The Anguilliform Eels (Pisces: Anguilliformes)

89

The Anguilliform Eels

90

›Ž™˜›Žȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ ¢™Žȱ –ŠŽ›’Š•œȱ ˜ȱ ŽŽ•œȱ Ž›’ŸŽȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡Ž—œ’ŸŽȱ

Œ˜••ŽŒ’˜—ȱ–ŠŽȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ•‹Š›˜œœȱ¡™Ž’’˜—ȱ›˜–ȱŗşŖŝȱ˜ȱŗşŗŖȱǻ–’‘ȱ ǭȱ’••’Š–œǰȱŗşşşǼǯȱ

ȱŽ’——’—ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ•ŠŽȱŗşşŖœǰȱœŽŸŽ›Š•ȱ—Ž ȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ˜ȱŽŽ•œȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ

ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ꜑ȱ Šž—Šȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ‘’•’™™’—Žœȱ ǻŒ˜œ”Ž›ǰȱ ŗşşŞǰȱ ŘŖŗŖDzȱ

Šœ•Žȱ ǭȱ –’‘ǰȱ ŗşşşDzȱ 㑕”Žǰȱ ŘŖŖŖDzȱ 㑕”Žȱ ǭȱ –’‘ǰȱ ŘŖŖŘDzȱ –’‘ȱ ǭȱ Š›–˜Ÿœ”Š¢Šǰȱ ŘŖŖřǼǯȱ ŽŸŽ›Š•ȱ ž—”—˜ —ȱ œ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ ‘Šȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ

’œŒ˜ŸŽ›Žȱ›ŽŒŽ—•¢ȱœ’••ȱŠ Š’ȱ˜›–Š•ȱŽœŒ›’™’˜—ȱ ‘’•ŽȱŒŽ›Š’—ȱ›˜ž™œȱ

œžŒ‘ȱ Šœȱ –˜›’—ž’œȱ Š—ȱ ˜™‘’Œ‘‘’œȱ —ŽŽȱ Šȱ ‘˜›˜ž‘ȱ Š¡˜—˜–’Œȱ

›ŽŸ’œ’˜—ȱǻǯ ǯȱ–’‘ȱǭȱǯǯȱŒ˜œ”Ž›ǰȱ™Ž›œǯȱŒ˜––ǯǼǯȱ˜›ȱŽ¡Š–™•Žǰȱ‘Žȱ

›ŽŒŽ—•¢ȱ ŽœŒ›’‹ŽȱAnguilla huangiȱ ǻA. luzonensisǼȱ ›˜–ȱ Š’ Š—ȱ Š—ȱ

‘Žȱ—˜›‘Ž›—ȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœȱ ŠœȱŒ˜—žœŽȱ ’‘ȱA. celebesensisȱ˜›ȱŠȱ•˜—ȱ

™Ž›’˜ȱ˜ȱ’–ŽȱǻŽ—ǰȱ’—ȱǭȱ£Ž—ǰȱŘŖŖşǼǯȱ

ȱ’œȱ‘Žȱ™ž›™˜œŽȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ™Š™Ž›ȱ˜ȱ™›ŽœŽ—ȱ‘Žȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ˜ȱŽŽ•œȱ‘žœȱ

Š›ȱ”—˜ —ȱ›˜–ȱŠ˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ǰȱŽ›˜œȱŒŒ’Ž—Š•ȱŠ—ȱŠ“ŠŒŽ—ȱ ŠŽ›œǯȱ

MATERIALS AND METHODS

ŽȱŒ˜••ŽŒŽȱœŠ–™•Žœȱ˜ȱŽŽ•œȱ–Š’—•¢ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ˜ž›ȱŒ˜••ŽŒ’—ȱœŠ’˜—œȱ

’—ȱŠ˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ǰȱŽ›˜œȱŒŒ’Ž—Š•ȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŗǼȱžœ’—ȱŠȱŸŠ›’Ž¢ȱ˜ȱŽŠ›ȱ

œžŒ‘ȱ Šœȱgarabȱ ǻŠ—ȱ ’—’Ž—˜žœȱ ŽŠ›Ǽǰȱ œ™ŽŠ›œǰȱ ꗎȬ—Žœȱ Š—ȱ ‹Š–‹˜˜ȱ

Figure 1. Map showing the Bago River in Negros Occidental.

ANGUILLIFORM EELS IN BAGO RIVER

91

›Š™œǯȱ’’˜—Š•ȱœŠ–™•Žœȱ™ž›Œ‘ŠœŽȱ’›ŽŒ•¢ȱ›˜–ȱ•˜ŒŠ•ȱ꜑Ž›œȱŠ—ȱ

•˜ŒŠ•ȱ꜑ȱ–Š›”Žœȱ’—ȱ—Ž’‘‹˜›’—ȱ•˜ŒŠ•’’Žœȱ Ž›ŽȱŠ•œ˜ȱ’—Œ•žŽȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ

œž¢ǯ

Š–™•Žœȱ  Ž›Žȱ ’––Ž’ŠŽ•¢ȱ ę¡Žȱ ’—ȱ ŗŖƖȱ ˜›–Š•’—ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Ž—ȱ ’—ȱ ŝŖƖȱ Ž‘Š—˜•ȱ ŠŽ›ȱ Šȱ •ŽŠœȱ Šȱ  ŽŽ”ȱ ’—ȱ ˜›–Š•’—ȱ Š—ȱŽ™˜œ’Žȱ Šȱ ‘Žȱ ǯǯȱ ˜—£Š•Žœȱ žœŽž–ȱ ˜ȱ Šž›Š•ȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ Šȱ ’••’–Š—ȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ǰȱ

ž–ŠžŽŽȱ’¢ǯȱ

—ȱ Š’’˜—ǰȱ œ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ Š“ŠŒŽ—ȱ  ŠŽ›œȱ œžŒ‘ȱ Šœȱ ‘˜œŽȱ

