• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Assessment of generic protective relaying framework for Taylor’s University electrical distribution system

N/A
N/A
Nguyễn Gia Hào

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "Assessment of generic protective relaying framework for Taylor’s University electrical distribution system"

Copied!
14
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

Assessment of generic protective relaying framework for Taylor’s University electrical distribution system

Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2233, 030011 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0001585 Published Online: 05 May 2020

Sharveen A/L Umasangkar, Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam, Reynato Andal Gamboa, and Hafisoh Ahmad

(2)

$VVHVVPHQWRI*HQHULF3URWHFWLYH5HOD\LQJ)UDPHZRUNIRU 7D\ORU¶V8QLYHUVLW\(OHFWULFDO'LVWULEXWLRQ6\VWHP

6KDUYHHQ$/8PDVDQJNDU

&KRFNDOLQJDP$UDYLQG9DLWKLOLQJDP

D

5H\QDWR

$QGDO*DPERD

+DILVRK$KPDG

1School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Taylor’s Lakeside Campus, No.1, Jalan Taylor’s, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

DCorresponding author: ChockalingamAravind.Vaithilingam@taylors.edu.my

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

5HJXODWLRQVZLOOEHPDGHIRUVWDQGDUGL]LQJLQSXWVRIPDLQUHOD\HYHU\\HDURUWZRE\7HQDJD1DVLRQDO%HUKDG71%

DWWULEXWHVRIUHOD\FRQWDFWVZLOOYDU\IURPSUHYLRXVSURMHFWVDIWHUUHJXODWLRQ7LPHLVFRQVXPHGDQGHUURUPD\EHPDGHE\

HQJLQHHUVZKLOHFKDQJLQJDWWULEXWHVRIEORFNVLQVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPVPDQXDOO\7KHFUHDWHGSOXJLQZLOOPDNHFKDQJHVRQ YDOXHVRIDWWULEXWHVDXWRPDWLFDOO\E\VHOHFWLQJWKHDYDLODEOHRSWLRQVLQWKHJUDSKLFDOXVHULQWHUIDFH*8,EDVHGRQ71%

VWDQGDUGVDQGSURMHFWUHTXLUHPHQWV,WPD\UHGXFHWLPHFRQVXPSWLRQDQGHOLPLQDWHKXPDQHUURUV

,1752'8&7,21

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

JHQHUDWHGIURPN9WRN9DQGDWUDQVIRUPHUZLOOEHXVHGWRVWHSXSWKHYROWDJHOHYHODFFRUGLQJO\DQGIXUWKHU FRQQHFWVWRWKHJULG7UDQVPLVVLRQV\VWHPLVIURPN9WRN9DVLWLVHIILFLHQWWRWUDQVPLWDWKLJKHUYROWDJHOHYHOV IRU OHVV ORVVHV RI FRSSHU DQG KHDW OHVV DPRXQW RI FXUUHQW FDUULHG LQ FRQGXFWRUV IRU VDPH DPRXQW RI SRZHU $W GLVWULEXWLRQOHYHOYROWDJHLVVWHSSHGGRZQWRN9RUN9ZKLOHWKLVDPRXQWRISRZHULVXVHGE\ODUJHLQGXVWULHV 9ROWDJHLVUHGXFHGWRN9IRUXWLOL]DWLRQSXUSRVHRIFRQVXPHUVDWEXVLQHVVFHQWHUVUHVLGHQFHVDQGHWF(OHFWULF SRZHULVJHQHUDWHGWKURXJKUHQHZDEOHDQGQRQUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\VXFKDVVRODUZLQGK\GURHOHFWULFQXFOHDUHQHUJ\

IXHOVDQGZDVWH

7KHSRZHUV\VWHPSURWHFWLRQLVDQDUWDQGLPSRUWDQWNH\LQSRZHUV\VWHPWRVHUYHHQHUJ\ZLWKRXWDQ\LQWHUUXSWLRQ RUZLWKPLQLPDOLQWHUUXSWLRQZKHQWKHUHLVDIDXOWDVZHOODVNHHSLQJWKHSRZHUV\VWHPVWDEOH>@,WLVWRSURWHFWWKH KHDOWK\SDUWDQGLVRODWHWKHIDXOW\FRPSRQHQWHTXLSPHQWZLWKRXWGDPDJLQJLW7KHEXVEDUVWUDQVIRUPHUVJHQHUDWRUV

(3)

PRWRUVOLQHVDQGORDGVDUHSURWHFWHGDJDLQVWIDXOW>@7KHHTXLSPHQWLQWKHSURWHFWLRQWHDPDUHYROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUV FXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUVFLUFXLWEUHDNHUVGLVFRQQHFWRUVSURWHFWLYH PHWHULQJUHOD\VDVWKLVDUHNQRZQDVVZLWFKJHDU>@

7KHSURWHFWLYHUHOD\LVDGHYLFHZKLFKJLYHVWKHLQVWUXFWLRQWRWKHFLUFXLWEUHDNHUWRLVRODWHWKHV\VWHPIURPWKHIDXOW\

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

IRUFRQVLVWHQF\DQGVWXUG\7KHUHIRUHSURWHFWLRQVL]LQJW\SHVDQGUDWLQJVLVDOZD\VGHFLGHGE\WKHVHUYLFHSURYLGHU LQ0DOD\VLDNQRZQDV7HQDJD1DVLRQDO%HUKDG71%5HOD\VHWWLQJVSDQHOVL]LQJTXDQWLW\RISURWHFWLYHGHYLFHVZLOO EHGHFLGHGDVSHUVWDQGDUGRI71%DQGLWLVDGDSWHGE\WKHGHVLJQHQJLQHHU>@

