Current state and history of youth employment···p.1 1) Current state of youth employment···p.1 .. 2) Background of the problem of youth employment···p.7. Figure 2] Tendency towards decreasing employment according to educational background···p.3 [Figure 3] Development of the Beveridge curve in Korea···p.6.
Background of the youth employment problem
In addition, according to the hiring trend of large enterprises and SMEs, large enterprises have still not recovered from the level of employment before the IMF crisis, although it has increased slightly since 1998, SMEs have recovered to the level before the IMF crisis and since 2000 they have maintained an employment level of about 120,000 persons (see [Figure 5]). Figure 5] Trend of new jobs in large companies and small and medium-sized companies.
Promotion of measures to deal with youth employment
Accordingly, the 2005 measure to promote youth employment was re-established on the basis of the 2004 employment policy review. Key projects included revitalizing vocational training, offering short-term jobs, revitalizing overseas job placements, strengthening vocational training for youth, expanding youth employment infrastructure and replenishing the workforce for idle jobs in small and medium-sized enterprises. Despite the huge financial investments in the Roh government, the youth employment problem was still one of the most important pending issues in the government's labor policy.
In addition, the need to basically solve the youth employment problem by reforming school education and promoting economic and industrial structures in the medium and longer term was suggested. The new government's youth employment measures were also composed of short-term measures and medium- and long-term promotion tasks, much like the former government's policy. In accordance with the judgment that the youth employment problem was caused by a combination of economic, industrial and institutional factors, the government additionally established and systematically promoted medium and long-term tasks, such as education policy as well as growth through job creation.
Additional measures for 2009 youth employment
14 - . the government has been active in implementing short-term job promotion measures for youth affected by the recent economic slowdown. The government has set as a goal a decrease in the size of the youth who have problems finding work and has promoted the following three strategic tasks: 1) support of youth-friendly employment opportunities (support of youth business start-ups and promoting business persons, expanding opportunities to recruit) interns at small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises, improving the employment conditions at small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting small and medium-sized outstanding enterprises, etc. ), 2) expansion of vocational training (a job opportunities camp for short-service military personnel) and training of human resources to satisfy industrial demand (promotion of Korean-style Meister Vocational High Schools and private technical institutes, training of youth leaders of future industries, one-stop support for training-employment by industry, expanding the public announcement of the college employment rate, etc.), and 3) alleviating mismatches by expanding youth employment infrastructure (promoting youth employment, providing more employment information, etc. .). In addition, the government has continuously promoted medium and long-term policies such as job creation (improvement of service industry), structural reform of college education and expansion of employment infrastructure.
Youth: Creating a job for me (1st-2nd projects)
Staff in the energy sector increased, and staff in the security, patent and residential services sectors gradually increased, so that public organizations could set good examples in expanding youth employment. In addition, the employment-related traineeship program (abolition of administrative traineeships, drastic expansion of employment traineeships in SMEs and reintroduction of start-up and job creation traineeships), which has been in the spotlight since the new government began to improve drastically expanded the effectiveness of the internship program. The policy was aimed at creating conditions that would enable the faculty themselves to take responsibility for recruitment (strengthening the faculty evaluation system, enriching the content of opening the level of employment to the public), opening the Employment Academy for the training of university graduates (graduates). -be) as field talents to meet industrial demand, accelerate the employment program to encourage graduates of specialized vocational high schools and the policy of supporting employment through internships, and expand the system of qualified industrial personnel to help prepare high school graduates for work.
In addition, the operation of an Employability Training School was promoted to offer discouraged out-of-school youth an opportunity for a re-challenge. The first project focused on increasing the opportunity to enter the labor market so that young job seekers can work as much as they like and the 2nd project (May 2011) was promoted with a focus on providing sufficient opportunities for self-improvement and upliftment. through education and training after entering the labor market. The main content includes expanding the workplace where young people can work and learn at the same time, improving employment service infrastructure and encouraging young people to be employed in good small and medium-sized enterprises to ease the mismatch, expanding employment opportunities for him. local college students and the expansion of nationwide youth venture business start-ups and joint employment between entrepreneurial businesses.
