Effects of Aggregate Size on Concrete Tensile Strength
by
Mohd Amin Bin Muktar
A project dissertation submitted to the Civil Engineering Programme Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons) (CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar
31750Tronoh Perak Darul Ridzuan
JULY2007
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Approved:
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL
Effects of Aggregate Size on Concrete Tensile Strength
by
Mohd Amin Bin Muktar
A project dissertation submitted to the Civil Engineering Programme Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons) (CIVIL ENGINEERING
Dr Ictor R Macam Project Supervisor
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK
December 2007
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CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons.
Ctk·
Mohd Amin Bin Muktar
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ABSTRACT
Concrete properties are dependant on many factors and one of them is the aggregate.
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Aggregates play a major role to the concrete properties as it present most of the concrete volume, Aggregate can affects both fresh and hardened concrete properties.
Some of the major aggregate properties that influenced concrete structures are the size, particle shape, surface texture, bulk density and its water absorption. In this project, concrete mix was design by using one particular size of coarse aggregate and the tensile strength was determined. It is understood that the tensile strength came from the strength of the cement paste to hold the aggregates. By introducing the same and smaller size of aggregates, more surface area for the cement paste to contact are provided. Other factors affecting concrete tensile strength are porosity, water cement ratio and the cement that being used in the concrete.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This dissertation could not have been written without the assistance from My FYP Supervisor, Dr Victor R. Macam, who patiently guided me through the dissertation process, never accepting less than my best efforts.
I am grateful to all of those with whom I have had the pleasure to work with during this project. Each of the technicians has provided me extensive personal and professional guidance.
Nobody has been more important to me in the pursuit of this project than my f.unily members. I would like to thank my parent, whose love and guidance are with me m whatever I pursue. They are ultimate role models.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL ... ii
CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY ... iii
ABSTRACT ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ... vii
LIST OF TABLES ... , .... .. ... ... . .. . . .... ., . . .. iv
CHAPTER 1 ... 1
INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background . . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. . 1
1.2 Problem Statement ... 2
1.3 Objectives and Scope of Study ... 2
CHAPTER 2 ... 3
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORY ... 3
2.1 Concrete ... 3
2.2 Proportions and strength ... 4
2.3 Concrete Strength Development.. ... 5
2.4 Tensile Strength in Concrete ... 5
2.5 Aggregates in Concrete ... 6
2. 5.1 Aggregate Size and Grading ... 6
2.5.2 Aggregate Particle Shape ... 7
2.5.3 Aggregate Surface Texture ... 8
2.5.4 Paste- Aggregate Interface ... 8
2.6 Other Factors Affecting Concrete Strength ... 9
2.6.1 Porosity ... 9
2.6.2 Water-cement ratio ... 10
2.6.3 Cement.. ... 10
CHAPTER 3 . . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . 12
METHODOLOGY ... 12
3.1 Gathering and Analyzing Information ... 12
3.2 Familiarization of the Tools I Equipment... ... 12
3.3 Experimental and Result Analysis ... 12
CHAPTER 4. . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. 16
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... 16
4.1 Split Tensile Test ... 16
4.2 Flexural Test.. ... 19
CHAPTER 5 ... 25
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.. ... .. .. . ... 25
REFERENCES ... 26
APPENDICES ... 27
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1; Concrete compressive strength vs. time during the curing Figure 2; Typical relation between water content, maximum aggregate
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size and workability 7
Figure 3; Relation between the particle shape and the workability of concrete 8 Figure 4; Aggregate that has been sieved and arranged according to the size 13 Figure 5; Flexural and Compression Machine for split tensile test 13 Figure 6; Placement ofthe concrete cube in the casing for Split Tensile test 16 Figure 7; Summary ofthe results for split tensile test 17 Figure 8; Concrete placement settings for split tensile test 19 Figure 9; Rectangular bar being used in split tensile test 19 Figure 1 0; Concrete prism being test for flexural test 20
Figure II; Summary of results for flexural test 21
Figure 12; Loading condition, shear diagram and moment diagram 22
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