$OOWKHGHVLJQVDUHGUDIWHGLQ&$'&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQVRIWZDUHWRHDVHDQGHQKDQFHWKHVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPV

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

0(7+2'2/2*<

5HVHDUFKPHWKRGRORJ\

7KHJDSLGHQWLILHGLQWKHOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZLVWKHSRZHUV\VWHPSURWHFWLRQGHVLJQVWDJHSURFHVVRIGHYHORSLQJSRZHU V\VWHPVVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPVZLWKRXWDXWRPDWLRQWRRO7KHUHVHDUFKPHWKRGRORJ\ZLOOIRFXVRQHQKDQFLQJWKHSURFHVV RISURGXFLQJVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPVLQDXWRFDG7KHVFULSWVIRUWKHSOXJLQZLOOEHZULWWHQLQERWK9%1(7DQG&&

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

(4)

),*85(/D\RXWRILQSXWSLQVRI6FKQHLGHU(OHFWULFUHOD\IRUN9RYHUFXUUHQW HDUWKIDXOWSURWHFWLRQ

$XWRFDGSOXJLQIXQFWLRQVDQGFRQWHQWV

7KHIXQFWLRQVRIWKHSOXJLQDUHWRORDG WKHGHVLUHG VFKHPDWLFWHPSODWHVLQDXWRFDGEDVHGRQWKHVHOHFWLRQRI SURWHFWLYHUHOD\VFKHPHVIRUN9%ORFNVRISUHGUDZQGUDZLQJVZLOOEHORDGHGWRWKHZRUNVSDFHV7KHPHQXGULYHQ IXQFWLRQZLOOKDYHWKHRSWLRQVRIORDGLQJSUHGUDZQVFKHPDWLFVRIWUDQVIRUPHUSURWHFWLRQXQGHUJURXQGFDEOH8*&

IHHGHUSURWHFWLRQEXVVHFWLRQEXVWLHDQGHWF8QGHUWKHVHRSWLRQVWKHUHZLOOEHWKHUHVSHFWLYHW\SHVRISURWHFWLRQ VHWWLQJVUHOD\VXVHGVXFKDVFXUUHQWGLIIHUHQWLDOSURWHFWLRQRYHUFXUUHQWDQGHDUWKIDXOWSURWHFWLRQOD\RXWIRUWUDQVIRUPHU ED\6WDQGE\HDUWKIDXOWVFKHPDWLFLVDOVRFRPSXOVRU\IRUWUDQVIRUPHUEDFNXSSURWHFWLRQ,QXQGHUJURXQGFDEOH8*&

IHHGHURSWLRQWKHUHZLOOEHRYHUFXUUHQWDQGHDUWKIDXOWUHOD\VFKHPDWLFV/D\RXWIRUEXVVHFWLRQFRQVLVWRIRQHFLUFXLW EUHDNHU ZKHUHDV OD\RXW IRU EXVWLH FRQVLVW RI WZR FLUFXLW EUHDNHUV 6HOHFWHG RSWLRQV RI VFKHPDWLFV ZLOO EH ORDGHG WRJHWKHURQPXOWLSOHZRUNVSDFHVLQDXWRFDG

7\SHVRISRZHUV\VWHPSURWHFWLRQVFKHPDWLFWHPSODWHVLQN9

,Q N9 ED\ OHYHO SURWHFWLRQ VFKHPHV WKHUH DUH RYHUFXUUHQW DQG HDUWK IDXOW UHOD\V FXUUHQW GLIIHUHQWLDO UHOD\V VWDQGE\ HDUWK IDXOW UHOD\V &XUUHQW GLIIHUHQWLDO XVHG IRU XQLWPDLQ SURWHFWLRQ IRU WUDQVIRUPHUV DQG RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQDFWVDVEDFNXSSURWHFWLRQ6WDQGE\HDUWKIDXOWUHOD\LVXVHGWRSURWHFWWUDQVIRUPHUVHFRQGDU\ZLQGLQJ¶V QHXWUDOWRHDUWKFRQQHFWLRQ7KHUHDUHWKUHHW\SHVRIED\OHYHOVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPVLQN9ZKLFKDUHWUDQVIRUPHUED\

(5)

XQGHUJURXQGFDEOHIHHGHUED\DQGEXVVHFWLRQ+HQFHEXVVHFWLRQDQGEXVWLHXVHGLQN9DUHXVHGWRVHFWLRQDOL]H WKHEXVEDUVIRUVDIHW\DQGUHOLDELOLW\7KHVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPVLQN9ZLOOEHVRUWHGXQGHUWKHW\SHVRIED\VDQG XQGHUWKHED\RSWLRQVFRQVLVWRIUHVSHFWLYHSURWHFWLRQVFKHPDWLFV

