Sport Digital Economy Development Strategies in Iran

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Sport Digital Economy Development Strategies in Iran

Shahnaz Karimian¹ , Asra Askari²^ , Zynalabedin Fallah³ , Taher Bahlakeh⁴

1 Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran.

2. Corresponding Author, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

3. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran.

4. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran.

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

15 June 2021 Received in revised form:

12 July 2021 Accepted:

27 July 2021 Published online:

16 November 2022

Keywords:

Digitalization, Digital Economics, Sports Economics,

Information Technology in sport

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine development strategies of sport digital economy in Iran.

Methods: This research was a qualitative research in terms of data collection method, which was conducted by grounded theory method and systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and a semi-structured qualitative interview was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study included the scientific and executive elites who had experience in the fields of economics, technology, IT, e-commerce, digital businesses and digital economy and a total of 21 interviews were conducted. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used as 31 open codes were obtained in five categories.

Results: Using new digital media in sport, smartening of sports services and processes, employing skilled staff in the field of information technology in sports, designing sport platforms and applications, supporting sports entrepreneurs and startups were strategies for developing digital economy of sports in Iran.

Conclusion: Due to the fact that today the market environment has changed from its traditional form to digitalization, therefore, organizations, federations, clubs and sports-related jobs must implement the proposed strategies according to their circumstances.

Cite this article: Karimian, Sh., Askari, A., Fallah, Z., & Bahlakeh, T. (2022).Sport Digital Economy Development Strategies in Iran. Sport Management Journal, 14 (3), 217-227.

DOR:http://doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2021.325606.2742

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ExtendedAbstract

Introduction

Sports after experiencing an economic leap with the transition from print media such as newspapers and magazines to audio and visual media such as television and radio; Now, with the advancement of information technology and the emergence of computers, the Internet, mobile phones and social networks, it is experiencing another economic leap, and Iran's sports will inevitably follow this global trend. In fact, after the combination of sports activities and economy (sports economy) with the advancement of information and communication technology, a third side named digital has been added to these two, which has led to the formation of the sports digital economy triangle.

Digital economy is an economy in which value creation is based on digital technologies and its backbone is communication to build an ecosystem between people, organizations and technological infrastructure. The digital economy in Iran, like other areas, has entered the country with a little delay and has a different situation from the advanced countries of the world, which is due to the lack of proper communication infrastructure and to some extent the economic conditions of Iran. The entry of digital economy into sports is also inevitable and is in its early stages; But if sports organizations want to benefit more from its benefits, they should accept it more quickly and consider a special place for it in their strategies. Therefore, this research sought to provide strategies for the development of the digital economy in Iranian sports.

Methods

This research is a type of qualitative research that was conducted using the grounded theory method. A semi- structured qualitative interview was used to collect the required information and data. The interviews proceeded until reaching theoretical saturation, until no new code was obtained in the last five interviews, and a total of 21 interviews were conducted.

The statistical population of the research included the scientific and executive elites of the country's sports, who had research or executive work experience in the fields of economics, technology, information and communication technology, e- commerce, digital businesses, and digital economy. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball, in such a way that the previous findings were a criterion for selecting the next sample until reaching theoretical saturation. To analyze the obtained data, three-stage coding including open coding, axial coding and selective coding was used.

Results

The findings showed that using new and digital media in sports, supporting the smartening of sports services and processes, training and employing skilled human resources in the field of information technology in sports, supporting the design of sports platforms and applications and Supporting sports entrepreneurs and startups were the main strategies for the development of the digital economy in Iranian sports.

Conclusion

Finally, it should be said that digitization has affected all parts of the supply chain of sports organizations at the global level, from internal processes and management of suppliers to the customers (athletes, fans, media, financial sponsors, places, equipment, participation, training, talent acquisition) , sports events) has been affected. The sports industry in Iran will also go in this direction, willingly or unwillingly, but it is necessary to increase the speed of moving towards the digital economy and its development in sports, and instead of consuming and passive approach to these changes, an active approach should be adopted, which will ultimately develop the economic development of sports. and, accordingly, lead to the development of the sport itself.

Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:

Funding: The research was done without using financial resources

Authors’ contribution: The authors have contributed equally

Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest

Acknowledgments: This research was done with the guidance of distinguished professors and the cooperation of research participants.

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يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

نﺎﯿﻤﯾﺮﮐ زﺎﻨﻬﺷ ،1

يﺮﮑﺴﻋ اﺮﺳا

2

، 

ﻦﯾز حﻼﻓ ﻦﯾﺪﺑﺎﻌﻟا

، 3

ﻪﮑﻠﻬﺑ ﺮﻫﺎﻃ

4

1 . هوﺮﮔ ﺑﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ ، ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا مﻮﻠﻋ ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺪﺣاو ﯽﻣﻼﺳا

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . gmail.com

@ 5416 shahnazkarimian

2 .

،لوﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ

ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺪﺣاو ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا مﻮﻠﻋ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .

[email protected]

3.

،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

ة ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺪﺣاو ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا مﻮﻠﻋ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .

[email protected]

4 . ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

ة ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺪﺣاو ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا مﻮﻠﻋ .

