The biennial Science and Technology Indicators (STI) report 2008 is an ongoing effort by the Malaysian Science and Technology Information Center (MASTIC). The biennial Science and Technology Indicators (STI) Report 2008 is an ongoing effort by the Malaysian Science and Technology Information Center (MASTIC).
INTRODUCTION
PREAMBLE
To remain competitive and continue to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), Malaysia must leverage its competitive advantage, especially in the subsectors involving science and technology. While Malaysia's ranking on the global benchmark for competitiveness has remained unchanged over the past three years (21 out of 133 countries in the Global Competitiveness Report), the country needs to improve its ranking, especially in technology.
HOW THE REPORT WAS PREPARED
Investors look not only at competitive products and services, but also political stability, level of local skills and knowledge in science and technology. The following chapters in this Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 will highlight insights on the areas that need further improvements and improvements.
EDUCATION IN SCIENCE
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
The Executive Summary, which provides an overview of the report, precedes the 13 chapters of this report. The adjustments of 13 chapters have been rearranged, a new chapter has been inserted and another chapter has been given a more appropriate title.
EDUCATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- EDUCATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AT THE SECONDARY AND PRE-UNIVERSITY LEVEL .1 Science and Technology at the SPM Level
- Science and Technology at the STPM Level
- Science and Technology at the Matriculation Level
- TERTIARY EDUCATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- Tertiary Education in Public Institutions
- Tertiary Education in Private Institutions of Higher Learning
- COMPARISON BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS
- SOME GENDER COMPARISONS
- Gender Comparisons in Public Institutions
- CONCLUSION
The number of graduates in the master's program from public IHR is shown in Figure 2.14. The number of graduates in the PhD level program of the public IHLs is shown in Figure 2.16.
HUMAN RESOURCE FOR
INTRODUCTION
In this report, data on academic qualification, research field and expertise as well as gender comparisons are also provided within each sector. The data and information in this report are provided by the National Survey on Research and Development 2008 report.
NATIONAL HEADCOUNT AND FTE IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Human Resource by Qualification and Gender
HUMAN RESOURCE FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- Human Resource by FTE
- Participation of Women in R&D
- R&D Personnel in Selected GRIs
- HUMAN RESOURCE IN PRIVATE SECTOR
- Private Sector R&D Personnel by Industry and Nationality
- PROGRAM TO ENCOURAGE MALAYSIAN CITIZENS WITH EXPERTISE RESIDING OVERSEAS TO RETURN TO MALAYSIA
- CONCLUSION
In terms of qualifications, 37% of the total number of female researchers in Malaysia consisted of PhD holders. As expected, Figure 3.18 shows that most Malaysian R&D personnel in private sector organizations are engaged in manufacturing industries with over 50% of the percentage shared.
PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR
INTRODUCTION
MOSTI's Science and Technology Indicators 2006 Report highlights that many countries have introduced a number of both fiscal and non-fiscal measures. According to the Science and Technology Indicators 2004 Report, four new programs have been introduced by the Government of Malaysia to further boost the development of the country's science and technology industry.
APPLICATION AND APPROVAL FOR S&T – RELATED GRANT SCHEMES
- Technology Acquisition Fund (TAF)
Since 1988, the government has introduced a centralized subsidy system for financing scientific and technological (S&T) research in public institutions and research agencies. This chapter explains the types of public programs to accelerate science and technology innovation (STI), such as research and development, commercialization, technology acquisition, and so on.
PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Commercialization of Research & Development Fund (CRDF)
The number of approved projects is higher than in 2003 and 2004 (21 projects). During the period under review, industrial products received the highest grant amount at RM24.68 million, followed by biotechnology (RM14.54 million), electronics and electrical (RM11.39 million), advanced materials (RM8.34 million) and the automotive industry (RM5.68). million).