&UHDWLQJOLEUDU\IRUN9VFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPV

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

'HYHORSLQJ9%1(7VFULSWVIRUDXWRFDGSOXJLQ

7KHFRGHVIRUWKHDXWRFDGSOXJLQZLOOEHFUHDWHGLQ9LVXDO6WXGLRXQGHU9%µ'RW1HW)UDPHZRUN¶DVLWUXQV RQ0LFURVRIW:LQGRZVSODWIRUP&ODVVOLEUDU\1(7)UDPHZRUNWHPSODWHZLOOEHXVHGLQ9%1(7WRGHYHORSWKH FRGHVXQGHUGOOILOHV9%1(7DOORZVWKHFXVWRPL]DWLRQRIDXWRFDGLQWHUIDFH$XWRFDGLVLQWHJUDWHGZLWK9%1(7 ODQJXDJH9LVXDO6WXGLRIRUDSSOLFDWLRQVLVDSURJUDPPLQJSODWIRUPZKLFKKDVFDSDELOLW\RIGHYHORSLQJDXWRPDWHG WRROVLQDXWRFDG>@

'HYHORSLQJXVHULQWHUIDFHWRVHOHFWNH\LQGHVLUHGLQSXWVWRFKDQJHVSHFLILFDWLRQRI FRPSRQHQWVDXWRPDWLFDOO\LQVFKHPDWLFVXVLQJ&

$FXVWRPL]DEOHXVHULQWHUIDFHZLOOEHGHYHORSHGLQDXWRFDGXVLQJ&&6KDUSWRVHOHFWHQWHUGHVLUHGLQSXWVWR DXWRPDWLFDOO\FKDQJHWKHGHWDLOVLQVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJV,WLVPRUHFRQYHQLHQWDQGEHWWHUFDSDELOLW\RIH[WHQGLQJRU FUHDWLQJH[WHUQDOIXQFWLRQVIRUDXWRFDGLQ&*UDSKLFDOXVHULQWHUIDFH*8,LVWREHFUHDWHGZKLFKZLOOFRQVLVWRI PXOWLSOHUHOD\VHWWLQJVVXFKDV&7LQSXWV97LQSXWVRYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQDQGHWF7KHVSHFLILFDWLRQVRIFRPSRQHQWV EDVHGRQSURWHFWLYHUHOD\VDUHWREHDPHQGHGLQVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJV7KHLQWHUIDFHZLOOUHYLVHRUUHSODFHDXWRPDWHGO\

WKHH[LVWLQJGHWDLOVRIFRPSRQHQWVDQGFLUFXLWFRQQHFWLRQVRIPDLQUHOD\EDVHGRQXVHU¶VLQSXWV$IROGHURIOLEUDU\IRU EUDQGV W\SHV DQG VHWWLQJV RI SURWHFWLYH UHOD\V ZLOO EH FUHDWHG WR FKDQJH DFFRUGLQJ WR SURMHFW UHTXLUHPHQWV 1HZ GUDZLQJVZLOOEHFUHDWHGXSRQPDQLSXODWLRQRIPDLQUHOD\DWWULEXWHVDVZHOODVNHHSLQJRULJLQDOGUDZLQJVKHHWIRU UHIHUHQFH7KHIRUP*8,ZLOOEHFUHDWHGXVLQJZLQGRZVIRUPDSSOLFDWLRQRUZLQGRZVSUHVHQWDWLRQIRXQGDWLRQ:3) DVLWZLOOFRQWDLQYDULRXVEXWWRQVDFWLQJDVRSWLRQVIRUFKDQJHVWREHPDGHIRUPDLQUHOD\>@

$QDO\]LQJDQGXSGDWLQJWKHVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVRIFRPSOHWHGN9V\VWHPWKURXJKWKH GHYHORSHGJHQHULFSOXJLQLQDXWRFDG

7KHN9GLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHPZLOOEHDQDO\]HGEDVHGRQWKHSURWHFWLYHUHOD\VXVHGDQGWKHW\SHVRIED\VLWFRQVLVWV

$QDO\]DWLRQRIWKHN9GLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHPZLOOEHGRQHXVLQJWKHH[LVWLQJVLQJOHOLQHGLDJUDPV%DVHGRQWKHGDWD DQDO\]HGWKHVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPVIRUWKHGLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHPZLOOEHXSGDWHGXVLQJWKHJHQHULFDXWRFDGSOXJLQWRRO 7KHUHIRUHGHYHORSHG DXWRPDWHG WRROVLQ DXWRFDG ZLOOEHDVVHVVHGEDVHGRQWKH DPHQGPHQWVPDGHIRUVFKHPDWLF GLDJUDPVRIN9GLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHPDQGUHVXOWVZLOOHYDOXDWHZKHWKHULWEULGJHGWKHJDSLGHQWLILHG

5(68/76 ',6&866,216 /LEUDU\RIN9VFKHPDWLFVZHUHFUHDWHG

7KH GDWDEDVH OLEUDU\ RI N9 VFKHPDWLF GUDZLQJV IURP SUHYLRXV SURMHFWV ZHUH FUHDWHG XQGHU WKH IROGHU RI

$XWRGHVNOLEUDU\,WFRQVLVWVRIWUDQVIRUPHUED\XQGHUJURXQGFDEOHIHHGHUED\8*&DQGEXVVHFWLRQRQHFLUFXLW EUHDNHUWRVHFWLRQDOL]HEXVLQN97KLVGDWDEDVHLVFDOOHGXSIURPWKH9%1(7FRGHVE\VSHFLI\LQJWKHSDWKRI GUDZLQJVKHHWV3DUWLFXODUSDJHVRIWKHVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVFDQDOVREHRSHQHGZLWKRXWWKHQHHGRIORDGLQJHQWLUH

(6)