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار [email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 25 / 03 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ي 21 /4 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 5/

5/

1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 25 /8 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ،يزﺎﺳ ،لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

،شزرو دﺎﺼﺘﻗا شزرو رد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا زا فﺪﻫ ﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﮥ شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا .دﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾا

:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور يروآدﺮﮔ شور ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا

هداد ﺎﻫ عﻮﻧ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ي يرﻮﺌﺗ دﺪﻧاﺮﮔ شور ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ

دﺮﮑﯾور و مﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﯿﺑرﻮﮐ و سواﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

زا و ﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﮥ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ياﺮﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي هداد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ

.ﺪﺷ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا و ﯽﻤﻠﻋ نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﻣآ هزﻮﺣ

ﺎﻫ ي ،يروﺎﻨﻓ ،دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ترﺎﺠﺗ ،IT

،ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺐﺴﮐ

ﺎﻫرﺎﮐو ي عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا و لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد 21

مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

ياﺮﺑ .

ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ هداد ﺎﻫ ﻪﺳ زا ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ي ﺳا ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا و يرﻮﺤﻣ ،زﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘ

31 رد زﺎﺑ ﺪﮐ 5

.ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ : ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ ي و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ،شزرو رد ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد و ﻦﯾﻮﻧ اﺮﻓ

ﯾ ﺎﻫﺪﻨ ي ،ﯽﺷزرو

و شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي رد ﺮﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﯿﻧ زﻮﺣ

ة ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ،شزرو رد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ مﺮﻔﺘﻠﭘ

ﺎﻫ و ﻠﭘا ﯿ ﻦﺸﮑ ﺎﻫ ي

و نﺎﻨﯾﺮﻓآرﺎﮐ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ و ﯽﺷزرو پﺎﺗرﺎﺘﺳا

ﺎﻫ ي يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار زا ﯽﺷزرو ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

.ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي : ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ اﯾ ﻪﮑﻨ هزوﺮﻣا ﺎﻀﻓ ي زا رازﺎﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺘﻨﺳ ﯽ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﺖﻤﺳ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﻐﺗ

ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ،ﺖﺳا ازا ﯾ ﻦ ور

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ، ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﺎﻫ ، هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ و ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﯾﺪ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ار يدﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ،تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻦﻤﺿ

.ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ

دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : نﺎﯿﻤﯾﺮﮐ ، زﺎﻨﻬﺷ

؛ يﺮﮑﺴﻋ ، اﺮﺳا ؛ حﻼﻓ ، زﯾ ﻦ ﺪﺑﺎﻌﻟا ﯾ ﻦ ﺮﻫﺎﻃ ،ﻪﮑﻠﻬﺑ و )

1401 .(

يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﮥ ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا .

ﺮﺸﻧ ﮥﯾ ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ ، )3 ( 14 ،

217-227 .

2021.325606.2742

JSM.

/ 10.22059 DOR:http://doi.org/

،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد :ﺮﺷﺎﻧ ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

ة مﻮﻠﻋ ﺷزرو ﯽ و ﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ ﯽ . .نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

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220

ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ ،مﻮﺳ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو 1401

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ لﺎﺣ رد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ رد ﻢﻟﺎﺳ تﺎﺤﯾﺮﻔﺗ و شزرو ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻪﺑ ﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﮥ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻢﻬﻣ و ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﺪﺷر رد يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﯽﻠﻣ

رد ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﻦﯾﺮﺗازﺪﻣآرد زا و ﺖﺳا ةﺪﺳ

ﺖﺴﯿﺑ و ﻢﮑﯾ ﻪﺑ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻣ ﯽ دور هﺎﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺒﺗر ﮥ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳوردﻮﺧ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد نآ 50

راﺮﻗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ لﺎﺳ ﻣ

ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ ،يﺮﻔﻌﺟ و نﺎﯾﺮﮑﺴﻋ) 2007

.(

و ﻪﺘﻓر ﺮﺗاﺮﻓ فﺮﺻ ﯽﻨﻨﻔﺗ و ﯽﺤﯾﺮﻔﺗ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا شزرو ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ رد

ﻦﯿﺷﺎﻣ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ

دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ي ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻣﯿ

ﻠﯿ نﻮ ﺎﻫ دراد ﺪﻣآرد رﻻد .

ور ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ

و شزرو ﻪﺑ مدﺮﻣ ﺪﺷر ﻻﺎﮐ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ

ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﺎﻫ ﺐﺒﺳ

هﺪﺷ

ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا رﻮﺧرد ﯽﯾازﺪﻣآرد ﺪﻧور شزرو ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ

ا ي ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا رد ﯽﯾاﺰﺴﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ و ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ار ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. رﻮﻬﻇ شزرو ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

نرﺪﻣ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻧﺎﺴﻧا

ﯽ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﯾ ﮏ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﺟ ﯾﺪ ﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﯽ ﺖﺳا ﺮﭽﯾر و ﮓﻨﯿﻨﯿﻣ ،ﺮﮕﻧﻻ) ،1

2018 ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،شزرو و دﺎﺼﺘﻗا دﺎﻬﻧ ود ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ .(

ﻞﮑﺷ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي .ﺖﺳا هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ هﺪﺷ شزرو دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

زا ﺲﭘ شزرو ﻪﮑﻧآ

زا راﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ ار يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺶﻬﺟ ﮏﯾ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﭘﺎﭼ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧزور ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ تﺎﯾﺮﺸﻧ و ر

ﻪﻧﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﯿﻈﻧ يﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ و ﯽﺗﻮﺻ

دﺮﮐ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻮﯾدار و نﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮﻠﺗ

، ﺶﯾاﺪﯿﭘ و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﺎﺑ نﻮﻨﮐا ﻪﻧﺎﯾار

و ﻞﯾﺎﺑﻮﻣ ،ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ، ﺒﺷ

ﻪﮑ ﺎﻫ ي يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺶﻬﺟ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا

ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ار يﺮﮕﯾد ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺲﭘ ﻊﻗاو رد .دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺪﻧور ﻦﯾا زا يوﺮﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯾﺰﮔﺎﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ناﺮﯾا شزرو و ا

ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ز ﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي و ﯽﺷزرو

ﻓﺎﺿا ود ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﺳ ﻊﻠﺿ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﺎﺑ (شزرو دﺎﺼﺘﻗا) دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ هﺪﺷ ﻪ

ﻞﮑﺷ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شزرو لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺚﻠﺜﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ

زا

» ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ا ي و دﺎﺼﺘﻗا زا ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا

و ﻞﯾﺎﺑﻮﻣ ،ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

ﺎﻫ نﺎﮑﻣا ﺬﭘ ﯾﺮ ﺷ هﺪ ﺖﺳا .«

تﺎﮑﺴﭙﺗ ند رﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻟوا لﺎﺳ رد2

1995 ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ زا ﻪﺑ

ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﺘﮐ رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا مﺎﻧ

ﻦﯿﻤﻫ دﺮﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧور ناﻮﻨﻋ .

ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻖﻠﺧ هرﺎﺒﮑﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا دﺎﺼﺘﻗا .ﺖﺳا هداد ﻞﮑﺷ ار نآ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﺪﻧور ﮏﯾ

ﯽﻣ ار لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﺮﯿﺳ ناﻮﺗ

ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﯾ ﺘﻓﺎ ﮥ رد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻫد

ﮥ 1970 ﺶﻧاد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ، رد نﺎﯿﻨﺑ

ﻫد ﮥ 1980 رد ﻦﯾﻮﻧ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ، ﻫد

ﮥ 1990 دﺎﺼﺘﻗا و

رد ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا و ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻫد

ﮥ لوا 2000 ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﮐ دﺮ ) يﻮﮐﻮﯿﮐ ،3

2011 ( لﺎﻤﺟ و ﺎﻫﺎﻤﮔ . ﻦﯾﺪﻟا

)4

2006 يروﺎﻨﻓ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ار لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،(

ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ياﺮﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا زا يا

ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،يﺰﯾر

ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . بآﻮﺷ

5 ) 2017 ( بﺎﺘﮐ رد

ﺘﻌﻨﺻ بﻼﻘﻧا ﯽ

مرﺎﻬﭼ

ﻖﯿﻤﻋ هﺎﮕﻧ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻪﺑ يﺮﺗ

راد ﻪﺳ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ زا ﺲﭘ وا .د

،ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ بﻼﻘﻧا دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ار بﻼﻘﻧا ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ

مرﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﯿﻣﺎﻧ . ﺖﺤﺗ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻦﯾا رد ﺛﺄﺗ

ﯿﺮ ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﯽﻣﺎﻧﻮﺳ

؛ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﻪﻧ

ﺎﻬﻨﺗ رﻮﻬﻇ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﺪﯾﺪﺟ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ

، ﯽﻣ ﻪﺋارا ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾدﺮﯿﻏ ﻦﯾا زا ﺶﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺘﻨﺳ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﻪﺑ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻦﯾا رد ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﺷ

ﺖﺤﺗ روﺮﻣ ﺛﺄﺗ

ﯿﺮ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ )

،بآﻮﺷ 2017 (.

ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ رد ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ ﺛﺄﺗ

ﯿﺮ ﺪﯾﺪﭘ ة ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد راﺮﻗ يزﺎﺳ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﺪﻧا ﻪﮑﻧﺎﻨﭼ ؛ ﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯿ ﻢ زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو

دﻮﺧ ياﺮﺑ بو

ﺎﺳ ﯾﺘ ﯽ رد ،ﺪﻧراد ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ ي لﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ا

زا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ و ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ شوﺮﻓ ،ﺪﻧ

و ﺖﯾﺎﺳ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ مﺮﻧ

ﺎﻫراﺰﻓا ي ار ﯾ ﻪﻧﺎ ا ي مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻠﯾﺎﺑﻮﻣ و ﻣ

ﯽ ﺮﯿﮔ د و ﺐﺴﮐ ﺎﻫرﺎﮐو ي ﻪﻨﯾﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ شزرو نﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ يدﺎﯾز ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا

نوﺮﻔﻧﺎﯿﮐ و

6 ) 2013 ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ( ﻪﻧﺎﺳر

ﺎﻫ ي ﺲﯿﻓ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا زا ﻊﯾﺎﺷ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ نﺪﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ لﺎﺣ رد كﻮﺑ

ﺘﺨﯿﻣآ ﮥ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺗﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو و ﯽﺤﯾﺮﻔﺗ ﺪﻧا

. ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﻤﯾد

7 ) 2015 ﺮﺑ ( ﻄﺑار ﮥ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻟﺎﻣ

ﮐﺄﺗ ﯿﺪ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ . ﺎﻨﺋﺎﺑ )8

2016 ( ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد

» ﺶﻘﻧ ﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ي ﺎﻫ ي هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ و ﻦﯾﻼﻧآ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ رد

ﺪﻧﺮﺑ ﺗﯿ ﻢ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو

« ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد

1. Langer, Maennig & Richter

2. Don Tapscott

3. Ciocoiu

4. Gumaha and Jamaludin

5. Schwab

6. Bayne & Cianfrone

7. Dima

8. Baena

(5)

يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

221

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ نﺎﻣز رد نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ

.ﺪﻧراد هوﻼﻋ

،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ

ﯾ ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﮑ زﺎﺳ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر

ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا گﻼﺑو

ﺎﻫ ،بﻮﯿﺗﻮﯾ ، ﺲﯿﻓ

،ﺮﺘﯿﯾﻮﺗ و كﻮﺑ ﺗﯿ

ﻢ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﯽﺷزرو رد ار دﻮﺧ رﻮﻀﺣ

ﺎﻘﺗرا ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﯽﻣ

ﺪﻨﻫد و ﻦﻤﺠﻧا ﺎﻫ ي دﺎﺠﯾا يزﺎﺠﻣ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ و ﺪﻧﺮﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا رد ﻪﮐ ﺮﯿﮔرد

ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ و ناراداﻮﻫ ندﺮﮐ ﺪﻧﺮﺛﺆﻣ

،ﺎﻨﺋﺎﺑ) 2016 .(

ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ رد ﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ هزﻮﺣ

ﺎﻫ ي ،ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺘﺣ و ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ترﺎﺠﺗ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺐﺴﮐ

رﺎﮐو ناﺮﯾا رد شزرو رد ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا

مﺎﺠﻧا ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪ ﺖﺳا ، ﯽﮕﻤﻫ اﯾ ﺎﻬﻨ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا زا ﯽﯾاﺰﺟا و ﺎﻫدﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ

ﺑﺎﺜﻣ ﮥ ،يﺮﺘﭼ ﻤﻫ ﮥ ﺎﻬﻧآ رد ار ﻣﺮﺑ ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ .

ازا ﯾ ﻦ ور يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار و شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ رﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻟوا ياﺮﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ناﺮﯾا رد نآ ﻣ

ﯽ دزادﺮﭘ .

ﻊﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﭽﻧآ يﺪﻨﺑ ر لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ناﻮﺗ

دﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ا يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ نآ رد شزرا دﺎﺠﯾا ﻪﮐ

لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا

ﯽﺗﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ،نآ تاﺮﻘﻓ نﻮﺘﺳ و ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،مدﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﯾز و ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧاروﺎﻨﻓ يﺎﻫ .ﺖﺳا

دﺎﺼﺘﻗا دﯾ ﺠ ﯿ لﺎﺘ ﯾا رد ناﺮ

هزﻮﺣ ﺮﮕﯾد نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻤﮐ ﯽ ﺧﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﺿوا و هﺪﺷ رﻮﺸﮐ دراو يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ زا ﺮﺗ

ﺘﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﮥ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ندﻮﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ دراد ﺎﯿﻧد

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﯾز دﻮﺒﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺷ يدوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ و ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ناﺮﯾا يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻂﯾاﺮ ﻣزﺎﺑ

ﯽ ددﺮﮔ و ﺖﺳا ﺮﯾﺰﮔﺎﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ شزرو ﻪﺑ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا دورو . رد

مﺎﮔ ﺎﻫ ي ﯿﻟوا ﮥ ﺎﻣا ؛دراد راﺮﻗ دﻮﺧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ نآ يﺎﯾاﺰﻣ زا ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺨﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﯽﺷزرو هﺮﻬﺑ

ﺪﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

، ار نآ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ

هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار رد و ﺪﻧﺮﯾﺬﭙﺑ وﯾ

هﮋ ا ي .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮕﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ رد نآ ياﺮﺑ ار ﻦﯾازا

ور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﯽﭘ رد

ارا ﺋﮥ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

.ﺖﺳا ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد

شور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

يروآدﺮﮔ شور ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا هداد

ﺎﻫ عﻮﻧ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﯾ يرﻮﺌﺗ دﺪﻧاﺮﮔ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻔﯿﮐ هداد

دﺎﯿﻨﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا1

ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪ

.ﺖﺳا دﺪﻧاﺮﮔ رﻮﺌﺗ ي ﮏﯾ شور ﻪـﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هداد

ﺎـﻫ

، ﺮﻈﻧ ﯾ ﻪـ ا ي ﯾﻮـﮑﺗ ﻦ ﻣ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ ﯾﺮﻈﻧ شور . ﮥ

هداد دﺎـﯿﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ

لﻮـﻤﻌﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺳ ﺮـﺟا ﻞﮑﺷ ا

ي مﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا اﺮﮔازﺎﺳ و ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﻮﻧ ، ﻣ

ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ زا

ﻮﯿﺷ ة مﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﻣ ﺖﺳا هﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا .ا

ﯾ ﻦ

شور ﻪﮐ اﺮﺘﺳا و س و ﺑرﻮﮐ ﯿ ﻦ عاﺪﺑا ار نآ2

هدﺮـﮐ ﺪـﻧا سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ، هداد

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿﺪ ﺮﻈﻧ ﯾﻪ ﻣ ﯽ دزادﺮـﭘ . زا ﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﮥ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ياﺮﺑ

ﻊﻤﺟ هداد و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻤﻨﻫار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﻣ ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ، ﺘﺳﺮﻬﻓ زا ﯽ

تﻻاﺆﺳ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و شور ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧاﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﻞﮑﺷ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ي ﻣ

ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ . ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻓر ﺶﯿﭘ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ

ﯽﯾﺎﺟ ﺎﺗ ﺞﻨﭘ رد ﻪﮐ ﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ

ﮥ يﺪﯾﺪﺟ (ﺪﮐ) فﺮﺣ ،ﺮﺧآ ﻪﺑ

عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد و ﺪﻣﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺳد 21

مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

. ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﻣآ

رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا و ﯽﻤﻠﻋ نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ هزﻮﺣ

ﺎﻫ ي ،ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ترﺎﺠﺗ ،تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ ،يروﺎﻨﻓ ،دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺐﺴﮐ

ﺎﻫرﺎﮐو ي

لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا و لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﻘﺑﺎﺳ

ﮥ شور .ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﺎﯾ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رﺎﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي و ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﻟﻮﻠﮔ

دﻮﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﺑ

، ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﮐﻼﻣ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﮥ ياﺮﺑ .دﻮﺑ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ يﺪﻌﺑ ﺰﺠﺗ

ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ هداد ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ زا

ﻪﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي رد .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ و يرﻮﺤﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ،زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﮥ ،زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ هداد

ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻗد

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﺷ

و هداد ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﻌﻣ رﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد

، يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﯽﮐﺮﺘﺸﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﺖﺤﺗ هﺪﺷ

ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ

هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ ﺪﺷ

. رد ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﺤﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ،مود ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﺖﺳا ﯽﻠﺻا تﻻﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻋﺮﻓ تﻻﻮﻘﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

.

ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و ﯽﯾاور ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ود ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ شور زا )

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺬﭘراﺮﮑﺗ ﯾﺮ ي ( رد ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ و ﻠﺻﺎﻓ

ﮥ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز )

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺛ تﺎﺒ (

ﺑ ؛ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺶﺷ ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪ

ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد

ي يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﺪﺷ

ه ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﺷ

ﺪ .ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ زا

زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﯽﻌﻄﻗ 65

رد يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ

ﺖﺷاد ﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﺷآ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ زا ﻦﺗ ود ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ

هداد ،يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﺮﺑ دﺎﯿﻨﺑ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ

زﺎﺳ ي اﺮﺨﺘﺳا ، ج ﻮﻘﻣ ﻻ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ت ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ترﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ

نﺎﯾﺎﺷ. ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،شراﺰﮔ ﻦﯾا رد ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ

ياﺰﺟا زا ﯽﮑﯾ يور ﺞﻨﭘ

ﻧﺎﮔ ﮥ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﻦﯿﺑرﻮﮐ و سواﺮﺘﺳا لﺪﻣ

1. Grounded Theory

2. Strauss & Corbin

(6)

222 ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ ،مﻮﺳ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

1401

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

لوﺪﺟ 1 وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮥ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﻣآ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﻒﯾدر

ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ

ﺘﺷر ﮥ ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﻘﺑﺎﺳ

/ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘﮥ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

يروﺎﻨﻓ شزرو دﺎﺼﺘﻗا شزرو

لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد

1 دﺮﻣ يﺮﺘﮐد

ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

* ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ يﺮﺘﮐد دﺮﻣ 2

* * ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ يﺮﺘﮐد دﺮﻣ 3

4 دﺮﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا IT

* ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ دﺮﻣ 5

* ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ دﺮﻣ 6

* ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺮﺘﮐد دﺮﻣ 7

* * ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا IT ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ نز 8

قﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا

* ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ دﺮﻣ 10

* ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا IT ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ دﺮﻣ 11

* ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ يﺮﺘﮐد نز 12

* ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا IT يﺮﺘﮐد دﺮﻣ 13

* * ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﮏﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ دﺮﻣ 14

15 نز يﺮﺘﮐد

ﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا

* * ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ يﺮﺘﮐد نز 16

17 دﺮﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا IT

* ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺮﺘﮐد دﺮﻣ 18

* * ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ يﺮﺘﮐد نز 19

ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

* ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ دﺮﻣ 21

*

لوﺪﺟ 2 يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﮥ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ار ناﺮﯾا رد شزرو لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

لوﺪﺟ 2 شزرو لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار

ﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﮥ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﮥ ﯽﻋﺮﻓ ﺪﮐ

راﺮﮑﺗ

ﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﻪﺑ

ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ

ي رد ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد و ﻦﯾﻮﻧ شزرو دﺎﺠﯾا

ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﯽﻧﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮﻠﺗ

14 شزرو رد ﯽﺻﻮﺼﺧياﻪﻧﺎﺳريﺎﻫﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ زﻮﺠﻣ روﺪﺻ 128 ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫهﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ وﺎﻫنﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟايﺎﻫﻪﮑﺒﺷ و ﺖﯾﺎﺳ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا شزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻫ ي رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد يزﺎﺠﻣ

7 ﺎﻫﺖﯾﺎﺳبونﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫدﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗيﯿﺮﮔرﺎﮐﻪﺑ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫﺖﯾﺎﺳبو ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا 7 تﺎﻣﺪﺧﮥ ﺋارا و نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرايﺎﻫﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ زا ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫنﺎﻣزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

6 رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو گرﺰﺑ يزﺎﺠﻣﮥ ﮑﺒﺷ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ

5

و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي يوﺮﯿﻧ

رد ﺮﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا زﻮﺣ

ة IT و يروﺎﻨﻓ شزرو رد

ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي و قﻼﺧ ،ناﻮﺟ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

زور رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد

15 شزرو و يروﺎﻨﻓة زﻮﺣ رد ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ يﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

10

يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ هرود ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ روﺎﻨﻓ

ي ﺎﻫ ي شزرو رد ﻦﯾﻮﻧ

6 رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد يﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳايﯿﺮﮔرﺎﮐﻪﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ 6 ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫنﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ رﻮﻣايرﺎﭙﺳنوﺮﺑ 5

(7)

يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

223

ﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﮥ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻟﻮﻘﻣ

ﮥ ﯽﻋﺮﻓ ﺪﮐ

راﺮﮑﺗ

ﺋارا ﮥ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺳرد يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو روﺎﻨﻓ

ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﯾﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯾﻮﻧ ﯽ

4 ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫنﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و شزرو ترازو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ دﺎﺠﯾا 4 ﯽﺷزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷآﯽﯾاﺰﻓاﺶﻧاديﺎﻫهرود يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ 3

ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ مﺮﻔﺘﻠﭘ ﺎﻫ و ﻠﭘا ﯿ ﻦﺸﮑ ﺎﻫ

ي ﯽﺷزرو

ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﻠﭘا

ﯿ ﻦﺸﮑ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو

159 ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻣﺪﺧهﺪﻨﻨﮐﻞﯿﻬﺴﺗيﺎﻫمﺮﻔﺘﻠﭘ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ

ﺷزرو ،ناراداﻮﻫ) رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﮏﻧﺎﺑ و هداد هﺎﮕﯾﺎﭘ دﺎﺠﯾا و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ،نارﺎﮑ

(...