Demonstrator Application Grant Scheme (DAGS)
Most applications were related to biotechnology (16 applications), industrial products (16 applications) and electrical engineering and electronics (10 applications). In the industrial sector, the most projects were related to biotechnology (10 projects), industrial products (9 projects) and electronics and electrical engineering projects (8 projects).
Multimedia Super Corridor R&D Grant Scheme (MGS)
Of the total number of applications, five were social digital inclusion projects, while the remaining three were E-Public Services projects.
Matching Grant Schemes
During this period, the plastic products sector recorded the highest total total approval under the number of projects and amount approved under the Product and Process Improvement Grants with 63 projects amounting to RM9.70 million, followed by food and beverages (57 projects worth RM5 .75 RM). million), electrical and electronics (55 projects at RM9.60 million), ICT (44 projects at RM10.68 million) and mineral products (42 projects at RM5.59 million). This was followed by plastic products (121 projects at RM3.14 million), electrical and electronics (93 projects at RM4.71 million), machinery and engineering (82 projects at RM2.30 million) and transportation equipment (72 projects at RM2 .54 million RM).
Malaysian Life Sciences Capital Fund (MLSCF)
Figures 4.8 and 4.9 show cumulative approvals and amount approved by project number and amount approved under product and process improvement matching grant and certification and quality management system matching grant by sector for the period 2005-2007. According to the Compliance Grant for Certification and Quality Management System, the food and beverage sector recorded the highest total cumulative approvals with 208 projects worth RM10.86 million.
Biotechnology R&D Grant Scheme
In terms of the type of incentives, genomics and molecular biology received the highest amount of grant with RM53.94 million, followed by agro-biotechnology with RM34.38 million and healthcare biotechnology (pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals) with RM22.64 million.
SUPPORT FOR R&D IN INSTITUTE OF HIGHER LEARNING (IHL)
- TechnoFund
- Spectrum Research Collaboration Program (SRCP)
The Spectrum Research Collaboration Program is funded and managed by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) in promoting research collaboration between Institutions of Higher Education (IHL) and various other public and private sectors. Launched in September 2006, this research program enables Malaysian IHL and the public and private sectors to participate in a range of spectrum research projects within the themes proposed by the MCMC.
DOUBLE DEDUCTION FOR TAX PURPOSES
Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report As shown in Figure 4.18, the biggest beneficiaries of the double deduction in 2006 were companies in the automotive industry. Other companies such as however, the companies in the electrical products sector benefited greatly from the estimated amount.
R&D INVESTMENT INCENTIVES
Compared to 2005, in 2006 there was a decrease in company claims, mainly in the automotive industry. The increasing number of approved deductions is in line with the rapid growth of the economy and the high purchasing power of the population in the local car market.
CONCLUSION
This chapter has provided comprehensive statistics on the funding information from the Malaysian government and its funding agencies such as Malaysian Communications & Multimedia Commission (MCMC) and Inland Revenue Board Malaysia for various S&T R&D programs in the country. This chapter reports research and development (R&D) activities carried out by the Government Research Institutes (GRIs), Institute of Higher Learnings (IHLs) and the private sector in Malaysia from 1996 to 2006.
NATIONAL OVERVIEW OF R&D
- National GERD
- National Expenditure on R&D
- Expenditure by Sectors (GRI, IHL, Private)
- Expenditure by Type of Cost (TOC)
- Expenditure by Type of Research (TOR)
- Expenditure by Field of Research (FOR)
- Expenditure by Social Economic Objective (SEO)
- Sources of Fund
- Expenditure in GRIs
- Expenditure in GRI by TOC
- Expenditure in GRI by TOR
- Expenditure in GRI by SEO
- Sources of Fund in GRI
- Outsourcing by GRI
- Outsourcing by GRI Locally
- Expenditure in IHL
- Expenditure in IHL by TOC
- Expenditure in IHL by TOR
- Expenditure in IHL by SEO
- Sources of Fund in IHL
- Outsourcing by IHLs
Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Figure 5.15: Fund sources in GRI by GRI institutions. Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Figure 5.26 shows the sources of funding in IHR by the IHR institutions.