GUDZLQJVVXFKDVRSHQLQJVKHHWVIRUWHUPLQDOIXQFWLRQGHWDLOVVLQJOHOLQHGLDJUDPFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUFLUFXLWYROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHUFLUFXLWFLUFXLWEUHDNHUDQGGLVFRQQHFWRUFRQQHFWLRQVDQGHWF)LJXUHVKRZVGDWDEDVHRIGZJGUDZLQJV IRUN9WUDQVIRUPHUED\VLPLODUO\WKHUHDUHXQGHUJURXQGFDEOHIHHGHU8*&DQGEXVVHFWLRQVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPV

),*85('DWDEDVHRIN9VFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVVWRUHGLQ$XWRGHVNOLEUDU\

&UHDWHGGURSGRZQWRORDGGHVLUHGPXOWLSOHGUDZLQJVKHHWVIRUN9LQ$XWR&DG

7KHFRGHVWRORDGGUDZLQJVRIN9DXWRPDWLFDOO\EDVHGRQGHVLUHGVHOHFWLRQZHUHVFULSWHGLQ9%1(7ZLWKD GURSGRZQPHQXLQ$XWR&DG9%1(7ZDVXVHGLQLWLDOO\WRXQGHUVWDQGWKHODQJXDJHDVLWLVTXLWHFORVHWRKXPDQ ODQJXDJH5HIHUHQFHVZHUHDGGHGLQWKH9%1(7SURMHFWILOHWRH[WHQWIXQFWLRQRI$XWR&DGZKLFKDUHNQRZQDV

$F&RUH0JGGOO $F0JGGOO $F'E0JGGOO ZKLFK FRQVLVW GHILQLWLRQV RI WKH $XWR&DG $3,¶V $SSOLFDWLRQ 3URJUDPPLQJ ,QWHUIDFH 7KH VFULSWV WR ORDG GHVLUHG VFKHPDWLFV GUDZLQJV ZHUH FUHDWHG XVLQJ FODVV OLEUDU\ LW GHWHUPLQHVW\SHVDQGPHWKRGVFDOOHGE\DQDSSOLFDWLRQ&ODVVOLEUDU\DOORZVWKHN9WUDQVIRUPHUED\XQGHUJURXQG FDEOHIHHGHUED\8*&DQGEXVVHFWLRQGDWDEDVHOLEUDU\WREHFDOOHGE\DOO1(7HQIRUFHPHQW

7KH9%1(7FRGHVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHZHUHVXFFHVVIXOO\GHEXJJHGDQGEXLOW,QLWLDOO\WKHUHZHUHHUURUVGXHWRWKH XVDJH RI VDPH ORFDO YDULDEOH QDPH ZKHUH D VLQJOH FRPPRQ QDPH ZDV XVHG WR LGHQWLI\ GLIIHUHQW GUDZLQJ VKHHWV 7KHUHIRUHGLIIHUHQWORFDOYDULDEOHQDPHVZHUHDVVLJQHGIRUHYHU\GUDZLQJVKHHW)LJXUHVKRZVWKDWWKH9%1(7 FRGHVZHUHEXLOWVXFFHVVIXOO\E\FUHDWLQJDGOOILOH

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHN9VFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVRIWUDQVIRUPHUED\ZHUHORDGHGXVLQJWKHGURSGRZQPHQX7KH FUHDWHGGOOILOHZDVQHWORDGHGXSRQODXQFKLQJRI$XWR&DG7KHGOOILOHVRIWUDQVIRUPHUED\XQGHUJURXQGFDEOHIHHGHU ED\8*&DQGEXVVHFWLRQDUHSHUPDQHQWO\ORDGHGLQ$XWR&DGDQGGRHVQRWQHHGWREHQHWORDGHGZKHQHYHUWKH DSSOLFDWLRQ LV UHVWDUWHG 6LPLODUO\ XQGHUJURXQG FDEOH IHHGHU ED\ 8*& DQG EXVVHFWLRQ GUDZLQJV DUH ORDGHG E\

VHOHFWLQJWKHRSWLRQIURPPHQXEDU

(7)

),*85(9%1(7FRGHVWRORDGWUDQVIRUPHUED\GUDZLQJVDXWRPDWHGO\

),*85(9%1(7FRGHVVXFFHVVIXOO\EXLOW

),*85(N9WUDQVIRUPHUED\VFKHPDWLFVORDGHGIURPGURSGRZQPHQX

(8)

&RGHVLQ9LVXDO6WXGLR&&VKDUS

7KHFRGHVZHUHZULWWHQLQ9LVXDO6WXGLR&ZKLFKLVFRQYHQLHQWDQGKDVPRUHFDSDELOLW\WRH[WHQWWKHIXQFWLRQRI RUFUHDWHH[WHUQDOSURJUDPLQ$XWR&DG7KHIHDWXUHWRFKDQJHDWWULEXWHYDOXHVLQVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVZDVFUHDWHG XVLQJ&HYHU\EORFNLQWKHGUDZLQJVKDVLWVRZQXQLTXHLGHQWLILFDWLRQ,'ZKLFKLVNQRZQDV+DQGOH,',QYROYHG EORFNVLVLGHQWLILHGE\WKH+DQGOH,'VFULSWVZHUHVWUXFWXUHGWRDPHQGEDVHGRQLGHQWLILHGGUDZLQJVKHHW+DQGOH,'

