基本的な生産性分析 中国の地域経済 地域経済 地域間経済 沿岸地域 内陸地域 沿岸地域に有益な歴史的要因 位置と場所が提供されます。
그리고 지역전시, 정치, 지역의 신곡 등이 서로 연결되어 지역문화에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 현장 격차를 크게 줄이는 것은 장기적인 과제가 될 것입니다. 중국 정부는 비슷한 수준의 권력을 확보하고 지역 전반에 걸쳐 정치적 자율성을 발전시키겠다는 결심을 갖고 있습니다.
Introduction
Some scholars made a less exciting prediction because of their finding of a decline in TFP growth in China in the 1990s. For China, technology adoption leads to higher TFP growth in the post-reform period, but the problem is inefficient capital allocation due to official credit controls. In the continuation of this paper, we first review previous studies, and in Chapter 2, we provide a brief overview of the current regional economic situation on three regions with historical policies.
On the one hand, it is argued that the rate of productivity growth in East Asia is not high even though the growth of manufacturing and manufacturing exports in these countries is unprecedented. There is an abundant literature on China's agricultural and industrial productivity.3 It is now widely accepted that agricultural productivity increased significantly after the economic reform initiative in 1979, especially in the first half of the 1980s. Early studies such as the World Bank (1985), argued that industrial TFP fell in the early years of the reform.
The Regional Current Economic Situation in China -
The Chinese government's regional development strategy in the Tenth FYP is to "put into practice the development of the West, accelerate the regional development of the central and western regions, rationally adjust regional economic distribution, and achieve coordinated regional development promote". As for the development of the West, the government wants to see significant progress in the construction of infrastructure and the protection of the ecological environment. The West was open to the outside world and the rest of the economy.
Foreign trade and investment were highly encouraged to help the development of high-tech and outward-oriented industries and service sectors on the coast. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) and fiscal and financial reforms and the development of town and village enterprises (TVEs) on the coast were also allowed to advance inland. The Western Development Strategy was formulated in September 1999 to improve infrastructure and the business environment and attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in the west.
Methodology
Second, neither approach distinguishes between the part of productivity growth that is due to technical progress and the part that is due to an increase in technical efficiency. With only about two scores of observations, it is very difficult to include more than a few explanatory variables in the analyses. It is free of the strong assumptions involved in the Divisia index approach to growth accounting.
This distinction is fundamental for policy actions, especially in developing countries, where identifying TFP growth with technical progress may ignore the fact that changes in technical efficiency appear to be the most relevant component of the total change in TFP, and therefore the introduction of new technologies. without having realized the full potential of existing ones may not be meaningful (Felipe, 1999). However, they may or may not be the same in the case of multi-input technology with varying returns to scale (VRS). The geometric mean of the two ratios within the square brackets represents the technological shift between the two periods, evaluated at xs and xt.
We need to solve a linear programming problem to evaluate each of the distance functions in equation (6). In CRS, the most efficient unit is B for which the tangent of the angle measured from the origin (output/input) is the largest (Y B / X B . For example, point D consumes more input (X D ) to produce less output (Y D ) than point B .
From this we get X F /X D as the relative efficiency of D in the input direction; in the output direction the resulting efficiency is Y D /Y I. Therefore, the relative efficiency of D is X E /X D in the input direction and Y D /Y H in the output direction, these ratios are generally unequal. Efficiency of scale relates the size of the DMU to the optimal size; in the input direction is given by the ratio (efficient input utilization under CRS)/(efficient input utilization under VRS), or X F /X E in Figure 2.
The residual inefficiency D is the technical inefficiency measured by X E /X D in the input direction or Y D /Y H in the output direction. The use of DEA does not require any specification of the functional form of the production relationship. Based on the inputs used and the results generated, a preliminary weighing of the relative importance of outputs and inputs is not necessary.
Analyses of Empirical Results
This was unprecedented in developing countries and most of the rapid change was attributed to the Household Responsibility System (HRS), which was a one-off institutional change.8. In the 1990s, China's TFP increased significantly due to technology adoption (copying existing technology from developed economies), leading to technological progress due to China's technological gaps. However, there is a limit to this technology upgrade, which is reflected in the gradual slowdown in China's TFP growth in the 1990s.
In the post-reform period, labor is the main source of China's growth, reflecting the accumulation of human capital and the development of the labor market. Rural industrialization, which occurs through the transfer of surplus labor from the agricultural sector, significantly increases the employment rate of township and village enterprises (TVEs) and accelerates the proliferation of small businesses in the non-state sector. Since the West is bordered by many other countries, the East can establish production bases in the West for the Asian and European markets.
Because of the proposals above, the government can provide more aid and investment to the Central and Western regions. Since the late 1980s, there has been a decline in the marginal return to capital in the case of China. In contrast, labor has contributed significantly to China's growth, especially in the post-reform period, as a result of human capital accumulation and labor market development.
After the effects of the Household Responsibility System (HRS) wore off, the policy issue that emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s was the slowdown. This study shows that technical efficiency performance in China's regional economies has converged rapidly since the early 1980s. Due to this increasing trend, most regions showed a positive rate of technological progress in the 1990s.
As a result, the rate of TFP change across the region has turned positive in the 1990s. In the post-reform period, China's TFP growth has been driven by both technical efficiency and technology adoption. In the 1990s, when there were fewer institutional innovations and no further reforms in capital allocation, the marginal return to capital fell as a result.
Conclusions
Efficiency problems: The issue of improving technical efficiency at the provincial level is particularly interesting for policy action because of the need for further reforms, i.e. reform of the SOE sector, the financial system and the governing structure of the political system. So, for the foreseeable future, China will still have to deal with efficiency problems stemming from the gradual nature of its economic reform launched more than twenty years ago. In other words, during the past 20 years, China benefited from foreign technologies and had the advantages of backwardness, but during the 1990s its provincial production frontier moved slowly, indicating a slowdown in technical progress.
Considering the reality of the radical reforms of the state-owned economic sectors and the fact that the factors that resulted in economic decline are likely to have a lot of impact in the coming years, actual economic growth may be slower than potential. Strategy: China has achieved rapid economic growth in the past 20 years, and still has the potential to maintain a high economic growth rate in the next 20 years. It can be expected that the rapid growth in productivity can be sustained in the coming 20 years through the establishment and perfection of the socialist market economic system, the expansion and deepening of the opening efforts and the implementation of the strategy to equip the country with science and education. to invigorate
The huge agricultural population and low capital-to-labor ratio provide opportunities for further capital deepening over the next twenty years, while the high savings rate of the population will ensure rapid capital accumulation. Success in the reform of the banking system and the gradual establishment of the capital market will lead to greater efficiency in capital use. All these factors will give the economy the potential to maintain rapid growth over the next twenty years.
In the short term, however, these factors will lead to reduced demand and depressed economic growth. If we can reduce transaction costs, speed up enterprise reform, and promote technology transfer to domestic enterprises and the development of non-state sectors, it is possible to achieve future productivity growth faster than in the past two decades. In the next 20 years, China must seize the opportunity of high economic growth in the first 10 years to keep moving forward by stepping up the reform of enterprises, banking system, social security system and other microeconomic areas.
Only by doing so can China face greater challenges in the future and create sustained rapid growth to better prepare for the next 20 years.