Œ˜••ŽŒŽȱ’—ȱ ž’–Š›Šœȱ›Š’ȱŠ—ȱ’—ȱ•˜’•˜ȱ™›˜Ÿ’—ŒŽȱ‘ŠȱŠ›Žȱ™›ŽœŽ—•¢ȱ

‘˜žœŽȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—ŽȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱžœŽž–ȱǻǼȱŠ—ȱ Ž›ŽȱŽ¡Š–’—Žȱ

‹¢ȱ‘ŽȱœŽ—’˜›ȱŠž‘˜›ȱ˜—ȱřŖȱŽ™Ž–‹Ž›ȱŘŖŖşȱ Ž›ŽȱŠ•œ˜ȱ’—Œ•žŽǯȱŽ›Š’—ȱ

œ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ ”—˜ —ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Š“ŠŒŽ—ȱ  ŠŽ›œȱ •’œŽȱ ’—ȱ ™ž‹•’œ‘Žȱ •’Ž›Šž›Žȱ  Ž›ŽȱŠ•œ˜ȱ’—Œ•žŽȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ•’œǯ

˜›ȱ ŸŽ›’ęŒŠ’˜—ǰȱ ™‘˜˜›Š™‘œȱ  Ž›Žȱ ˜‹Š’—Žȱ ˜›ȱ ŽŠŒ‘ȱ œ™ŽŒ’Žœǰȱ

Š—ȱ‘Ž—ȱœŽ—ȱ˜ȱŽŽ•ȱœ™ŽŒ’Š•’œœȱǻǯ ǯȱ–’‘ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ’Ÿ’œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ’œ‘Žœǰȱ

—’Žȱ ŠŽœȱ Š’˜—Š•ȱ žœŽž–ȱ ˜ȱ Šž›Š•ȱ ’œ˜›¢ǰȱ –’‘œ˜—’Š—ȱ

—œ’ž’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜œ”Ž›ǰȱǯǯȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ•’˜›—’ŠȱŒŠŽ–¢ȱ˜ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽœǰȱ Ǽǯȱž™•’ŒŠŽȱœŠ–™•Žœȱ Ž›Žȱ•ŠŽ›ȱ˜—ŠŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱ

›ǯȱ Žěȱ ’••’Š–œǯȱ œ’Žȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ ’Ž—’ęŒŠ’˜—ȱ ™›˜Ÿ’Žȱ ˜ȱ žœȱ ‹¢ȱ

œ™ŽŒ’Š•’œœȱ˜—ȱŽŽ•œǰȱ Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŠ•œ˜ȱž’•’£Žȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱœ˜ž›ŒŽœDZȱ–’‘ȱ

Š—ȱŒ˜œ”Ž›ȱǻŗşşşǼȱŠ—ȱŒ˜œ”Ž›ȱǻŘŖŗŖǼȱ˜›ȱ˜™‘’Œ‘‘’œDzȱ㑕”Žǰȱ

Œ˜œ”Ž›ȱ ǭȱ –’‘ȱ ǻŗşşşǼȱ ˜›ȱ –ž›ŠŽ—’œǰȱ Š—ȱ –’‘ȱ ǻŗşşşǼȱ ˜›ȱ

–˜›’—ž’œȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—›’œǯ

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION List of species

‘Žȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ—Ž›ŠŽȱŠ—ȱŠ——˜ŠŽȱ•’œȱ˜ȱŘŗȱŠ—ž’••’˜›–ȱŽŽ•ȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ

Œ˜••ŽŒŽȱ›˜–ȱŠ˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ“ŠŒŽ—ȱ ŠŽ›œȱ˜ȱ•˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ȱŠ—ȱ ž’–Š›Šœȱ›Š’ǯȱŠ“˜›’¢ȱŠ›Žȱ”—˜ —ȱ‹ž››˜ Ž›œȱ’—‘Š‹’’—ȱŽœžŠ›’—Žȱ

Š›ŽŠœȱ‘Šȱ‹Ž•˜—ȱ˜ȱ™‘’Œ‘‘’ŠŽȱǻŗŖȱœ™ŽŒ’ŽœǼȱŠ—ȱ˜›’—ž’ŠŽȱǻ˜ž›ȱ

œ™ŽŒ’ŽœǼȱ Š–’•’Žœǯȱ ˜–Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ŽŽ•ȱ œ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ —ŽŽȱ ž›‘Ž›ȱ Š¡˜—˜–’Œȱ

ŠĴŽ—’˜—Dzȱœ˜–Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŠœ™ŽŒœȱŠ›Žȱ‹›’ŽĚ¢ȱ’œŒžœœŽǯ

ORDER ANGUILLIFORMES

FAMILY ANGUILLIDAE (Freshwater Eels)

Anguilla marmorataȱž˜¢ȱŠ—ȱ Š’–Š›ȱŗŞŘŚȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŘǼ A. BUCOL, C. MENES, J. LINAUGO, & J.O. PACALIOGA

92

Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖśŗȬŗŖŖśŘ

Remarks:ȱ’œ’—ž’œ‘ŽȱŽŠœ’•¢ȱ›˜–ȱ˜‘Ž›ȱAnguillaȱ‹¢ȱ’œȱ–˜Ĵ•ŽȱŒ˜•˜›ȱ

Š—ȱ•˜—ȱ˜›œŠ•ȱę—ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ˜›’’—ŠŽœȱŒ•˜œŽ›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’••ȱ˜™Ž—’—ȱ‘Š—ȱ‘Žȱ

Š—žœȱǻ–’‘ȱŗşşşŠǼǯȱ‘Žȱ•Š›Žœȱ’—’Ÿ’žŠ•ȱ‘Šȱ ŽȱŒŠž‘ȱǻŠ’˜—ȱŗȱ’—ȱ

˜—ȱŠ•ŸŠ˜›ȱŽ—Ž’Œ˜Ǽȱ–ŽŠœž›ŽœȱŒŠȱؖȱŠ—ȱ Ž’‘œȱŗŚȱ”ǯȱ

Figure 2. Giant Mottled Eel Anguilla marmorata from Bago River (weight = 14 Kg).