8 ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا نﺎﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ وﺎﻫﻢﺗﯿ ﺮﺑ ﯿﺪﮐﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫيزﺎﺑ ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ

6 ﯽﺷزرو ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾاﯽﺷوﺮﻓﺖﻠﺑﯿ

4 ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﻼﯿﻬﺴﺗﮥ ﺋارا و ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا يراداﻮﻫيﺎﻫترﺎﮐ روﺪﺻ

4 ﯽﺷزرو يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ

3

و نﺎﻨﯾﺮﻓآرﺎﮐ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ پﺎﺗرﺎﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺷزرو نﺎﻨﯾﺮﻓآرﺎﮐ يرﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يروآﻮﻧ ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا

119 ﺖﻟود ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫپﺎﺗرﺎﺘﺳاﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻘﯾﻮﺸﺗيﺎﻫﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺐﺴﮐ قوﺪﻨﺻ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﯾﻪ راﺬﮔ ي زا ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﻄﺧ پﺎﺗرﺎﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو

6 ﯽﺷزرو ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ و ﮏﭼﻮﮐيﺎﻫرﺎﮐوﺐﺴﮐﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ

5 سرﻮﺑ و ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮﺳ رازﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫهﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ دورو ﻂﯾاﺮﺷيزﺎﺳﻢﻫاﺮﻓ 3

يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ اﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺎﻫﺪﻨ

ي ﯽﺷزرو

زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﯽﺷزرو

5

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺳ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ) نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد (BMS

رادا ة ﺎﻫﺮﺨﺘﺳا و ﻦﮐﺎﻣا ﯽﺷزر ي

5

ﺐﯿﻏﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺳﺄﺗ

ﯿ تﺎﺴ و تاﺰﯿﻬﺠﺗ ، ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﺎﻫ

4 (ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫيﺎﻫمﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا) ﯽﺷزرويﺎﻫمﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ 4

و ﺚﺤﺑ ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي

شزرو ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﺑ

ﻞﯿﻟد ﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﯿ ﻞ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻌﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ،نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ و ندﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺛﺄﺗ

ﯿﺮ ﻧور زا يدﺎﯾز .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﺪ

،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ فﺪﻫ ﺋارا

ﮥ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

.دﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾا رد شزرو لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﯾ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺑﻪ

ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ ي و ﻦﯾﻮﻧ

و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ،شزرو رد ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد اﺮﻓ

ﯾ ﺎﻫﺪﻨ ي و شزﻮﻣآ ،ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﺑ

ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﯿﻧ رد ﺮﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﻧ

زﻮﺣ ة يروﺎﻨﻓ

ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ،شزرو رد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا مﺮﻔﺘﻠﭘ

ﺎﻫ و ﻠﭘا ﯿ ﻦﺸﮑ ﺎﻫ ي و نﺎﻨﯾﺮﻓآرﺎﮐ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ و ﯽﺷزرو ﺗرﺎﺘﺳا

پﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار زا ﯽﺷزرو

ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ تﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ ﺎﺑ ﮏﯾﺮﻫ ﻪﻣادا رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﯽﻣ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ .

ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ ي رد ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد و ﻦﯾﻮﻧ شزرو

ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار زا ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

.دﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻟﺎﻌﻓ زﻮﺠﻣ روﺪﺻ

ﺖﯿ

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ا ي ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽ شزرو رد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ، ﮐ ﺖﯿﻔﯿ اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي بو ﺎﺳ ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺮﻃ زا ﻖﯾ ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد بو

ﺎﺳ ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ،

ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﮑﺒﺷ ﮥ زﺎﺠﻣ ي رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو گرﺰﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا ،

ﻠﺒﺗ تﺎﻐﯿ ﺮﻃ زا ﻖﯾ ﺎﺳ ﺖﯾ و ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ و هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو دﺎﺠﯾا ،ﯽ

ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﻠﺗ ﯽﻧﻮﯾﺰﯾ ا ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾ ﺷزرو هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﯽ زا

شزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻫ ي زﺎﺠﻣ ي رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ زا ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي طﺎﺒﺗرا

ﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ نﺎﯾ

، يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ

ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺑ دﺮﺒﻫار ﻦﯾا يزﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﻘﻋ

ة ﯽﻔﯿﻄﻟ دﺮﻓ يزورﻮﻧ و يرﺎﻔﺻ ، )

2020 ،(

ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ ي لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ

زا ﯽﻠﮑـﺷ روﺎﻨﻓ

ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻃا ﻼ رد ار ﯽﺗاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،نرﺪﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻋ ﻮﯿﺷ

ة ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ دﺎﺠﯾا شزرو ﺎـﺑ داﺮـﻓا و هدﺮﮐ

ﺪﻧا . و نﺎﻘﻫد ،يرﺪﯿﺣ ﯽﻠﻋ

ﺖﺳود

) 2020 زا ﯽﮑﯾ ار ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا ﺪﯾﺮﺧ نﺎﮑﻣا ( ﺮﺗﺮﺑ

