄﯿﻫ رد هﺮﯾﺪﻣ

.ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ يﺎﻀﻋا ياﺮﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺐﺴﮐ ﯿﻧ ﯽﻣﺮﮔﺮﺳ و شزرو نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺪﻨﻟزﻮ ) 2004 ( ار ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ هدﺮﮐ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ي

نآ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا تﺄﯿﻫ

هﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﮥ ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا تﺎﻬﺟ و ﺎﻫ يدﺮﺒﻫار

و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻂﺧ

ﺸﻣ ﯽ ﺎﻫ و ر ﯾ ﮏﺴ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ار

ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و هدﺮﮐ

و ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻒﺸﮐ هﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا نﺎﮑﻟﺎﻣ و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ و ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ار ﯽﻣ

ﺪﻨﮐ . ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ و ﻒﯾرﺎﻌﺗ ﻦﯾا

ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ار ﻂﺑاﻮﺿ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻫد . ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﯾ ﺖﻬﺟ ﮏﯾ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﺷزرو دﺮﺒﻫار

ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ياﺮﺑ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻦﯿﻤﻀﺗ و ﻨﯿﻬﺑ

ﮥ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻀﻋا ،

ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾا ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يﻮﺤﻧ دﺮﺒﻫار

اﺮﺟا ار ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻫد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﻨﺪ

. لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ

، ﺖﺳا ﺶﻧاﺪﻨﻣرﺎﮐ و نآ يﺎﻀﻋا

، ﻪﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ رد و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺐﺴﮐ رد داﺮﻓا ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ دﺮﺒﻫار

ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺎﯿﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ فﺪﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺣ

ﮑ ﻤ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا بﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧاﺮ تﺄﯿﻫ

ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر شور ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و هﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ﺎﻀﻋا و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ار ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

، ﺖﺴﺟ و و ﻮﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﮐ

؛ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ زا ﻪﮐ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺎﻫراﺰﺑا

ﯾ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ ﯽ

دﺮﮐ ه ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ترﺎﻈﻧ و اد

ﻪﺘﺷ ﺪﻧا ) ثرﻮﻓ نرﻮﮐ

5F3

، 2003 ( .

نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا شزرو )

2011 ( رد ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﺷزرو ﺠﯿﺘﻧ

ﮥ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺎﻧ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ، و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﺗرﺎﻈﻧ ندﻮﺒﻧ

طﻮﻄﺧ شراﺰﮔ ﻫد ﯽ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ، ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺑ يداﺮﻓا ناﺪﻘﻓ

، ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ندﻮﺒﻧ يﺰﯾر

ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ضرﺎﻌﺗ ﯽﺘﺣ و

ﺖﺳا . تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻦﯾا

هرﺎﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺎﻫﺮﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳا يﺮﯿﮔ

، ﺎﻀﻋا داﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻓا و

ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ و ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا درﻮﻣ رد ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﺎﻣﺮﺳ

ﯾﻪ راﺬﮔ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺘﻟود ﺮﺠﻨﻣ

ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ )

ﻤﻫ و ﺎﮐﺮﺷ نارداﺮﺑ ﮑ

،نارﺎ 1386 .(

ﻦﯾازا ور نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﺷ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻣ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ﻧ

ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﺳ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ

ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ

ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ .

ﮐ ﻮ نر رﻮﻓ ث ) 2003 ( داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ

ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﮥ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﮐ ﺖﺳا

. دﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ

ﻤﮑﺣ ﯽﻧاﺮ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧاﺮﯿﻏ يﺎﻫ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺑ يرﻮﺌﺗ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ

ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رﻮﺌﺗ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﺑ رﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺪﺷ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ تﺎﺒﺛا درﻮﻣ رد

ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ تاﺮ و شزرو ﺮﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧاﺮﯿﻏ و ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧا ﯽﺷزرو ترﺎﺒﻋ

ﺪﻧا زا : ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ يرﻮﺌﺗ ،

ﺗﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ يرﻮﺌﺗ

،ﯽ يرﻮﺌﺗ

يدﺎﻬﻧ ، ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑاو يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻣ

ﺒﻨ

،ﻊ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ يرﻮﺌﺗ ،

يرﻮﺌﺗ يذ نﺎﻌﻔﻧ ، يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻢﺸﭼ زاﺪﻧا ﮏﯿﺗاﺮﮐﻮﻣد و ،

ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺮﺗﺮﺑ يرﻮﺌﺗ )

،ﻢﻟآ و تراﺮﯿﮔ

2013 .(

نﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﮐ

، زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ و نﻮﺘﻣ

ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺷ و ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧا ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﺎﻨﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد و ﻤﮑﺗ

ﯿ ﻞ ﺪﺷ ة درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﮐﺪﻧا ﺮﻤﮑﺣ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧا ﺖﺳا سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧاﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ

) ،نﻮﻟﺎﻣ 2000 .(

ﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي لﻮﺻا يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧاﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﺷزرو رﻮﺌﺗ

ي ﺎﻫ ي رﻮﮐﺬﻣ و ﻋا ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻀ

تﺄﯿﻫ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا هﺪﺷ

، ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻣ

ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﮏﯾﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ

ﺪﻧراد ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﻌﻤﺟ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد يدﺮﻓ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ رد .

زا ﻦﯾا دﺎﻘﺘﻧا ور ﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ياﺮﺑ ار ﯽﺘﺻﺮﻓ ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧاﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﺷزرو

دﻮﺧ يﺎﻀﻋا زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا فﺮﺻ

ﺮﻈﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ زا ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺎﯾ ﺠﺗ ﺶﺑرﺎ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ) ،ﮓﻨﯿﻨﺟ 2006 .(

1. Sport England

2. Australian Sport Commission

3. Cornforth

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ و ﺎﭘﯾ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﯽﻠﺻا ب

ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺪﻧا ،ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺖﯿﻓﺎﻔﺷ ،عﺎﻤﺟا ،ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ :زا رﺎﮐ

ا يﺪﻣ ،نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺖﯿﻤﮐﺎﺣ ،ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ و

ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﯿﻠﻗا هﺎﮔﺪﯾد ﻪﺑ نداد ﺖﯿﻤﻫا و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد دﺎﺴﻓ نﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺾﯿﻌﺒﺗ مﺪﻋ ياﺪﺻ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ

ﺳآ ﯿ ﺐ ﺬﭘ ﯾ ﺮﺗﺮ ﯾ ﻦ رد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺸﻗ

ﻤﺼﺗ ﯿ ﻢ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺎﻫ ) دﻮﺷ هﺪﯿﻨﺷ ﯽﭽﺒﻠﺣ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ،

1386 .(

ﺑﻮﺼﻣ ﮥ ﻞﻠﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻊﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ

نﺎﯿﺑ ﺖﺣاﺮﺻ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ

و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ فاﺪﻫا رﯾ

ﻪﺸ ﻨﮐ ﯽ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻪﺑ ،دﺎﺴﻓ زﺎﯿﻧ

رد ﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﻞﻠﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ سﻼﺟا رد نﺎﻬﺟ ناﺮﺒﻫر .ﺖﺳا

لﺎﺳ 2005 و ﯽﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺖﯿﻤﮐﺎﺣ و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﺑﯿ

ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ) ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ راﺪﯾﺎﭘ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ ،نﺎﻣور

2011 .(

زﺎﻏآ زا ﺖﺴﯿﺑ ةﺪﺳ ﻢﮑﯾو

شزرو رد ﯽﻧﺎﺒﺗ و ﮓﻨـﯿﭘود ،يرادا دﺎﺴﻓ زا يدﺎﯾز دراﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ مﺪﻋ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ءﻮﺳ هﺮﻬﺑ

رو ي يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ رد

هرادا ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ة ﺖﺳا طﺎﺒﺗرا رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ هﺪﺷ رﺎﮑﺷآ شزرو .

زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻣ ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ تﺎﻗﺎﻔﺗا ﺘﯿﻤﮐ ﮥ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا ، نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ لﺎﺒﺘﮑﺴﺑ ﯽﻠﻣ ﻦﻤﺠﻧا ،لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ،لﺎﺒﯿﻟاو آ

) دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا هﺮﯿﻏ و ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣ

،نﻮﻟﺎﻣ 2000

؛ ،ﯽﭽﺒﻠﺣ 1386 ود شزرو رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .(

ﻪﯿﺳور ﯽﻠﻣ ﻢﯿﺗ ،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ﻪﺑ

ﻠﻋ ﮓﻨﯿﭘود ﺖ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺑ و ﺪﺷ ﻊﻨﻣ نﺎﻬﺟ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد رﻮﻀﺣ زا ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﭘ رﺪ

زا نآ

ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻪﯿﺳور ﻢﯿﺗ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪﺘﺷر

ﺎﻫ ي اداو فﺮﻃ زا (ﻮﯾر) ﺮﯿﺧا ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا رد ﯽﺷزرو و1

ﺘﯿﻤﮐ ﮥ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ2

ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ .ﺪﻣآ ﻧﺪﺑ ﮥ

ﺰﯿﻧ رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو ﻪﺑ

ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺎﻫ ي ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﺳا ﺮﯿﮔرد ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و هدازﺪﻤﺣا

) 1392 نﺎﺸﻧ (

ﺎﺑ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ شزرو ،داد ﺶﻟﺎﭼ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ جاور و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﻌﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،دﺎﯿﺘﻋا و ﯽﻗﻼﺧا تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ،ﺖﯾﻮﻨﻌﻣ نﺪﺷ ﮓﻧﺮﻤﮐ

هﻮﺷر جاور ،شزرو رد ﯽﺷﺎﺤﻓ ،ﯽﺑﻮﮑﻟﺎﺧ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺶﯾارآ و ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺒﺗ و

ﯽﺑ ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﻪﺘﺴ رﻻﺎﺳ ي .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﮓﻨﯿﭘود و ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ود ﮓﻨﯿﭘود ﯽﻧﺪﯿﺳ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد ﻠﻣ

ﯽ شﻮﭘ لﺎﺳ رد و ﺪﺷ مﻼﻋا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺲﮐﻮﺑ 2006

ﺰﯿﻧ ﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﮥ ﮓﻨﯿﭘود 9 زا ﻦﺗ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻠﻣ

ﯽ شﻮﭘ

ﺘﺷر ﮥ ﻪﻧزو رادﺮﺑ ي ﻦﯾا و ﺪﺷ مﻼﻋا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻦﮑﯿﻨﯿﻣود تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ

400 ﺪﺷ ﻪﻤﯾﺮﺟ رﻻد راﺰﻫ .

.دراد زﺎﯿﻧ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ توﺎﻀﻗ و ﺖﻗاﺪﺻ ،يﺮﺒﻫر ﻪﺑ شزرو رد ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ ﻖﯾﺪﺼﺗ ﺎﯿﻟاﺮﺘﺳا شزرو نﻮﯿﺴﯿﻤﮐ هوﻼﻋ

ﺮﺑ

،ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ نآ ﻤﺼﺗ

ﯿ ﻢ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي و ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯿﻓﺎﻔﺷ ،ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺬﭘ ﯾﺮ ي ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ لﺎﺒﻗ رد فﺮﺼﻣ

هﺪﺷ و ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي

مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﻤﻀﺗ ار ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻞﺜﻣ ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻞﻠﻋ ياراد ﻒﯿﻌﺿ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا . ﺑ

ﯽ ﮕﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ،ضرﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﻖﯾﻼﺳ ،ﺮﯾﺪﻣ

و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻓﺎﮐﺎﻧ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،ﮏﺴﯾر ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﯽﻠﺧاد ﻒﻌﺿ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺐﺴﮐ

رﺎﮐو .ﺖﺳا ﻮﯿﺷ ة ﺮﺛﺆﻣﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﻪﻧ

ﺎﻬﻨﺗ شزرو ﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ

ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،دراﺪﻧ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ ار شزرو ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﺑ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﻒﻌﺿ ﯽﻠﮐ ﻪﺑ

) ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻤﮐ

ﯿ ،ﺎﯿﻟاﺮﺘﺳا شزرو نﻮﯿﺴ 2004

.(

دﯾ ﺮﮕ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي

ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺘﯿﻤﮐ ﻞﺜﻣ ﮥ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا )3

IOC

رد ار ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا ﺶﺒﻨﺟ و شزرو رد ﯽﻧادﺮﮔدﻮﺧ رﺎﻨﯿﻤﺳ ود(

لﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي 2006 و 2008 فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ،

ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا لﻮﺻا و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ لدﺎﺒﺗ و ﺚﺤﺑ درﻮﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ لﻮﺻا رﺎﻨﯿﻤﺳ ﻦﯿﻣود رد .دﺮﮐ راﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﯽﻧادﺮﮔدﻮﺧ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو

و نﺎﻬﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ لﻮﺻا ﻦﯾا .ﺪﯿﺳر ﺐﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا ﺶﺒﻨﺟ و شزرو رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ لﻮﻤﺷ 7

ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺮﯾز ﺪﻌﺑ 34

رد و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﻞﮐ 110 ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﻢﺘﯾآ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ ) ﺘﯿﻤﮐ ﮥ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ،ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا 2016 :(

1 . ﻢﺸﭼ زاﺪﻧا رﻮﻣﺄﻣ ، ﯾ ﺖ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا و ي

؛

2 .

،رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺗاﺮﮐﻮﻣد ﺪﻧور و تارﺮﻘﻣ ﯿ

ﮏ

؛

3 . ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ

، ﺖﻗاﺪﺻ ﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا و ي

ﻗﻼﺧا ﯽ

؛

1. World AntiDoping Agency (WADA)

2. International Olympic Committee (IOC)

3. Internatonal Olympic Committee

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ يﺎﻫ

و ... ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ

317

4 . ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﯾ

، ﻓﺎﻔﺷ ﯿ ﺖ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و

؛

5 . ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﯽ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و

؛

6 . ﮔرد ﯿﺮ ي ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ و ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ،نارﺎﮑﺷزرو

؛

7 . ﻂﺑاور ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻟود رد ﻋ ﯿ ﻦ ﻆﻔﺣ لﻼﻘﺘﺳا .

ﮏﯿﺴﺗﺎﯾ و فﻮﭽﯾرﺎﮐﺎﻣ

9F

1 ) 2018 ﻟﺎﻘﻣ رد ( ﮥ

» ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ و ﯽﻣﺮﮔﺮﺳ

« ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺳ

ﯿ ﺖﺳﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﻈﻨﻣ ود زا شزرو رد ﻪﯿﺳور ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

.ﺪﻧا رد

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺷزرو گرﺰﺑ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور

ﻪﺑ2

ناﻮﻨﻋ و دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ﺒﺜﺗ

ﯿ ﺖ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺎﻫ ي راﺮﻗ ﺚﺤﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻢﯾژر نآ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .

مواﺪﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ار دﻮﺧ ﻪﯿﺳور ﺖﻟود ،ﯽﺷزرو گرﺰﺑ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ رﻮﺒﺠﻣ و هداد راﺮﻗ

و ﯽﻗﻮﻘﺣ تارﺮﻘﻣ و ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ نآ ﻖﺒﻃ و ﺪﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺷ

ﯿ هﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ يﺪﯿﻠﮐ لﻻﺪﺘﺳا .ﺪﻨﮐ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ار دﻮﺧ يراﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎﯿﺳ

ار لزﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ود ﻣ

ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ

اﯾ ﻦ لﺎﺣ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا ، شﻼﺗ ﺎﻫ ي ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ

ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ

، زﻮﻨﻫ فﺎﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻌﯿﺳو ﯽﺸﻧاد ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي دراد دﻮﺟو بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ لﻮﺻا

، ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ ﯽﻧﺎﮕﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﻮﺻا

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ يور ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ و

، ﺎﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ لﻮﺻا ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا و دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو وﯾ

ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻞﯿﻟد .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ صﺎﺧ

ﻦﯿﺑ ﺶﺣﺎﻓ توﺎﻔﺗ نآ ﺮﮕﯾد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي و ﯽﻠﻣ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ و ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧا و ﻏﯿ

ﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧاﺮ ﯽ ) ﺖﺳا ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺖﭽﯿﻟ 2007

ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .(

نﺎﻣور

11F3

) 2011 ﺮﮕﯾد لﻮﺻا ( ﺶﺨﺑ

ﺎﻫ ﺎﯾ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻤﻧ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ شزرو رد ﻪﻧارﻮﮐرﻮﮐ ﻪﺑ

اﺮﯾز ،دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﮐ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

و ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﺷزرو

ﭘﯿ ﭽ ﯿ ﮔﺪ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺳاراد ار شزرو ﻪﺑ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ .

ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ةزﻮﺣ

و شزرو ﻪﺑ صﻮﺼﺧ ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﯿﻣ و ود ﻞﺜﻣ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ،ﯽﻧا

ﻪﺑ ﺑﺎﺜﻣ ﮥ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي

ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺷزرو راﺬﮔﺮﺛا

ي رد ﻪﺒﺗر ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ اراد ار (ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ)

، ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺧ ﯽﺻﺎ دراد ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ . ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ

يدﺎﯾز ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ،ﺪﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣوود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ

،دراد ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ رد ﯽﻧﺎﯾﺎﺷ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ

ﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﮥ

رد رﻮﻀﺣ و ﻪﺒﺨﻧ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و تﻼﯿﻬﺴﺗ ندﺮﮐ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ و شزرو ﺖﺑﺎﻗر

ﺎﻫ ي رد رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ﺐﺴﮐ و ﯽﻠﺧاد ر

يﺎﻫداﺪﯾو ﺑﯿ

ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺘﺷاد ﻪ

ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 147

رد ﯽﮑﯿﭙﻤﻟا لاﺪﻣ ﺘﺷر

ﮥ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ رد ،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود اﯾ

ﻦ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﮓﻧﺮﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر . هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ رد ﻦﯾا لﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي

ﺮﯿﺧا صﻮﺼﺧ رد ةﻮﺤﻧ

ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﺎﻫ ي و ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﺑ

وﯾ هﮋ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣوود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ فﻼﺘﺧا

ﺎﻫﺮﻈﻧ ي ﯽﻟﺎﻫا و نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ

ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺶﻟﺎﭼ و ﺶﻨﺗ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻪﺑ دراﻮﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣوود ﻪﻧﺎﺳر

ﺎﻫ ﺰﯿﻧ تﺎﻋﻮﺒﻄﻣ و ﻨﻣ

ﺮﺠ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ و لﻮﺻا زا ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺢﻄﺳ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺑﯿ

ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ياﺮﺑ رادا ة ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ،ﺪﻨﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺧ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻊﻓر و

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ياﺮﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﻠﺧاد ﻂﯿﺤﻣ و دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،عﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﺑ ﯿﻤﻫا ﯽﺷزرو

ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﺖ دراد

سﺎﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ .

،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﯾ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ ﯽﻠﺻا بﻮﻠﻄﻣ

شزرو رد ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ود

ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﺮﺑ

ﺳر ﯽ ﺪﺷ .

شور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﯿﻫر زا ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ دﺮﮑﯾور ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي و ود شزرو رد نآ دﺎﻌﺑا و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ

دﺮﺒﻫار ﻪﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ ،ﺪﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ

دﺎﯿﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻟد ﯿ ﻞ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،نآ صﺎﺧ .ﺖ

1. Makarychev & Yatsyk

2. Mega Events

3. Roman

ﻦﯿﯿﺒﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻗو ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يدﺮﺒﻫار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﻢﯿﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ي و ﻦﯿﻨﺗرآ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2009

رد .(

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ،ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻦﯾا هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ

دﺎﯿﻨﺑ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ار ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﻪﺑ وﯾ هﮋ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﻪﮐ ﺮﻈﻧ ﯾﻪ ﺎﻫ ي دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ

ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﻦﯿﯿﺒﺗ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺒﻧ ي هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ

دﺎﯿﻨﺑ ﻣ ﯽ ناﻮﺗ عﻮﻗو رﺎﺑود ة ﻦﯾا ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ داﺮﻓا ﺎﯾ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ، ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ

ار ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻨﺑ ي زا .دﺮﮐ ﻦﯾا ور

نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ،ﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﯾﻪ ا ي و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﻪﺑ

يﺮﯿﮔرﺎﮐ

هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ دﺎﯿﻨﺑ

ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺖﺳا

، هزﺎﺟا ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ اﺮﯾز ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻫد و زﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﻫذ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧارود

ﯾ ﺶ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و يروآدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ و يرواد هداد

ﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﺑ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .دزادﺮﭙﺑ ﻫر

ﯿ ﺖﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ دﺎﯿﻨﺑ

، يرﺰﯿﻠﮔ) ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯿﻫر زا لﺎﺳ رد ﺖﻓﺎﯿﻫر ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ (1

1992 ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد و ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺨﺴﻧ

ﮥ ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ

دﺎﯿﻨﺑ ) ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻦﯿﻨﺗرآ

2009 ﺖﻓﺎﯿﻫر ﻦﯾا .(

دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ

ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ ﻦﯿﺑرﻮﮐ و سواﺮﺘﺳا) ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ دﺮﮑﯾور ﻪﺑ يدراﻮﻣ رد ،(2

توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ ي زا .دراد رﻮﮐﺬﻣ دﺮﮑﯾور ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا وﯾ

ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي دﺮﮑﯾور

ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ و ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ) ﺖﺳا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ دﻮﺧ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﮔ

،رﺰﯿﻠ 1998 دﺮﮑﯾور رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .(

ﯽﻠﺻا ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ دراد زﺎﯿﻧ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ3

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا ؛ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ار

ياﺮﺑ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺮﻫ زا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ فﺪﻫ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ

ا ي زا ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا و ﯽﻠﺻا ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﻒﺸﮐ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،ﺖﺴﯿﻧ

ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺎﯾ لاﺆﺳ ﺮﻫ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

ا ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ

، ﻪﺑ برﺎﺠﺗ يﺎﯿﻧد رد يﺰﯿﭼ ﻪﭼ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا كرد رد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ

ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﺪﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ،ﺖﺳا نﺎﯾﺮﺟ رد ازا

ﯾ ﻦ ور ﻤﻫ ﮥ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ زﺎﯿﻧ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ

يﺎﻫ ) ﺪﻨﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ و ﻦﯿﻨﯿﺗرآ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2009

ﯽﻌﻗاو و هدﺎﺳ ؛دراد دﻮﺟو يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎﯾ عﻮﻧ ود ،ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ دﺮﮑﯾور رد .(

ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﻟوا رد .4

هداد ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﮑﺷ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ و هوﺮﮔ

ﺪﻨﺑ ي هﺪﺷ ،زﺎﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻌﻗاو يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ رد و ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﺎﻫ و وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ) ،ﯽﻧﻮﻟآ و ﺰﻧﻮﺟ 2011

زا .(

ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ دﺮﮑﯾور رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﺮﮕﯾد ناﺪﺑ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،دﺮﮐ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺪﻧا زا ﯾ ﺖﺷﻮﻧدﺎ رﺎﮕﻧ ي شرﺎﮕﻧ و ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ،يرﻮﺤﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ،

دﺎﯾ .ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﺷﻮﻧ

ﺎﻫ شراﺰﮔ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﻧازادﺮﭘ ﮥ اﯾ هﺪ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻂﺑاور و ﺎﻫﺪﮐ درﻮﻣ رد ﺖﺳا ﺮﮑﻓ ﻪﺑ

ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ ﺮﮔ رﻮﻄﺧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ

) ﻤﻫ و دﺮﻓ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاد ﮑ

،نارﺎ 1394 .(

ﺮﻈﻧ ﯾﻪ نازادﺮﭘ هداد دﺎﯿﻨﺑ ﯾ ﺖﺷﻮﻧدﺎ رﺎﮕﻧ ي ار ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻊﻤﺟ

روآ ي هداد ﺎﻫ ﻦﺘﺷﻮﻧ و ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﻮﻧ ﯾ ﺴ ﯽ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ زا

ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ) ،ﺰﻣرﺎﭼ 2007 ،يﺪﻌﺑ مﺪﻗ رد .(

ﯾ ﺖﺷﻮﻧدﺎ ﺎﻫ د ﻪﺘﺳ ﺪﻨﺑ ي

5 ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ناﺮﮕﯾد ﻪﺑ ﻪﺋارا ياﺮﺑ يﺮﻈﻧ ندﺮﮐ ﻪﻟﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺪﯿﻠﮐ رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ

.ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ و ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻪﮐ ﯾ

ﺖﺷﻮﻧدﺎ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧا

، ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻂﺑاور ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﺑ عوﺮﺷ ﻣ

ﯽ ﻨﮐ ﯿ ﻢ ﻦﯾا . ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ هﺪﻧاﻮﺧ يرﻮﺤﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻣ

ﯽ دﻮﺷ .

ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ي يﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺳو ﯿﻠ ﮥ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﮑﺷ

هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺿﺮﻓ ﯿﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﮑﯾ ار ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ، ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯾا . ﺿﺮﻓ ﯿﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﮏﯾ رد

ﻞﻤﻋ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و دﺮﻓ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاد 1394

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ زا ﻪﺘﺳد نآ ﻪﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ندﺮﮐ دوﺪﺤﻣ يﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ .(

) ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يرﻮﺤﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻦﯿﻨﺗرآ

2009 ،ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .(

ﻣز ﯽﻧﺎ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﮕﯾﺪﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ و

لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ

ﯾﻪ زﺎﺳ ي هداد ﻞﮑﺷ دﺎﯿﻨﺑ ﻣ

ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ و ﻣ

ﯽ دﻮﺷ .

ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺎﻫ يداﺮﻓا ، ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ و ﺮﺒﺧ

ة ود و ،نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ

ناور و ﯽﺷزرو نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺳا

نادﺎﺘ ﺮﺒﺧ ة ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺮﯿﻈﻧ يدراﻮﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻦﯾا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا كﻼﻣ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻟﺄﺗ

ﯿ تﺎﻔ رد ﻨﯿﻣز ﮥ ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﮥ رد ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ و ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ﺎﻫ ي ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ و ردﺎﻣ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

هﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﯿﻟوا ﮏﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد .دﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي يراددﻮﺧ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

، اﺮﯾز تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ شور

1. Glaserian Grounded Theory

2. Strauss and Corbins Approach

3. Main Concern

4. Simple & Substantive

5. Sorting

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ود نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﻓ رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻤﮑﺣ يﺎﻫ

و ... ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ

319

) ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﯽﻨﻏ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺰﯾوﺮﭘ

1389 .(

ازا ﯾ ﻦ ور اﺪﺘﺑا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي

ﺎﺑ ﻖﻤﻋ 23 ﯿﺳر مﺎﻤﺗا ﻪﺑ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر و هﺮﺒﺧ ﺮﻔﻧ ) ﺪ

و ﻞﯾﺰﭙﺳا ،ﺮﺘﻨﭘرﺎﮐ

2003 ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .(

ﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﮥ نﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺒﻣ رﺰﯿﻠﮔ ﻧﻻﻮﻃ

ﯽ تﺪﻣ

ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﺞﻨﭘ

بﺎﺨﺘﻧا زا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﺎﺗ داد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ هﺎﻣ ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣ

يرﻮﺤﻣ

.ﺪﻨﮐ بﺎﻨﺘﺟا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ي زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ ﺎﺑ يدﺮﻓ ﻖﯿﻤﻋ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ

45 ﺎﺗ 90 لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻣ

ﯽ ﻣﺎﺠﻧا ﯿﺪ و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷ

ﺎﺗ ﻫﯿ ﭻ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ شﻮﻣاﺮﻓ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻧ

ﻮﺸ د ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺰﯿﻠﮔ دﺮﮑﯾور ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ . ﻤﻫ

ﮥ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ

ﺶﺳﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا ،ﺪﻧداﺪﻧ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﮑﯾ

ﺪﺷ ﯽﻌﺳ ﯽﺗﻻاﺆﺳ حﺮﻃ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺎﻫ .دﻮﺷ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ رد ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ و ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي هداد ﺎﻫ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎﺗ ﮥ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﺎﻫ

نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ و ﺢﺿاو

ﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد نﺎﮑﻣا ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺟ ﺎﺗ ، هداد

ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﺟ ﯾ ﺮﺗﺪ دﻮﺒﻧ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ

، .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا

ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﯾاور زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ياﺮﺑ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺎﻫ ي دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ دﺮﺒﻫار ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﺰﯿﻤﻣ ﺮﻓ

اﯾ ﺪﻨ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

؛دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﯾاور ﻪﺑ

ﺎﺟ ي ﺗ ﯾﺄ ،ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ نارواد ﺐﻧﺎﺟ زا در ﺎﯾ ﺪﯿ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﯾاور ياﺮﺑ .دﻮﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ لﺎﻌﻓ

ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ

ﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﮥ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺎﺑ تﺎﯿﺑدا ﻪﺑ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ترﻮﺻ

ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻢﻫ ا

ﯽﻧورد مﺎﺠﺴﻧا و ﺪﻧ ،ﺪﻧراد

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ زا زا ﯽﻨﻏ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ،ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ

ﮥ هداد ﺪﺣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ،نآ يروآدﺮﮔ لﻮﻃ رد ﺎﻫ و

ﺶﯿﭘ ﻦﺘﺷاد و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زﺮﻣ ﺲﯾﻮﻧ

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﮥ هداد ﯽﯾاور ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ كراﺪﻣ و دﺎﻨﺳا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ رد

شور رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ،ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﯾﺎﺑ ﺪ ياﺮﺑ ﻫ ﺮ ماﺪﮐ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ زا ﺖﻔﻫ

ﻧﺎﮔ ﮥ درﻮﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺗ دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ و ﻖﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﮑﺗا ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺮﻫ رد رﺎﺒﺘﻋا .

،ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ،ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ،عﻮﺿﻮﻣ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا رد ﻪﺨﺴﻧ

رادﺮﺑ ي و ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ، ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ

نﻮﻣزآ زﺎﺑ يﺎﯾﺎﭘ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

نﻮﻣزآ زﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،ﺪﺷ 82

/ 0 ﺎﺑ و دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد زا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

6/

0 ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ار ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺘﺷاد

ﺪﻧا . هوﻼﻋ لﻮﺻا ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ

هﺪﺷ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ هﺪﺷﺪ رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد مﺮﻓ ﮏﯾ رد 14

زا ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺷ راﺮﻗ

لوا نﻮﺘﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ نﻮﺘﺳ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺎﺑ مﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﮥﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﯽﻠﺻا

، ﯽﻋﺮﻓ تﻻﻮﻘﻣ مود نﻮﺘﺳ زﯾ

ﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣﺮ ﮥ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ مﻮﺳ نﻮﺘﺳ و نآ

وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ندﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ مرﺎﻬﭼ نﻮﺘﺳ رد ؛ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ رد ار ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﺎﻫ ي و فرﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا و ﯽﻋﺮﻓ وﯾ

ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ هﺪﯿﺳﺮﭘ

زا ﺮﺧآ نﻮﺘﺳ رد و ﺪﺷ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ ﺮﻈﻧ

يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾ ار دﻮﺧ ﯽﻠﯿﻤﮑﺗ و ﯽﺣﻼﺻا ﻊﻤﺟ

ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا

ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﯾاور ﯾﺄ

ﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﺷآ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ زا ﻦﺗ ود ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﺪﯿ هداد ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ

دﺎﯿﻨﺑ ،يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﺮﺑ

مﻮﻬﻔﻣ زﺎﺳ ي .ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ترﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و تﻻﻮﻘﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ،

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

لوﺪﺟ 1 تﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ رد ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد . لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻣ

ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ندﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺎﻫ ي نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

.دﺮﮐ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ

لوﺪﺟ 1 . تﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ رد

داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ

2 6 15

ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

يﺮﺘﮐد تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ

21 2

ﻪﻠﺑ

ﺮﯿﺧ شزرو رد ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