Figure 3. The worm eel Moringua raitaborua from Bago River estuary.

ANGUILLIFORM EELS IN BAGO RIVER

93 ȱ ȱǻ™Š‘ŽĴ’ȱŽ•œǼ

Moringua raitaboruaȱŠ–’•˜—ȱŗŞŘŘȱǻ’ž›ŽȱřǼ

Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖřŖȬśŖDzȱŠ˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ȱœžŠ›¢Dzȱ˜••DZȱǯȱžŒ˜•ǰȱǯȱ

Ž—Žœǰȱǯȱ’—Šž˜ǰȱŠ—ȱǯȱŠ•ŽœDzȱŒǯȱŗśǰȱŘŖŖşǯ

Remarks:ȱ—˜Ž—Ž’ŒȱŠ—ȱœŽ¡žŠ•ȱŸŠ›’Š’˜—œȱǻ–’‘ȱǭȱŠœ•ŽǰȱŗşŝŘDzȱ

–’‘ǰȱ ŗşşşǼȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ ŒŠžœŽȱ Š¡˜—˜–’Œȱ Œ˜—žœ’˜—ȱ  ’‘’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž—žœȱ Moringuaǯȱ ˜–Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ œ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ Šœœ’—Žȱ Ž››˜—Ž˜žœ•¢ȱ ˜ȱ

’쎛Ž—ȱŠ–’•’ŽœȱŠ—ȱŽ—Ž›Šǯȱ‘Žȱ’––Šž›Žȱ˜›–œȱ˜ȱMoringua were

ŽœŒ›’‹Žȱ–Š—¢ȱ ’–Žœȱ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ •’Ž›Šž›Žȱ ŠœȱApthalmichthys, Stilbiscus,

Š—ȱAnguillichthysȱǻ ˜œ•’—Žȱǭȱ›Šœ‹ž›ǰȱŗşśŜDzȱ ˜›˜—ǰȱŗşśŚDzȱŠœ•Žǰȱ ŗşŜŞDzȱŠœ•Žȱǭȱ–’‘ǰȱŗşŝŘǼǯȱ

‘Žȱ ŠŒžŠ•ȱ —ž–‹Ž›ȱ ˜ȱ œ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ ˜ȱMoringuaȱ ‘Šœȱ —˜ȱ ¢Žȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ

ŽŽ›–’—Žǯȱ ž–Ž›˜žœȱ —Š–Žœȱ ǻŠ‹˜žȱ řŞǼȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ ™ž‹•’œ‘Žȱ ’—ȱ

‘Žȱ•’Ž›Šž›ŽȱǻœŽŽȱŠœ•ŽǰȱŗşŜŞǼǰȱ‹žȱ‘ŽȱŠŒžŠ•ȱ—ž–‹Ž›ȱ˜ȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ’œȱ

™›˜‹Š‹•¢ȱœ–Š••ȱǻ–’‘ǰȱŗşşşǰȱŘŖŗŖȱ™Ž›œǯȱŒ˜––ǼǯȱŽ››ŽȱǻŗşŘŚǼȱ™ž‹•’œ‘Žȱ

—˜–’—Š•ȱ—Š–ŽœȱœžŒ‘ȱŠœȱMoringua cagayanaȱŠ—ȱM. robustaǯȱȱŠ™™ŽŠ›œȱ that M. robustaȱ–’‘ȱ‹ŽȱŠȱ–Šž›’—ȱŽ–Š•Žȱ˜ȱM. raitaboruaǯȱ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ

‘ŽȱŽ—’›ŽȱŽ—žœȱ—ŽŽœȱ›ŽŸ’œ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŸŠ›’Š’˜—œȱ ’‘’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—žœȱ ’••ȱ

‹Žȱ ’œŒžœœŽȱ •ŠŽ›ǯȱ Š›Žž•ȱ Ž¡Š–’—Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ‹˜¢ȱ ™›˜™˜›’˜—œǰȱ

ŸŽ›Ž‹›Š•ȱ Œ˜ž—œǰȱ ŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—Š•ȱ œŠŽœȱ Š—ȱ œŽ¡žŠ•ȱ ’–˜›™‘’œ–ȱ

œžŽœȱ‘ŽȱœŠ–™•Žœȱ Žȱ˜‹Š’—ŽȱŠ›ŽȱMoringua raitaborua.

ŽŸŽ›Š•ȱ œ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œȱ ˜ȱMoringuaȱ Š›Žȱ ™›ŽœŽ—•¢ȱ Ž™˜œ’Žȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ǰȱ ‹žȱ ‘Žȱ ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘Ž›œȱ  Ž›Žȱ ž—Š‹•Žȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡Š–’—Žȱ ‘Ž–ǯȱ–˜—ȱ

‘ŽœŽȱŠ›Žȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œȱŒ˜••ŽŒŽȱ‹¢ȱǯȱ’••’Š–œȱŽȱŠ•ǯȱ’—ȱŗşşśȱŠȱ ž’–Š›Šœȱ ǻȱ řŚřşŞŞǼȱ Š—ȱ Š—ȱ ˜Ššž’—ǰȱ •˜’•˜ȱ ™›˜Ÿ’—ŒŽȱ ǻȱ řŚřşŞŝǼǰȱ

‹¢ȱ ǯȱ Ž••Ž›œȱ ’—ȱ ŗşŘşȱ ž›’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ǯǯȱ ŠŸ¢ȱ Œ•’™œŽȱ ¡™Ž’’˜—ȱ Šȱ