%ORFN ,' 7DJ $WWULEXWH DQG 7DJ YDOXH 1HZ 7KHVH IXQFWLRQV DUH HPEHGGHG WR EXWWRQV LQ WKH JUDSKLFDO XVHU LQWHUIDFH *8, 7KH JUDSKLFDO XVHU LQWHUIDFH *8, LV GHVLJQHG XVLQJ ;$0/ H;WHQVLEOH $SSOLFDWLRQ 0DUNXS /DQJXDJHLQ:3):LQGRZV3UHVHQWDWLRQ)RXQGDWLRQWKHGRPLQDQWDUFKLWHFWXUHDUHIUDPHZRUNRISUHVHQWDWLRQDQG FRUH,WLPSOHPHQWVEHKDYLRXUWKURXJKSURFHGXUDOODQJXDJHVXFKDVLIHOVHVWDWHPHQWVDUHDGRSWHG

*8, DWWULEXWHYDOXHFKDQJHIRUPDLQUHOD\

),*85(,QVHUWLRQRIEORFNGHWDLOVLQ&

%ORFNGHWDLOVLQVHUWHGLQ&FRGHVXQGHU;$0/FODVVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHPDLQZLQGRZRI;$0/FODVV FRQWDLQVWKHPDLQIXQFWLRQWRFKDQJHDWWULEXWHDXWRPDWLFDOO\E\VHOHFWLQJWKHEXWWRQEXWGHWDLOVRIEORFNZHUHSODFHG XQGHUWKHIXQFWLRQRIEXWWRQLQDQRWKHU;$0/FODVV656LHPHQVUHOD\FODVV7KH;$0/FODVVZKLFKKDV GHWDLOVRIPDLQUHOD\EORFNXQGHUDEXWWRQLVFDOOHGLQVWDQWLDWHGIURPWKHFODVVRIPDLQZLQGRZ

),*85(&XVWRPL]DWLRQRIJUDSKLFDOXVHULQWHUIDFH*8,WKURXJKFRGHV

*UDSKLFDO XVHU LQWHUIDFH *8, ZDV GHVLJQHG WKURXJK FRGHV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ZKLFK LV PRUH IOH[LEOH DQG FXVWRPL]DEOH$OODVSHFWVRIEXWWRQVWH[WER[HVDQGLPDJHVFDQEHDOWHUHGZLWKHDVHDQGSUHFLVLRQ+HQFHRXWSXWRI WKHFRGHVLVDIRUPVKRZQLQ)LJXUHµ2.¶EXWWRQPDNHFKDQJHVWRDWWULEXWHVRIPDLQUHOD\LQVFKHPDWLFVDQGµ&ORVH¶

EXWWRQUHVHWVXQGRVHOHFWLRQVYDOXHWKDWLVEHLQJKROGWR6XEVHTXHQWIRUPVIRU6LHPHQVUHOD\DQG6FKQHLGHU(OHFWULF UHOD\ZHUHFUHDWHGXQGHUHDFKUHOD\FRQVLVWVDQRWKHUWKUHHVXEVHTXHQWIRUPVWRFKDQJHUHOD\LQSXWSLQVDWWULEXWH YDOXHV

(9)

),*85(*UDSKLFDOXVHULQWHUIDFH*8,XVLQJ;$0/:3)

&KDQJLQJDWWULEXWHVRIPDLQUHOD\LQN9DXWRFDGVFKHPDWLFVEDVHGRQJLYHQRSWLRQVLQ JUDSKLFDOXVHULQWHUIDFH*8,

,QN9VXEVWDWLRQVWKHPDLQUHOD\XVHGIRUIDXOWSURWHFWLRQLVRYHUFXUUHQWDQGHDUWKIDXOW2& ()&RPPRQO\

XVHGEUDQGVDUH6FKQHLGHU(OHFWULFDQG6LHPHQVLQN9%RWKWKHUHOD\VKDYHVLPLODUIXQFWLRQVEXWGLIIHUHQWKDUGZDUH OD\RXW FRQILJXUDWLRQV IRUPDWLRQ DQG QXPEHU RI LQSXWV 7KH EORFNV DQG DWWULEXWHV IRU ERWK PDLQ UHOD\V YDU\ LQ VFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVWKHLQSXWSLQVXVHGDUHGLIIHUHQWIRUHYHU\SURMHFWDQGDWWULEXWHYDOXHVDUHFKDQJHG

),*85(*UDSKLFDO8VHU,QWHUIDFH*8,WRFKDQJHPDLQUHOD\VHWWLQJV

)LJXUHVKRZVWKH*UDSKLFDO8VHU,QWHUIDFHWRDPHQGPDLQUHOD\DWWULEXWHVDXWRPDWLFDOO\DFFRUGLQJWRSURMHFW VWDQGDUGVE\VHOHFWLQJRQWKHRSWLRQVJLYHQ$WWULEXWHVRIERWKWKHUHOD\VFDQEHFKDQJHGE\VHOHFWLQJEDVHGRQWKH JLYHQRSWLRQVGLIIHUHQWLQSXWSLQVRIFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUVWULSFLUFXLWVXSHUYLVLRQUHOD\IDLOFLUFXLWEUHDNHUIDLOWULS FLUFXLWIDLOSURWHFWLRQUHOD\IDLO2& ()RSHUDWHGRYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQRSHUDWHGDQGHDUWKIDXOWRSHUDWHG2&