Comprehensive evaluation
The job creation policy depends on the labor market situation in the individual country, so there are different types of policies from country to country, and the only difference is the economic distribution. Looking at the content of the youth employment measures by period, the weight is only different depending on the employment situation and the concrete goals for promoting an appropriate measure. The employment measures, some of which are still ongoing, can be reclassified into the supply side, the labor market demand side and the infrastructure side based on the content.
Representative employment measures of supply are vocational and vocational guidance for students, the promotion of specialized project and reform of educational courses to revive cooperation between industry and academia, and the reform of the vocational education and training system. The main content of the employment measures in terms of labor demand include training the workforce for new growth industries, offering work through youth internships and social enterprises, training and vocational training programs to improve the employability of the youth, overseas employment support business, and education. Update of the DB of the current state of small and medium-sized enterprises - Expand youth panel.
Case study: Youth New Start Project 1) Project overview
In addition, participants in the SME Youth Internship or Steppingstone Work can be paid during the participation period. To prevent the structural deterioration of unemployment and to promote the employment of the vulnerable layer by subsidizing the entrepreneur who employs young people (under 29 years old) who cannot get a job under normal conditions on the labor market. A person who gets a job in small and medium-sized production, which is avoided by job seekers because of low wages, after completing the 1st or more phases of the New Start for Youth project with the support of the Employment Assistance Institute or a private external agency.
The project details of the YES program are similar to those of the Youth New Start Project, in that a career path was chosen and job search techniques were improved through a career counseling program based on personal circumstances and a comprehensive service (eg job placement) was supported. The Successful Employment package was introduced in 2009 to systematically support the employment of the low-income stratum. We have classified the objectives of the Successful Employment Package into four types, and the second type includes young people.
Major characteristics
Another significant feature of the Young New Start project is that almost all active labor market policies are implemented. According to a study carried out by the Budget Office of the National Assembly (October 2010), only 67.0% of the project participants continued in employment six months after the change to the permanent job. In addition, the National Assembly's Budget Office (October 2010) assessed that the employment-supporting effect of the subsidy was not high, since the continuation of employment was only 36.4%.
However, the results of the program were highly praised, as the rate of continued employment after six months was 76.6% after entering the program. Another characteristic of the Youth New Start Project is that it targeted the vulnerable class. It is clear that the vulnerable young generation is the main target of the project, because a person with a low level of education (high school graduate or lower), teenagers at risk and NEET (Not in Education, Employment or training) were identified as the main target recipients.
Evaluation results
The employment rate for the course completion group was 39.0%, which is higher than for the non-completion group (14.5%). The time required to find a job for the completion group was approximately 45 days shorter than for the non-completion group. For the course completion group, the proportion of the work period out of the period between program participation and examination is longer than for the non-completion group.
Average rate of service period (Proportion of work period from participation in the program . in the survey). The termination group's employment outcomes were better when other conditions were controlled for (Ryu, J S et al., 2010). Average rate of service period (Proportion of work period . from participation in the program to the survey).
Factors that contributed to success
Items to improve in the future
Chae, C K; Lee, YH; Choi, YS; Kim, MS; Kim, A G; Jeong, JH; Noh, Y J (2008), A Study on the Actual Status of a Training Course Completion Group, Korea Vocational Education and Training Research Institute. Joo, M H; Baek, GH; Jeon, YS; Hong, H G (2009), A Comparative Study on the Operation Status of the Youth New Start Project, Korea Employment Information Service. Korea Labor Institute (2011), In-depth evaluation of a government-funded vocational training project.
Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training and Sung Kyun-hwan University HRD Center (2009), An In-Depth Evaluation of the Unemployment Insurance Project in 2009: Vocational Competence Development Project. Lee, Y.H.; Oh, YH; Kim, A.G.; Kang, Y B(2008), Seeking a link through research and study on the operation of the project related to the Youth Workplace Experience Program, Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training. Namgung, I C(2010), Performance and Improvement Tasks of the Youth Employment Support Project, Budget Office of the National Assembly.