’Œ˜›’Šœǰȱ Ž›˜œȱ ŒŒ’Ž—Š•ȱ ǻȱ ŗŗŘŝŝřǼǰȱ ‹¢ȱ ‘Žȱ •‹Š›˜œœȱ

‘’•’™™’—Žȱ¡™Ž’’˜—ȱǻŗşŖŝȬŗşŗŖǼȱ’—ȱŗşŖŞȱŠȱŠœ˜ȱǯǰȱŠ—Š¢ȱǻȱ ŗřśŗŖŚǼȱŠ—ȱ’—ȱ•˜’•˜ȱŠ›”Žȱ’—ȱŗşŖşȱǻȱŗřśŗŖŞǼǯȱ—ȱ’––Šž›Žȱ Moringuaȱ Ž™˜œ’Žȱ ’—ȱ ȱ –ŽŠœž›’—ȱ ŗŝŖȱ ––ȱ ǻǼȱ Œ˜••ŽŒŽȱ ‹¢ȱ

’••˜œ˜ȱŽȱŠ•ǯȱ’—ȱŽ‹›žŠ›¢ȱŗşŝśȱ›˜–ȱ˜Šœȱœ•Š—ǰȱ—’—’Ȭ¢ǰȱ—’šžŽǰȱ  Šœȱ˜ž—ȱŠ–˜—ȱGymnothoraxȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œȱǻȱŗŖŝśŖǼǯ

Ž››Žȱ ǻŗşŘřǼȱ ›Ž™˜›Žȱ Apthalmichthys macrocephalusȱ •ŽŽ”Ž›ǰȱ

™›˜‹Š‹•¢ȱŠ—ȱ’––Šž›Žȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱ˜ȱMoringua raitaboruaǰȱ›˜–ȱž‹˜Œȱ

ŽŠŒ‘ǰȱ•˜’•˜ǯȱȱȱȱ

FAMILY CONGRIDAE (Conger Eels) Bathymyrus œ™ǯ

Specimen:ȱ ȱŗŖŖŜśDzȱŠ‹Š—”Š•Š—ȱ’œ‘ȱŠ›”ŽDzȱǯȱŠŒŠ•’˜Š

A. BUCOL, C. MENES, J. LINAUGO, & J.O. PACALIOGA

94

Uroconger lepturusȱǻ’Œ‘Š›œ˜—ǰȱŗŞŚśǼ

Specimens:ȱ ȱ ŗŖŖśřDzȱ Š‹Š—”Š•Š—ȱ ’œ‘ȱ Š›”Žǰȱ Ž›˜œȱ

ŒŒ’Ž—Š•DzȱŒ˜••DZȱǯȱŠŒŠ•’˜Šǯȱ

Remarks:ȱǯȱžŒ˜•ȱ˜‹Š’—ŽȱŠȱœ’—•Žȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱ›˜–ȱ˜˜ȱ’œ‘ȱŠ›”Žȱ

’—ȱ Œǯȱ ŘŖŖşǯȱ Ž››Žȱ ǻŗşŘřǼȱ ›Ž™˜›Žȱ œŠ–™•Žœȱ Œ˜••ŽŒŽȱ ›˜–ȱ ž‹˜Œȱ

ŽŠŒ‘ǰȱ•˜’•˜ǯȱ

˜—Ž›ȱŒ’—Ž›Žžœȱû™™Ž••ǰȱŗŞŘŞ

Specimens:ȱ˜ž›ȱž—•Š‹Ž•Žȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œȱŠȱȱǻŗŖŜŜŜǼȱŒ˜••ŽŒŽȱ›˜–ȱ

˜Šœȱœ•Š—ǰȱ—’—’Ȭ¢ǰȱ—’šžŽǰȱŠ—Š¢ȱ’—ȱŽ‹›žŠ›¢ȱŗşŝśǯȱ Remarks:ȱ›˜‹Š‹•¢ȱŒ˜––˜—ȱ’—ȱ ž’–Š›Šœȱ›Š’ǯ

FAMILY MURAENESOCIDAE (Pike Congers) Muraenesox cinereusȱǻ˜›œœ”ª•ǰȱŗŝŝśǼȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŚǼ

Specimens:ȱ˜––˜—•¢ȱœ˜•ȱŠœȱ‹¢ȬŒŠŒ‘ȱ’—ȱ꜑ȱ–Š›”Žœǯ

Remarks:ȱ˜–Ž’–ŽœȱŒŠž‘ȱ‹¢ȱ꜑Ž›œȱ—ŽŠ›ȱ‘Žȱ–˜ž‘œȱ˜ȱ•˜ȱŠ—ȱ

Š˜ȱ›’ŸŽ›œǯ

Muraenesox bagioȱǻŠ–’•˜—ǰȱŗŞŘŘǼȱǻ’ž›ŽȱśǼ

Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖśŚȱǻ ˜ȱœŠ–™•ŽœǼDzȱ•˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ȱœžŠ›¢

Figure 4. Head region of the Pike-conger eel Muraenesox cinereus.

ANGUILLIFORM EELS IN BAGO RIVER

95

FAMILY OPHICHTHIDAE (Snake or Worm Eels) Subfamily Myrophinae

Neenchelys œ™ǯȱ

Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖśś

Remarks:ȱ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œȱ Ž›Žȱ˜ž—ȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽœžŠ›’—ŽȱŠ›ŽŠȱ˜ȱŠ˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ǯȱ

ŽŒŠžœŽȱ‘ŽȱŽ—žœȱ’œȱŠ¡˜—˜–’ŒŠ••¢ȱŒ˜—žœ’—ǰȱ’Ž—’ęŒŠ’˜—ȱ’œȱ•’–’Žȱ

˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—Ž›’Œȱ•ŽŸŽ•ǯȱȱ

Muraenichthys thompsoniȱ˜›Š—ȱŠ—ȱ’Œ‘Š›œ˜—ǰȱŗşŖŞȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŜǼ

Figure 5. Muraenesox bagio (dorso-lateral view).