()WULSWR&%7&'HVLUHGLQSXWSLQVDWWULEXWHYDOXHVDFFRUGLQJWR71%VWDQGDUGVFDQEHVHOHFWHGZKLFKZLOOPDNH XSGDWHVDXWRPDWLFDOO\LQVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJV%RWK6LHPHQVDQG6FKQHLGHU(OHFWULFKDYHGLIIHUHQWLQSXWSLQVDQG PDMRULW\RIWKHSLQVDUHXSGDWHG)LJXUHVKRZVWKHJUDSKLFDOXVHULQWHUIDFH*8,LVSRSSHGXSZKHQXSGDWH DWWULEXWHVXQGHUN9PHQXEDULVFOLFNHG:KHQN96LHPHQVUHOD\LVVHOHFWHGRQWKHPDLQIRUP)LJXUHLW

(10)

FRQWDLQVIRXUGLIIHUHQWLQSXWVVXFKDV&7LQSXWV7ULS&LUFXLW6XSHUYLVLRQ2&DQG()WR&%7&$7&HDFKRIWKHVH IRXURSWLRQVKDYHPXOWLSOHYDULHW\RILQSXWSLQVWKDWFDQEHFKRVHQ7KHEXWWRQVRIHDFKLQSXWSLQVDUHHPEHGGHGZLWK DYLVXDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ7KHSDUWLFXODUDWWULEXWHYDOXHVRIDEORFNDUHXSGDWHGLQWKHPDLQUHOD\VFKHPDWLFGLDJUDP )LJXUHVKRZVWKHVHFRQGIRUPRI6LHPHQVUHOD\ZKLFKLQFRUSRUDWHWKUHHLQSXWVHDFKZLWKPXOWLSOHSLQVRI5HOD\

)DLO&%)DLO7ULS&LUFXLW)DLO7KHWKLUGIRUPIRU6LHPHQV5HOD\KDV2&2SHUDWHGDQG()2SHUDWHGSLQVUHVSHFWLYHO\

DVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH

),*85()RUPWRFKDQJHLQSXWSLQVRI&7LQSXWV7ULS&LUFXLW6XSHUYLVLRQ2&DQG()WR&%7&$7&

),*85()RUPWRFKDQJHLQSXWSLQVRI5HOD\)DLO&%)DLO7ULS&LUFXLW)DLO

(11)

),*85()RUPWRFKDQJHLQSXWSLQVRI2&2SHUDWHG()2SHUDWHG

$XWRPDWHGDPHQGPHQWRIDWWULEXWHLQVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDP

7KHDWWULEXWHYDOXHRI9&5EORFNKDVEHHQXSGDWHGDXWRPDWLFDOO\IURPµ+5:¶WRµ&RQWDFWRU2SHQ¶DV VKRZQLQ)LJXUHDQG)LJXUHUHVSHFWLYHO\7KLVLVGRQHE\VHOHFWLQJWKH$&7,QSXWVIURPWKH*8,IRUPRI N96LHPHQVUHOD\)LJXUH$QHZGUDZLQJVKHHWZDVFUHDWHGIRUWKHXSGDWHGDWWULEXWHYDOXHDQGWKHUHIHUHQFHG RULJLQDOGUDZLQJVKHHWLVNHSWDVZHOORULJLQDOGUDZLQJVKHHWVDUHNHSWIRUUHIHUHQFLQJDQGIXWXUHXVH

),*85(9&5EORFNLQJUHHQZLWK+5:DWWULEXWHYDOXH5HG

(12)

),*85(9&5EORFNLQJUHHQZLWK&RQWDFWRU2SHQDWWULEXWHYDOXH5HG

$QDO\]LQJZLWK ZLWKRXW*8,WRXSGDWHDPHQGVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVRIN9SURWHFWLRQ SDQHOV

7$%/(7LPHWDNHQWRXSGDWHVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVZLWK*8, 1RRISDQHOV

1RRIPDLQ

UHOD\LQSXW FLUFXLWV XSGDWHG

1RRI

GUDZLQJVVHWV $YHUDJHWLPH WDNHQPLQVHF

WRXSGDWH UHOD\LQSXW

7LPHWDNHQ KRXUPLQVHF WRXSGDWHPDLQ UHOD\LQSXWVLQ

VFKHPDWLF GUDZLQJ

7RWDOWLPH WDNHQWRXSGDWH

GUDZLQJV KRXUPLQ

VHFRQGV VHFRQGV PLQXWHV

VHFRQGV

VHFRQGV

VHFRQGV VHFRQGV PLQXWHV

VHFRQGV

VHFRQGV

VHFRQGV VHFRQGV PLQXWHV

VHFRQGV

VHFRQGV

VHFRQGV VHFRQGV PLQXWHV

VHFRQGV

VHFRQGV

(13)

7$%/(7LPHWDNHQWRXSGDWHVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVZLWKRXW*8, 1RRISDQHOV

1RRIPDLQ

UHOD\LQSXW FLUFXLWV XSGDWHG

1RRI

GUDZLQJVVHWV $YHUDJHWLPH WDNHQPLQVHF

WRXSGDWH UHOD\LQSXW

7LPHWDNHQ KRXUPLQVHF WRXSGDWHPDLQ UHOD\LQSXWVLQ

VFKHPDWLF GUDZLQJ

7RWDOWLPH WDNHQWRXSGDWH

GUDZLQJV KRXUPLQ

PLQXWH PLQXWHV PLQXWHV

PLQXWHV

PLQXWHV

PLQXWH PLQXWHV PLQXWHV

PLQXWHV

PLQXWHV

PLQXWH PLQXWHV KRXUV

PLQXWHV

PLQXWHV

PLQXWH PLQXWHV KRXUV

PLQXWHV

PLQXWHV

7$%/((UURUVPDGHLQVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVZLWKRXW*8, 1RRISDQHOV