ي ﺎﻫ ي يﺎﻫﺪﻧﺮﺑ كﺎﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﺑ

ﻫ نﺎﯾﺎﺘﻤ ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا .ﺪﻧدﺮﻤﺷﺮﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ

نﺎﯿﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺮـﻫ رﻮـﻬﻇ و زوﺮـﺑ ﺎـﺑ ﺪﭘ

ﯾ هﺪـ ا ي ﺎـﺑ شزرو ،ﻪﻧﺎـﺳر رد ﺶﻟﺎﭼ

ﺎﻫ ﯾـ ﯽ ﻪﺑور ور ﻣ ﯽ دﻮـﺷ

، ﺎـﻣا ﻪﺘﻓر ﻪﺘﻓر ﯽﻣ يرﺎﮔزﺎـﺳ نآ ﺎـﺑ .ﺪـﺑﺎﯾ

ﻪـﮐ ﯽﻄﯾاﺮـﺷ رد روﺎﻨﻓ

ي ﺎـﻫ ي ﻃا ﻼ رد ﯽﺗﺎﻋ ﺣ لﺎ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﺮﮔ ي ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا شزرو ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎـﺳر

ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺑ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا

يذ دﻮﺧ نﺎﻌﻔﻧ دﺰﻧ

ﯾ ﮏ ﺮﺗ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻧﺎـﺳر

ﺎﻫ ي

،ﯽـﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،هداﺪﻧ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ار ﯽﻠﺻا تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا

ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا

(8)

224

ﻣ ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ ،مﻮﺳ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪ 1401

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺲﻧﺎﯾﺎﻫ و ﺲﺒﯿﮔ)

،1

2013 ( . ﻪﺑ نﺪﻣآ دﻮﺟو ﻓﯿ

ﺲ كﻮﺑ

، ،ماﺮﮔﺎﺘﺴﻨﯾا ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

ﺎﻫ ي ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا مﺮﻔﺘﻠﭘ

ﺎﻫ ي و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا مﺮﻧ

ﺎﻫراﺰﻓا ي

ﭘﯿ مﺎ نﺎﺳر ﺖﺳا لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا قاﺪﺼﻣ ، ﻪﮐ

مﺰﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ازﺪﻣآرد

ﯾ ﯽ آ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧدرو

ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻦﯾا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﮐ هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا .

ﯽﺧﺮﺑ

نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ زا ﯽـﺷزرو نﺎﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎـﺳر

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ فاﺪـﻫا ياﺮـﺑ

ﻪﺤﺻ راﺬﮔ ي ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ ،نارﺎﮑﺷزرو

، يذ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا نﺎﻌﻔﻧ

،

ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺪﻨﻣ شوﺮﻓ و اﺳ هدﺎﻔﺘ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﻧﺮﭘ و ﻦﯾرﺎﻧ)

2 ، 2016 ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .(

اﯾ ﻪﮑﻨ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮﻠﺗ ﺶﺨﭘ ﻖﺣ زا ناﺮﯾا رد ﯽﺷزرو

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ يﺪﻣآرد ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺑ

ﯽ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﻧا ، ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﯾا و ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﭘ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﯾازﺪﻣآرد ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ

ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ا ي .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ تﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ و ﭗﯿﺷﺮﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳا ،

و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﺮﮕﯾد زا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

.دﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺳﺄﺗ

ﯿ ﺲ و

ﺎﻤﺣ ﺖﯾ زا هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﺐﯿﻏﺮﺗ ، هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﺳﺄﺗ

ﯿ تﺎﺴ

، ﻬﺠﺗ تاﺰﯿ و ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ،ﺎﻫ دﺎﺘﺳا

ﯾ مﻮ ﺎﻫ ي

ﺷزرو ﯽ ) دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ مﻮ ﺎﻫ ي (ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و زا ﺳ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻣ ﺖﯾﺮﯾ ) نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد (BMS

رادا ة ﺎﻫﺮﺨﺘﺳا و ﻦﮐﺎﻣا ي

و ﺷزر ﯽ

، يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا

ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ دﺮﺒﻫار ﻦﯾا يزﺎﺳ ﻬﺠﺗ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

تاﺰﯿ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺴﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ رﺎﯿ

دﺎﯾز ي .ﺖﺳا ﺪﺷر لﺎﺣ رد سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺳﻮﺑرﺎﺑ

3

) 2018 ،(

ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺎﻫ ي ﺷﻮﭘ ﯽﻧﺪﯿ زا نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد 325

ﻣ نﻮﯿﻠﯿ لﺎﺳ رد هﺎﮕﺘﺳد 2016

ﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺶﯿ زا 830 ﻣ نﻮﯿﻠﯿ

لﺎﺳ رد هﺎﮕﺘﺳد 2020

اﺰﻓا ﺶﯾ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ . ﺷﻮﭘ ﯿ ﻧﺪ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي اﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ي

و شزرو ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ماﺪﻧا لﺎﺳ رد 2014 ، 5/

3 ﻣ درﺎﯿﻠﯿ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺪﻣآرد رﻻد

ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ لﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ كﺎﺷﻮﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﮐ 2020

دوﺪﺣ 34 ﻣ درﺎﯿﻠﯿ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد شزرا رﻻد .

رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻣ ﯽ دور و تﺎﺟﻮﺴﻨﻣ رازﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ

ﻪﭼرﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ ي لﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ 2024

ﻪﺑ

/ 3 9 ﻣ درﺎﯿﻠﯿ ﺪﺳﺮﺑ رﻻد ،ﺎﺳﻮﺑرﺎﺑ)

2018 .(

نﺎﻘﻫد نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )

2022 ( ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ تاﺮ روﺎﻨﻓ ي ﺎﻫ ي و ﯽﻧﺪﯿﺷﻮﭘ

ﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رد ار ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ لﻮﮐ و ﮓﻧﺎﯾ

4 ) 2020 رد ( ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

نﺎﯿﺑ دﻮﺧ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ

ﻪﮐ دﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ مﻮﯾ

ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ةﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺳو ﯽﻌﯿ زا ﻨﮑﺗ ﯿ ﮏ ﺎﻫ و ﻨﻓ ﺎ رو ي ﺎﻫ اﺮﺑ ار ي ﺛﺄﺗ و ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ يراﺬﮔﺮﯿ

ﻣﺎﻀﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻦﯿ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺮﺗ

ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد ﻪﺑ

رﺎﮐ ﻣ ﯽ ﮔﯿ دﺮ . ﺣر ﯿﻤ ﯽ هداز يزردﻮﮔ و يدﺎﺠﺳ ، )

2018 دﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ( ﺪﻧ

ا هزوﺮﻣ ﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮ هﺎﮕﺷزرو ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺎﯿﻧد

هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا ﺋارا رد و ﮥ ﯽﻌﺳ دﻮﺧ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ هدﺮﮐ

ﺪﻧا ﻪﮐ زا روﺎﻨﻓ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻨﻨﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زور

، ﻟﺎﺣرد ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺷزرو ﻦﮐﺎﻣا ناﺮﯾا رد

رد ﺋارا ﮥ ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ

ﺪﻧراد ﻒﻌﺿ .

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ يرﺎﺼﻧا و ﻒﯾﺮﺷرﻮﭘ ،نﺎﻘﻫد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد )

2020 صﻮﺼﺧ رد ( روﺎﻨﻓ

ي ﺎﻫ ي ،ﯽﺷزرو ﻦﮐﺎﻣا رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯾﻮﻧ ﺳ

ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ

،نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﻢﻬﻣ

ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﺗدﺮﺑرﺎﮐﺮﭘ و

ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي رد ﺮﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﯿﻧ زﻮﺣ

ة و يروﺎﻨﻓ و شزﻮﻣآ و شزرو ردIT

ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ

، زا ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

دﺎﺼﺘﻗا

.دﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد راﺰﮔﺮﺑ

ي هرود ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ روﺎﻨﻓ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﻧ ﻦﯾ شزرو رد دﺎﺠﯾا ، ﺼﺼﺨﺗ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽ

د دﺎﺼﺘﻗا لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾ رد

و شزرو ترازو نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ،ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﺪﻣ ناﺮﯾ و قﻼﺧ ،ناﻮﺟ ﻪﺑ

زور ﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد ر

، ﺋارا ﮥ ﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ي ﺳرد ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ

روﺎﻨﻓ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﻧ ﻦﯾ اﺮﺑ ي ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد نﺎﯾ ﺑﺮﺗ ﺖﯿ ﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ،ﯽ ﻧ

يﺎﻫوﺮﯿ رد ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ زﻮﺣ

ة روﺎﻨﻓ ي شزرو و ، نوﺮﺑ رﺎﭙﺳ ي ﺼﺼﺨﺗ رﻮﻣا ﯽ

روﺎﻨﻓ ي

رد تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ،ﯽ هرود

ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻧاد اﺰﻓا ﯽﯾ ﺎﻨﺷآ ﯽﯾ روﺎﻨﻓ ﺎﺑ ي اﺮﺑ ي ﺪﻣ ناﺮﯾ ﺷزرو و ﯽ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي

ﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ي د لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾ رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو رد

، يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ

دﺮﺒﻫار ﻦﯾا يزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ةﺪﯿﻘﻋ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﻣا نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )

2020 (

ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ ي ةﺪﻨﯾآ رد ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ

ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ي نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﯽﺷزرو ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ . ﺖﺳا مزﻻ

ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا

ﻧﯿ ﺎﻫوﺮ ي ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر

ﺎﻫ ي ار ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا اﺮﺑ

ي نآ زا ﺲﭘ و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ بﺬﺟ دﻮﺧ فاﺪﻫا دﺮﺒﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ

دﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ شزﻮﻣآ لﺎﺒﻧد

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ؛ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ زا ﻧﯿ ﺎﻫوﺮ ي ﺐﻠﻃواد اﺮﺑ ي ﺪﻨﻨﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺧ فاﺪﻫا دﺮﺒﺸﯿﭘ .

نﺎﻘﻫد و ﯽﺒﯿﻃ )

2018 ( ﺋارا ﮥ شزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ

رد نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻨﺘﺴﻧاد يروﺮﺿ ار ﯽﺷزرو ﺪ

. ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﺎﺑ روﺎﻨﻓ

ي ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ،شزرو رد ﺶﻟﺎﭼ

ﺎﻫ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺎﻫ

ي ﻠﻌﺗ ﯿ ﻢ دﯾ هﺪ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ رد ار ﯽﺷزرو ﺶﻧاد ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ

ا ي ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﮑ ا ي شزﻮﻣآ ﺎﯾ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ اﺮﺟا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد

ﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ و ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ يﺪﯾاﻮﻓ زا ار هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ن روﺎﻨﻓ

ي ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺮﺒﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد شزرو ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ

دﻮﺟو ﻣ ﯽ آﯾ ﺪ.

1. Gibbs & Haynes

2. Naraine & Parent

3. Barbosa

4. Yang & Cole