Figure 6. Muraenichthys cf thompsoni.

A. BUCOL, C. MENES, J. LINAUGO, & J.O. PACALIOGA

96

Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖśŜ

Remarks:ȱȱŽ ȱœŠ–™•Žœȱ Ž›Žȱ˜‹Š’—Žȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŽœžŠ›’—ŽȱŠ›ŽŠȱ ’‘ȱ

‘ŽȱžœŽȱ˜ȱŠȱ•˜ŒŠ•ȱŽŠ›ȱŒŠ••ŽȱgarabǯȱŒ˜œ”Ž›ȱǻŗşŝŖǼȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›ŽȱM.

malabonensisȱŠœȱŠȱœ¢—˜—¢–ȱ˜ȱM. thompsoni.

Benthenchelys cartieriȱ˜ •Ž›ǰȱŗşřŚ

Remarks:ȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱŠŠȱ Ž›ŽȱŠ”Ž—ȱ›˜–ȱ–’‘ȱǻŗşşŚǼǯȱ˜•˜¢™ŽDZȱ ȱ şŘřśŜȱ ǻŗŗśȱ ––ǰȱ ŸŽ›Ž‹›ŠŽȱ ŚŜȦśŖȦŗŜŝǼǯȱ ŠŒ’ęŒǰȱ ‘’•’™™’—Žȱ œǯDzȱ

‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱŠ—Š¢ȱŠ—ȱŽ›˜œǰȱžœŠ›Š–ȱǰȱȱŘřǚȱǰȱŘśǯśŖȱ–’ȱǻŚŗȱ”–ǼDzȱ ŗŖǚŖśȇŚśȈǰȱŗŘŘǚŗŞȇřŖȈDzȱŜřŞȱ–ȱǻŗŗŜŞȱ–ǼDzȱřŖȱŠ›ȱŗşŖŞDzȱAlbatrossȱśŗŞśDzȱ ŗŝŘŜȱ‘›ǯȱŠ›Š¢™ŽœDZȱȱşřřŚşȱǻŚǰȱşŝȬŗŖśȱ––Ǽǯȱ

Scolecenchelysȱ’•‹¢ǰȱŗŞŜŝȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŝǼ Specimen:ȱŗȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱœŽ—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȱ

Remarks:ȱ’œ’—ž’œ‘Žȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—žœȱMuraenichthysȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽœŽ—ŒŽȱ

˜ȱŽŽ‘ȱ˜—ȱŸ˜–Ž›ǰȱ–Š¡’••ŠȱŠ—ȱŽ—Š›¢ȱǻŒ˜œ”Ž›ǰȱŗşŝŖǼǯȱŽŒŠžœŽȱ

˜—•¢ȱ Šȱ œ’—•Žȱ œ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱ ’œȱ ŠŸŠ’•Š‹•Žȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ —ž–‹Ž›ȱ ˜ȱ ŸŽ›Ž‹›ŠŽȱ

ŒŠ——˜ȱ‹ŽȱŽŽ›–’—ŽȱŠȱ‘’œȱ’–Žǰȱ Žȱ•’–’ȱ˜ž›ȱ’Ž—’ęŒŠ’˜—ȱž™ȱ˜ȱ

‘ŽȱŽ—žœȱ•ŽŸŽ•ǯȱ

Figure 7. The worm eel Scolecenchelys from Bago River.

”¢‘›Ž—Œ‘Ž•¢œȱ£Š‹›ŠȱŠœ•ŽȱŠ—ȱŒ˜œ”Ž›ǰȱŗşşş

Specimens:ȱȱŗŚŞśŝŚDzȱǯǯȱŽ••Ž›œǰȱŘŖȱŠ›Œ‘ȱŗşŘşȱ

Remarks:ȱ ŽœŒ›’‹Žȱ Šœȱ Šȱ —Ž ȱ Ž—žœȱ Š—ȱ œ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ ‹¢ȱ Šœ•Žȱ Š—ȱ

Œ˜œ”Ž›ȱ ǻŗşşşǼǰȱ ’—Œ•ž’—ȱ Šȱ œ’—•Žȱ œ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱ ǻȱ ŗŚŞśŝŚǼȱ

Œ˜••ŽŒŽȱ˜ěȱ•˜’•˜ǰȱŠ—Š¢

ANGUILLIFORM EELS IN BAGO RIVER

97

’››‘’–ž›ŠŽ—ŠȱŒ‘’—Ž—œ’œȱŠž™ǰȱŗŞśŜȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŞǼ Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖśŝ

Remarks:ȱ Ž—’ęŒŠ’˜—ȱ ™›˜Ÿ’œ’˜—Š›¢ȱ ’ŸŽ—ȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Žȱ Ž—žœȱ —ŽŽœȱ

›ŽŸ’œ’˜—ȱǻŒ˜œ”Ž›ǰȱǯȱ™Ž›œǯȱŒ˜––ǯǼǯȱ Bascanichthys sp.ȱǻ’ž›ŽȱşǼ

Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖśŞDzȱȱœ’—•Žȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱŒ˜••ŽŒŽȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱœŠ—¢ȱ

ŽœžŠ›¢ȱ˜ȱ•˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ȱ™›ŽœŽ—•¢ȱŽ™˜œ’Žȱ’—ȱDzȱŒ˜••DZȱǯȱžŒ˜•ȱŠ—ȱ

™Š›¢ǯȱȱ

Figure 8. Cirrhimuraena cf chinensis.

Figure 9. Bascanicthys sp., an uncommon estuarine eel in Negros Occidental.