7RWDOQRRIPDLQ UHOD\LQSXWFLUFXLWV

WREHXSGDWHG

1RRI GUDZLQJVVHWV

$YHUDJHHUURUVWR EHPDGHRXWRI LQSXWVDFFRUGLQJWR

QRRISDQHOV

7RWDOHUURUVPDGH

7$%/((UURUVPDGHLQVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVZLWK*8, 1RRISDQHOV

7RWDOQRRIPDLQ

UHOD\LQSXWFLUFXLWV WREHXSGDWHG

1RRI

GUDZLQJVVHWV $YHUDJHHUURUVWR EHPDGHRXWRI LQSXWVDFFRUGLQJWR

QRRISDQHOV

7RWDOHUURUVPDGH

7DEOHDQG7DEOHVKRZQDUHWKHHYDOXDWHGWLPHWDNHQWRFRPSOHWHXSGDWHVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH QXPEHURISURWHFWLRQSDQHOVZLWKDQGZLWKRXWWKHXVHRIGHYHORSHG*8,,WFDQEHVHHQWKDWDORWRIWLPHKDYHEHHQ UHGXFHG E\ XVLQJ WKH *8, WR XSGDWH WKH GUDZLQJV EHFDXVH LW LV DXWRPDWHG DQG LW LV QRW QHFHVVDU\ IRU WKH GHVLJQHUHQJLQHHUWRLQSXWPDQXDOO\HDFKDQGHYHU\YDOXHDOVRKDVVOHIUHHRIWUDFLQJWKHSDJHVWRXSGDWHEHFDXVH*8, EXWWRQVDUHSUHGHWHUPLQHGLQ&FRGHVWRWKHUHVSHFWLYHGUDZLQJVKHHWV,WWDNHVDSSUR[LPDWHO\KRXUVWRFRPSOHWHO\

FKDQJHXSGDWHGUDZLQJVKHHWVIRUSURWHFWLRQSDQHOVDVWKLVLVDWWKHOHYHON9RQO\EXWZKHQLWFRPHVWRKLJKHU YROWDJHOHYHOVWUDQVPLVVLRQOHYHOLWWDNHVXSDORWRIWLPHWRXSGDWHGUDZLQJVPDQXDOO\,WFDQEHVHHQLQ7DEOHWKDW RYHUDOOHUURUVPDGHZHUHZLWKRXWXWLOL]LQJWKH*8,EXWHUURUVZHUHUHGXFHGWRZLWKWKHXVHRI*8,DVVKRZQ

(14)

LQ7DEOH7KHHUURUVZHUHUHGXFHGEHFDXVHDPHQGPHQWVDUHWKURXJKEXWWRQVZLWKRXWWKHQHHGWRLQSXWDOWKRXJK RSWLRQIRUPDQXDOLQSXWLVJLYHQLQWKH*8,EXWWKLVPHWKRGUHGXFHKDVVOH

$&.12:/('*(0(17

7KH SURMHFW LV VXSSRUWHG WKURXJK WKH 7D\ORU¶V 5HVHDUFK *UDQW 6FKHPH 75*6 3URMHFW 75*60)62( 7KH DXWKRUV ZRXOG OLNH WR H[SUHVV WKHLU VLQFHUH JUDWLWXGH DQG DSSUHFLDWLRQ WR 36, ,QFRQWURO 6GQ %KG IRU WKH WHFKQLFDO VXSSRUW RIIHUHG DQG SURYLGLQJ ZKDW WKH SURMHFW UHTXLUHG RI FRQVXOWDWLRQ DQG GDWDEDVH

&21&/86,21

7KLVSURMHFWZDVGRQHWRDXWRPDWHWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIHOHFWULFDOVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVLQDXWRFDGIRUN9SURMHFWV ,WLVPDLQO\IRFXVHGRQDXWRPDWLQJSRZHUV\VWHPSURWHFWLRQVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJV7KHVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVDUHORDGHG DXWRPDWLFDOO\EDVHGRQWKHVHOHFWLRQLQWKHPHQXGURSGRZQZKLFKFRQVLVWVRIWUDQVIRUPHUED\XQGHUJURXQGFDEOH IHHGHUED\8*&DQGEXVVHFWLRQVFKHPDWLFVDUHORDGHGDXWRPDWHGO\SDUWLFXODUSDJHVRIVFKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVFDQEH ORDGHGDVZHOO7KLVLVPRUHFRQYHQLHQWDQGZLWKRXWKDYLQJWKHQHHGWRILQGGUDZLQJVIURPOLEUDULHV7KXVJUDSKLFDO XVHULQWHUIDFHZDVGHYHORSHGZLWKLQSXWEXWWRQVWRXSGDWHDPHQGVSHFLILFDWLRQVRIFRPSRQHQWVDQGSURWHFWLYHUHOD\V LQSXWSLQVFXUUHQWEDVHGVHWWLQJV6HOHFWLRQVDUHPDGHRQWKHJUDSKLFDOXVHULQWHUIDFH*8,ZLWKGLIIHUHQWLQSXW SLQVVXFKDVFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUVWULSFLUFXLWVXSHUYLVLRQUHOD\IDLOFLUFXLWEUHDNHUIDLOWULSFLUFXLWIDLOSURWHFWLRQ UHOD\IDLO2& ()RSHUDWHGRYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQRSHUDWHGDQGHDUWKIDXOWRSHUDWHG2& ()WULSWR&%7&DQG HDFKRIWKHVHLQSXWVKDYHYDULRXVVHWWLQJVSLQVWREHVHOHFWHG&FRGHVZHUHZULWWHQLQVXFKWKDWVHOHFWHGEXWWRQVLQ

*8,ZLOOPDNHFKDQJHVDQGFUHDWHXSGDWHGQHZGUDZLQJVKHHWZKHUHDVNHHSLQJWKHRULJLQDOLQLWLDOGUDZLQJVKHHW IRUUHIHUHQFH7KHUHIRUHWKLVDXWRFDGSOXJLQUHGXFHVWLPHVSHQWWRDPHQGGUDZLQJVDQGGHFUHDVHKXPDQHUURUV

5()(5(1&(6

1. / * +HZLWVRQ 0 %URZQ DQG 5 %DODNULVKQDQPractical power systems protection $PVWHUGDP (OVHYLHU 1HZQHV

2. <* =KDQJ=3 :DQJ -) =KDQJ DQG -0D ³)DXOWORFDOL]DWLRQ LQHOHFWULFDO SRZHU V\VWHPV $ SDWWHUQ UHFRJQLWLRQ DSSURDFK´Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst.YROQRSS±0DU

3. 5 +XJKHV DQG ( /HJUDQG ³1XPHULFDO EXVEDU SURWHFWLRQ EHQHILWV RI QXPHULFDO WHFKQRORJ\ LQ HOHFWULFDO VXEVWDWLRQ´

LQ2001 Seventh International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection (IEE)

4. 0LFKDHO%DPEHU0LFKDHO%HUJVWURP$QGUHZ'DUE\6XVDQ'DUE\DQG*UDKDP(OOLRWWNetwork protection & automation guide: protective relays, measurement & control.)LUVW6WDIIRUG(QJODQG$OVWRP*ULG

5. *6HWKXUDPDQµ6HOHFWLRQRIFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUV ZLUHVL]LQJLQVXEVWDWLRQV¶$YDLODEOHKWWSVHOHFWULFDOHQJLQHHULQJ SRUWDOFRPGRZQORDGFHQWHUERRNVDQGJXLGHVSRZHUVXEVWDWLRQVFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUVZLUHVL]LQJ$FFHVVHG6HS 6. 90DGDPL0$GDPLDNDQG07KDNXUµ'HVLJQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIZLGHDUHDVSHFLDOSURWHFWLRQVFKHPHV¶ LQ57th

Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004&ROOHJH6WDWLRQ7;86$SS±

7. +($'48$57(56'(3$570(172)7+($50<µ&RRUGLQDWHG3RZHU6\VWHP3URWHFWLRQ¶'HSDUWPHQWRI WKH

DUP\ )HE$YDLODEOH KWWSVZZZDFDGHPLDHGX

70BB&225',1$7('B32:(5B6<67(06B3527(&7,21$FFHVVHG6HS 8. &+)OXUVFKHLPDQG&+)OXUVFKHLPPower Circuit Breaker Theory and Design,(7

9. .ULVKQD5DMD9HQNDWHVKµ3RZHUV\VWHPSURWHFWLRQGHVLJQVFKHPH¶36,,Q&RQWURO,QWHUYLHZGRQHRQ$SU 10. 0.H]XQRYLFet al.Potential Applications of Expert Systems to Power System Protection Working Group D10 of the Line

Protection Subcommittee, Power System Relaying Committee Mark Enns, Chairman; Larry Budler, T.W. Cease, Ahmed Elneweihi, Ed GuroYRO

11. 5&0DUWLQDQG00DUWLQ“Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C# (Robert C. Martin)”.8SSHU6DGGOH 5LYHU1- 86$3UHQWLFH+DOO375

:HL6]LQµ8VHRIVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPVLQSRZHUV\VWHP¶36,,Q&RQWURO,QWHUYLHZGRQHRQ$SU

12. %UDQG.3³7KH6WDQGDUG,(&DV3UHUHTXLVLWHIRU,QWHOOLJHQW$SSOLFDWLRQVLQ6XEVWDWLRQV´,(((Power Engineering

Society General Meeting ± -XQH 9ROKWWS

LHHH[SORUHLHHHRUJLHOSGI

13. .ULVKQD5DMD9HQNDWHVK³(IIHFWVRIGUDZLQJVFKHPDWLFVZLWKRXWDXWRPDWLRQ´36,,Q&RQWURO,QWHUYLHZGRQH RQ 0DU

14. <XVRIDQG9LFNQHVZDUDQ³6FKHPDWLFGUDZLQJVIRUN9SURWHFWLRQFLUFXLWV´36,,Q&RQWURO,QWHUYLHZGRQHRQ 14--XQ

15. (3HUPDQDVDUL'5$5DPEOLDQG3'''RPLQLF³8VHULQWHUIDFHGHVLJQIRUD]RRQRVLVSUHGLFWLRQV\VWHP´ YROS 16. * 6 6DLQL 6 . 'XEH\ DQG 6 . %KDUWL ³)X]]\ EDVHG QRYHO IUDPHZRUN IRU XVHU RULHQWHG VRIWZDUH HQJLQHHULQJ´

YROS

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Iwan, Triyuwono dan Moh As’udi, Akuntasi Syari’ah; Memformulasikan Konsep Laba dalam Konteks Metafora Zakat .Jakarta: Salemba Empat, Johnny Ibrahim,Hukum Persaingan