R&D IN PRIVATE SECTORS
- Expenditure in Private Sectors
- Expenditure in Private Sector by TOC
- Expenditure in the Private Sector by FOR
- Expenditure in the Private Sector by SEO
- Sources of Fund in Private Sector
Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 5.5.1.2 Private Sector Expenditure in relation to TOR. In terms of private sector R&D outsourcing (Figure 5.35), Malaysian-owned companies recorded a high proportion (53.23%) of outsourcing activities.
LIMITING FACTORS IN R&D
- Internal Limiting Factors
- External Limiting Factors
Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 5.5.3 Outsourcing by the private sector.
CONCLUSION
INNOVATION IN SCIENCE AND
OVERVIEW OF 2002-2004 INNOVATION REPORT
The last reporting period for innovation was in 2002-2004 based on a survey conducted by MASTIC in 2005. Based on the same survey period, innovative companies tend to be large companies with annual.
INNOVATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- INNOVATION DRIVERS
- Market Driven
- Technology Driven
- Government Incentives as Innovation Driver
- INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
- CONCLUSION
- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN MALAYSIA .1 Patenting
- Trademark
The report in the figure below is based on the projects and expenditures in 2007. Malaysia has been very active in innovation and the trend is expected to continue in the future.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN MALAYSIA
PATENTING IN MALAYSIA
- Patenting Process by Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO) Figure 7.1: Flowchart of Application Procedure
- Patent Applications Filed and Granted in Malaysia from 1996 – 2008 .1 Patent Applications Filed in Malaysia, 1996 – 2008
- Patents Granted in Malaysia, 1996 – 2008
- Patents Application and Patents Granted in Malaysia by Country Applicants
The number of patents granted in 2008 decreased by almost 70% compared to the previous year. It has been observed that all the registered fields of technology are decreasing in the number of patents granted.
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Malaysian Science & Technology Indicators 2008 Report Malaysian Science & Technology Indicators 2008 Report Figure 7.7: Number of industrial design registrations from 1999 to 2008. However, the number of industrial design registrations decreased for both Malaysians and foreigners in 2005.
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
No industrial design was registered in 1999, because it was only open for use in that year. There was a huge increase in industrial design registrations in the year 2003, with a total number of 573 registrations for Malaysians and 974 for foreigners.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
CONCLUSION
The 8th Malaysia Plan (RMK-8) considers ICT as a key strategic driver to support and directly contribute to the growth of the economy and improve the quality of life of the population. In this regard, several ICT strategies have been developed to make Malaysian society and its economy more competitive in the globalized market.
WORKFORCE IN ICT
In RMK – 9, ICT is considered a key determinant in the development process to move the economy up the value chain. According to the Malaysian ICT Report 2007, Malaysia's ICT industry has continued to grow positively year on year over the past decade.
ICT FUNDING AND EXPENDITURE .1 Government Expenditure
- Public Funding on ICT
The grant is provided by the Malaysian government to support research and development projects for institutions of higher learning (IHL) in the field of science and technology. A dramatic decrease can also be seen in the number of projects approved for TechnoFund in 2006 and 2007.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA
- PC, Packaged Software Market Growth, Application Development and Deployment Software Market
- IT and Telecommunication Services
- Selected Exporters and Importers
- ICT INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACCESS
- Mode of Internet Access in Malaysia
- Direct Exchange Lines (DELs) in Malaysia
- Cellular Phones in Malaysia
- Broadband in Malaysia
- INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
- CONCLUSION
Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Figure 8.23 above shows the pattern of SMS usage in millions. Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Report Figure 8.27 shows how Malaysia compares in terms of Internet access.
MALAYSIA
AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA
- Biotechnology Categories and Number of Registered Companies
National Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Network (NBBnet) provides the directory of all biotechnology companies registered in Malaysia according to the categories depicted in the table below.