A. BUCOL, C. MENES, J. LINAUGO, & J.O. PACALIOGA

98

’››”Š•Šȱ–’œ˜•Ž—œ’œȱ ž—‘Ž›ǰȱŗŞŝŘȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŗŖǼ Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖśş

Remarks:ȱ ˜•˜›Š’˜—ȱ œ’–’•Š›ȱ ˜ȱLamnostomaȱ ǻŠ˜˜”Šȱ ǭȱ ˜œ‘’—˜ǰȱ ŗşşŞDzȱ –’‘ȱ ǭȱ Œ˜œ”Ž›ǰȱ ŗşşşDzȱ ‘Š—ȱ ǭȱ œŠ’ǰȱ ŘŖŖřǼȱ ‹žȱ ŒŠ›Žž•ȱ

Ž¡Š–’—Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œȱ›ŽŸŽŠ•Žȱ‘Šȱ‘Ž¢ȱ‹Ž•˜—ȱ˜ȱ’››”Š•Šȱ’—ȱ

‘ŠŸ’—ȱ‘’‘Ž›ȱŸŽ›Ž‹›Š•ȱŒ˜ž—ȱŗŜŖȬŗŜŘǯȱ’Ĵ•Žȱ’œȱ”—˜ —ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ‹’˜•˜¢ȱ

˜ȱ‘ŽȱŗŘȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱž—Ž›ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—žœǯȱȱœ’—•Žȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱ’—ȱȱ•Š‹Ž•Žȱ

ŠŽŒž•Šȱ –’œ˜•Ž—œ’œȱ ǻ’Ž—’ꮍȱ ‹¢ȱ ǯǯȱ ˜—£Š•ŽœǼȱ Œ˜••ŽŒŽȱ ‹¢ȱ ȃǯǯȱ Ȅȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ—˜›‘Ž›—ȱŽ—ȱ˜ȱŠž‹˜‘Š—ȱœ•Š—ǰȱ™’Š—ȱŠœœǰȱŠ—Š¢ȱ

ŠȱŗŖȱŠ‘˜–ȱ˜—ȱžžœȱřǰȱŗşŚŞǯȱȱ Ophichthus grandoculisȱǻŠ—˜›Ǽ

Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖŜŖDzȱ•˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ȱœžŠ›¢DzȱǯȱŠŒŠ•’˜ŠȱŠ—ȱ™Š›¢ǯ

Figure 10. The worm eel (Yirrkala misolensis) from Bago River.

ANGUILLIFORM EELS IN BAGO RIVER

99

Ž–Š›”œDZȱ‘Žȱ˜—•¢ȱ”—˜ —ȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱ’œȱ‹Ž’—ȱŸŽ›’ꮍȱŠȱ‘Žȱǯ Pisodonophis boroȱǻŠ–’•˜—ǰȱŗŞŘŘǼ

Specimens:ȱȱœ’—•Žȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱŒ˜••ŽŒŽȱ›˜–ȱŠ˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ȱ’—ȱŘŖŖşǯȱ

FAMILY MURAENIDAE (Morays)

Strophidon satheteȱŠ–’•˜—ǰȱŗŞŘŘȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŗŗǼ Specimens:ȱ ȱŗŖŖŜŗ

Remarks:ȱžŸŽ—’•ŽȱœŠ–™•Žœȱ Ž›Žȱ˜ž—ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ–ž¢ȱŽœžŠ›¢ȱ ‘’•Žȱ

‘Žȱœ’—•ŽȱŠž•ȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱ ŠœȱŒŠ™ž›Žȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ–˜ž‘ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ˜ȱ

’ŸŽ›ǯȱ Ž››Žȱ ǻŗşŘřǼȱ ›Ž™˜›Žȱ ‘’œȱ œ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ Šœȱ Evenchelys macrurus ǻ•ŽŽ”Ž›Ǽȱ›˜–ȱ•˜’•˜ǯȱ

ŒŒ˜›’—ȱ˜ȱŠȱ‹›’Žȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ‹ŠŒ”›˜ž—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ™›˜Ÿ’Žȱ

˜‘•”ŽȱǻŗşşśǼǰȱ•ŽŽ”Ž›ȱǻŗŞŜřǼȱŽ››˜—Ž˜žœ•¢ȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›Žȱ‘Šȱsatheteȱ Šœȱ

œ’–’•Š›ȱ ˜ȱbrummeriǰȱ ŽŸŽ—ȱ ‘˜ž‘ȱ Š–’•˜—ȱ Š—ȱ Œ•Ž••Š—ȱ ŠŸŽȱ

’Š—˜œ’ŒȱŒ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›œȱǻ‘Žȱ™˜œ’’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—žœǰȱ‘Žȱ—ž–‹Ž›ȱ˜ȱ˜›œŠ•Ȭȱ

Š—ȱŠ—Š•Ȭę—ȱ›Š¢œǼǯ

Figure 11. The moray eel Strophidon sathete from Bago River estuary.

A. BUCOL, C. MENES, J. LINAUGO, & J.O. PACALIOGA

100

Gymnothorax polyuranodonȱǻ•ŽŽ”Ž›ǰȱŗŞśřǼȱǻ’ž›ŽȱŗŘǼ

Specimen:ȱŗȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—ȱǻŽ–™˜›Š›’•¢ȱœ˜›Žȱ’—ȱŠȱ˜—œ˜•ŠŒ’˜—ȱ˜••ŽŽȬ

ŠŒ˜•˜ǼDzȱŒ˜••DZȱǯȱ’—Šž˜ȱŠ—ȱ™Š›¢ǯȱ

Remarks:ȱŽ››ŽȱǻŗşŘřǼȱ’—Œ•žŽȱ‘’œȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ•’œȱ˜ȱ›Š›ŽȱŽŽ•œȱ’—ȱ

‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ ŽȱŒ˜—Œž›ǯ Gymnothorax tileȱǻŠ–’•˜—ǰȱŗŞŘŘǼ

Specimens:ȱŽ—ȱŒŠž‘ȱ‹¢ȱ꜑Ž›œȱ’—ȱ›’ŸŽ›ȱ–˜ž‘œǯȱŽŒŽ—ȱœŠ–™•Žœȱ

Š›Žȱ™›ŽœŽ—•¢ȱ‹Ž’—ȱŒŠŠ•˜žŽȱŠȱ‘Žȱǯȱ Gymnothorax pictusȱǻ‘•ǰȱŗŝŞşǼ

Specimens:ȱŗŘȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œȱ’—ȱȱŒ˜••ŽŒŽȱ‹¢ȱ’••˜œ˜ȱŽȱŠ•ǯȱ’—ȱŽ‹›žŠ›¢ȱ ŗşŝśȱŠȱ˜Šœȱœ•Š—ǰȱ—’—’Ȭ¢ǰȱ—’šžŽǯȱ

Remarks:ȱ˜ž—ȱ‹•˜Œ‘ŽœȱŸ’œ’‹•Žȱ’—ȱœ™ŽŒ’–Ž—œǯȱ

Figure 12. The moray eel Gymnothorax polyuranodon.

ANGUILLIFORM EELS IN BAGO RIVER

101 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Žȱ ’œ‘ȱ˜ȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽȱ‘Žȱ˜––’œœ’˜—ȱ˜—ȱ’‘Ž›ȱžŒŠ’˜—ȱǻǼȱ˜›ȱž—’—ȱ

‘Žȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ™›˜“ŽŒȱȃ¢›˜•˜¢ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ˜ȱ’ŸŽ›ǯȄȱ›œǯȱ—Ž•ȱǯȱ•ŒŠ•Šȱ ǻ’›ŽŒ˜›ȱ˜ȱȬȱȱŠ—ȱǼȱŠ—ȱ›Ž—Œ’˜ȱǯȱŠŒ‘’ŒŠȱŠ›Žȱ‘Š—”Žȱ

˜›ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—Œ˜ž›ŠŽ–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱž’Š—ŒŽȱ‘›˜ž‘˜žȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—žŒȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœž¢ǯȱ‘Žȱ‘Ž•™ȱ

˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ¡˜—˜–’Œȱ’Ž—’ęŒŠ’˜—ȱ™›˜Ÿ’Žȱ‹¢ȱ›ǯȱŠŸ’ȱ ǯȱ–’‘ȱǻǼȱŠ—ȱ›ǯȱǯȱ ǯȱŒ˜œ”Ž›ȱǻŠ•’˜›—’ŠȱŒŠŽ–¢ȱ˜ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽœǼȱŠ›ŽȱŠ•œ˜ȱŠ™™›ŽŒ’ŠŽǯȱǯ ǯȱ–’‘ȱŠ•œ˜ȱ

™›˜Ÿ’ŽȱŠ’’˜—Š•ȱ›Ž•ŽŸŠ—ȱ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ–ŠŽ›’Š•œȱžœŽȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱœž¢ǯȱ›ǯȱǯȱ’ŸŽ›Šȱ˜ȱ

‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—ŽȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱžœŽž–ȱ’œȱŠ•œ˜ȱ‘Š—”Žȱ˜›ȱŠ••˜ ’—ȱ‘ŽȱœŽ—’˜›ȱŠž‘˜›ȱ˜ȱ

Ž¡Š–’—ŽȱŠ’’˜—Š•ȱœŠ–™•Žœǯ

REFERENCES

%OHHNHU36HSWLqPHPpPRLUHVXUODIDXQHLFKWK\RORJLTXHGHO·vOHGH7LPRU Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, 1, 262-276.

Bleeker, P. (1864). Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néerlandaises, publiés sous les auspices du gouvernement colonial néerlandais. Tome IV. Murènes, Synbranches, Leptocephales (p. 150, pls. 145-193). Amsterdam: Versl. Akad.

Böhlke, E. (1995) Notes on the Muraenid Genera Strophidon, Lycodontis, Siderea, Thyrsoidea, and Pseudechidna, with a redescription of Muraena thyrsoidea Richardson, 1845. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 146, pp. 459-466.

Böhlke, E., McCosker, J.E. & Smith, D.G. (1999). Muraenidae. In K.E. Carpenter, &

9+1LHP(GV)$2VSHFLHVLGHQWLÀFDWLRQJXLGHIRUÀVKHU\SXUSRVHV7KHOLYLQJ PDULQHUHVRXUFHVRIWKHZHVWHUQ&HQWUDO3DFLÀF%RQ\ÀVKHVSDUW/DEULGDHWR Latimeriidae) (Vol. 6, pp. 1643-1657). Rome: FAO.

%|KONH(%1RWHVRQWKHLGHQWLW\RIVPDOOEURZQXQSDWWHUQHG,QGR3DFLÀF moray eels, with descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae).

3DFLÀF6FLHQFH(4), 395–416.

%|KONH ( 6PLWK '* 7\SH FDWDORJ RI ,QGR3DFLÀF 0XUDHQLGDH Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 152, 89-172.

&DVWOH 3+- /HV OHSWRFHSKDOHV GDQV OH 3DFLÀTXH VXGRXHVW &DK O.R.S.T.O.M., ser., Oceanography, 12(4), 51-71.

Castle, P.H.J. (1968). A contribution to a revision of the moringuid eels. Special Publication Department of Ichthyology Rhodes University, South Africa (3).

Castle, P.H.J. & Böhlke, J.E. (1976). Sexual dimorphism in size and vertebral number in the Western Atlantic eel Moringua edwardsi (Anguilliformes: Moringuidae).

Bulletin of Marine Science, 26(4), 615-619.