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA
- BioNexus Companies
- Article Box by Technology Park Malaysia (TPM)
- BIOTECHNOLOGY INDICATORS
- Education
- Human Resources
- Research & Development
- Patenting
- INDUSTRIAL ALLOCATION, GRANTS AND EXPENDITURE
- Number of Biotechnology Projects and Grants Approved, 2001-2005 for Biotechnology Industry
- Biotechnology Expenditure and Allocation
- INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
- CONCLUSION
- TRADE IN MANUFACTURED GOODS
Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Figure 9.1: Number of Bionexus companies by area. Other indicators provide data on the number of registered students at MHP in fields related to biotechnology and the number of available jobs.
TRADE IN TECHNOLOGY
- Manufactured Exports
- Manufacturing Trade Balance
- TRADE IN SERVICES
- Payments and Receipts
- Main Contributors to Payments and Receipts
- CONCLUSION
Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Table 10.2: Exports of medium high-tech products (RM billion. Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Figure 10.7 shows the trade balance of high-tech products for 2005 to 2006.
PUBLICATIONS AND
To achieve a better status in the world of knowledge in science, it is important to monitor the country's pattern of publication progress and citations. Thus, this chapter aims to outline the achievements of Malaysian scientists in order to determine the directions as well as the strength and weakness in Malaysian S&T Research and Development through publications and citation reports in Malaysia.
PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS (BIBLIOMETRIC)
- OVERVIEW OF MALAYSIAN-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS
- Publications by IHLs in Malaysia
- Publications by Government Research Institutions
- Publications by S&T Subject Fields
- Countries that Collaborated with Malaysia-Based Author
- Publications in High Impact Journal
- Publication by Individual Authors or Scientists
- OVERVIEW OF CITATIONS OF MALAYSIAN-BASED AUTHORS
- Citations by Subject Fields
- Citations by Individual Authors
- INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON: ASEAN REGION
- INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON: THE WORLD
- CONCLUSION
Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Table 11.3: Publication of Scientific Papers in Malaysia by Private Educational Institutions. Figure 11.6 shows the publication of scientific papers in Malaysia by subject area for the period 1909.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS
PERCEPTION OF INTEREST IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The total average interest is calculated without taking into account innovations in telecommunications technology and NSF research in S&T. Source: The Public's Awareness of Science & Technology Malaysia 2008.
PUBLIC AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE
TOWARDS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- PERCEPTION OF KNOWLEDGE IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
- CONCLUSION
- ABOUT THE SCORECARD
Science and Technology Indicators Malaysia 2008 Science and Technology Indicators Malaysia Report 2008 12.4 ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators 2008 Malaysia Science and Technology Indicators Report 2008 Report 2008 12.6 S&T INFORMATION AND INTELLIGENCE SOURCES.
CONCLUSION / THE WAY FORWARD
SUMMARY OF MALAYSIA’S PERFORMANCE AGAINST EACH CATEGORY .1 R&D Investments and Expenditure
- Human Resources
- Interactions and Cooperation
- Outputs and Outcomes
- Knowledge Infrastructure and Diffusion
- S&T Knowledge, Understanding and Awareness
The scorecard presented in Table 13.1 consists of a set of indicators developed from various categories of S&T. In contrast, the increase in the index of scientific reservation shows that Malaysia has a high level of concern about the development of S&T.
CONCLUSION
The improvements made to the Scientific Promise Index show that Malaysians are opting for a more optimistic outlook and have a strong belief in the promises of S&T. Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 report Malaysian Science and Technology Indicators 2008 report Interactions and collaboration% of public R&D funded by industry / external funds3.02.0+ve3.710 Outputs and results.
WAY FORWARD
Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus and related goods. Manufacture of medical apparatus and instruments and apparatus for measuring, checking, testing, navigation and other purposes, except optical instruments 332.