A. BUCOL, C. MENES, J. LINAUGO, & J.O. PACALIOGA

102

Castle, P.H.J. & Smith, D.G. (1999). A reassessment of the eels of the genus

%DWK\FRQJUXVLQWKH,QGRZHVW3DFLÀFJournal of Fish Biology, 54, 973-995.

Castle, P.H.J. & McCosker, J.E. (1999). A new genus and two new species of Myrophine worm eels with comments on Muraenichthys and Scolecenchelys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 51, pp. 113- 122.

&DUXPEDQD((7KHOLPQRORJ\DQGÀVKHU\UHVRXUFHVRIWKH6LDWRQ5LYHU Negros Oriental. Unpublished report submitted to the Planning Research and Extension, Negros Oriental State University.

Chang, S-F. & Tsai (2003). Notes on the Mindoro snake eel Lamnostoma mindorum -RUGDQDQG5LFKDUGVRQ2SKLFKWKLGDH3LVFHVLQWKHZHVWHUQ3DFLÀF-RXUQDO in Chinese character) 5(2), 73-81.

Gordon, M.S. (1954). The eel genus Stilbiscus. Copeia, 11-14.

+DPLOWRQ ) $Q DFFRXQW RQ WKH ÀVKHV IRXQG LQ WKH 5LYHU *DQJHV DQG LWV branches (pp. 25-26). Edinburgh: Archibal Constable.

+DWRRND . <RVKLQR 7 7ZR UDUH RSKLFKWKLG VSHFLHV RI WKH JHQXV /DPQRVWRPD3LVFHV$QJXLOOLIRUPHVIURPWKHZHVWHUQ3DFLÀF%XOOHWLQRIWKH Osaka Museum of Natural History No. 52, pp. 21-30.

Herre, A.W.C.T. (1923) A review on the eels of the Philippine archipelago. The Philippine Journal of Science, 23(2), 123-236.

Herre, A.W.C.T. (1924) Some rare Philippine eels. The Philippine Journal of Science, 24(1), 107-111.

.RWWHODW07HFKQLFDOUHSRUWRQWKHÀVKHVIURPIUHVKDQGEUDFNLVKZDWHUVRI Leyte, Philippines. Technical Report prepared for the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and ViSCA-GTZ Ecology Program, Visayan State College of Agriculture, Philippines. Cornol, Switzerland.

McCosker, J.E. (1970) Review of Leptenchelys and Muraenichthys, with the description of a new genus, Schismorhynchus, and a new species, Muraenichthys chilensis.

Pac. Sci., 24(4), 506-516.

McCosker, J.E. & Randall, J.E. (1993). Finless snake-eels of the genus Cirricaecula (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of C. macdowelli from Taiwan. Japan Journal of Ichthyology, 40(2), 189-192.

McCosker, J.E. (1998). A revision of the snake-eel genus Callechelys (Anguilliformes:

2SKLFKWKLGDHZLWKWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIWZRQHZ,QGR3DFLÀFVSHFLHVDQGDQHZ callechelyin genus. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 50(7), 185-215.

0F&RVNHU -( 'HHSZDWHU ,QGR3DFLÀF VSHFLHV RI WKH VQDNHHHO JHQXV Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new ANGUILLIFORM EELS IN BAGO RIVER

103

species. Zootaxa 2505, 1–39.

Miller, M.J. & Tsukamoto, K. (2004). An introduction to Leptocephali: Biology and LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ. Tokyo: Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo.

Smith, D.G. (1979). Guide to the Leptocephali (Elopiformes, Anguilliformes, and Notacanthiformes). NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 424.

6PLWK '* &DWDORJ RI W\SH VSHFLPHQV RI UHFHQW ÀVKHV LQ WKH 1DWLRQDO Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 6: Anguilliformes, Saccopharyngiformes, and Notacanthiformes (Teleostei: Elopomorpha).

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Number 566. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.

Smith, D.G. & McCosker, J.E. (1999). Ophichthidae, 1662-1669. In K.E. Carpenter, &

9+1LHP(GV)$2VSHFLHVLGHQWLÀFDWLRQJXLGHIRUÀVKHU\SXUSRVHV7KHOLYLQJ PDULQHUHVRXUFHVRIWKHZHVWHUQ&HQWUDO3DFLÀF%RQ\ÀVKHVSDUW/DEULGDHWR Latimeriidae). Rome: FAO.

Smith, D.G. & Williams, J.T. (1999). The great Albatross Philippine Expedition and its ÀVKHVMarine Fisheries Review, 61(40), 31-41.

Smith, D.G. & Castle, P.H.J. (1972). The eel genus Neoconger Girard: Systematic, osteology, and life history. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22(1), 195-249.

Smith, D.G. (1999). Moringuidae: spaghetti eels. In K.E. Carpenter, & V.H. Niem (GV)$2VSHFLHVLGHQWLÀFDWLRQJXLGHIRUÀVKHU\SXUSRVHV7KHOLYLQJPDULQH UHVRXUFHV RI WKH ZHVWHUQ &HQWUDO 3DFLÀF %RQ\ ÀVKHV SDUW /DEULGDH WR Latimeriidae) (Vol. 6, pp. 1643-1657). Rome: FAO.

Smith, D.G. & Karmovskaya, E.S. (2003). A new genus and two new species of FRQJULGHHOV7HOHRVWHL$QJXLOOLIRUPHV&RQJULGDHIURPWKH,QGR:HVW3DFLÀF with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa, 343, 1-19.

7HQJ+<<6/LQ 7]HQJ&6$QHZ$QJXLOODVSHFLHVDQGDUHDQDO\VLVRI the phylogeny of freshwater eels. Zoological Studies, 48(6), 808-822.

A. BUCOL, C. MENES, J. LINAUGO, & J.O. PACALIOGA

The Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna