Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293), especially for educational, scientific and research purposes. University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environment and Natural Resources Management. It is therefore necessary for the stakeholders especially the management of the MMPL-PAMB to take note of this concern and devise management options to address the risks associated with the use of agrochemical pesticides in MMPL.
The respondents of the survey conducted in the communities of Barangay Mainit, Brooke's Point and Barangay Bunog, RizaI, all in the province of Pala\wan, for the openness and full cooperation shown during the interview and field visits;. Farming and harvesting of non-timber forest products such as almaciga resin, honey, wild fruits and other food and non-food products naturally present in the landscape are among the key livelihood activities of residents who either reside in or around the protected area. landscape. Agricultural activities revolve around shifting cultivation and cultivation of permanent plantations such as coconut, banana and other fruit trees that are part of the sedentary system.
Using this model, this study then aims to reveal, understand and explain the conditions of agrochemistry. The application of pesticides in agricultural production prevents significant direct economic losses. In the Philippines, the massive use of agrochemical pesticides was driven by the government's Green Révolution program launched in the 1960s and aimed primarily at increasing paddy production and food security in the country.
However, as previously mentioned, negative consequences of the use of agrochemical pesticides emerged, but seemed to be generally ignored or kept out of the public eye until sulfur compounds were used to control insects (Unsworth, 2010). Common use of pesticides in agriculture is mostly related to the production of fruits and vegetables on a commercial scale, as in the case of highland and cordilleran vegetable cultivation, where pesticide use is already associated with human health problems (Lu, 2010). Imuinod, Barangay Pangobilian in the East, Barangay Aribungos in the South and finally the Municipality of Quezon in the West which is part of Mt.
Bosic Démographie Profile ofthe Respondents
Spatial Distribution of Respondent Pesticide Adopters
Based on raw data collected from the Socio-Economic Assessment Monitoring System (SEAMS) conducted by the Protected Areas Management Office (PAMO), there are a total of 59 users of agrochemical pesticides in five (5) of the 36 Barangays in a total of 120,457 -hectares MMPL were recorded from a total of 2,191 counted rural residents. Such a distribution shows the extent to which agrochemical pesticides have penetrated even into the inner part of the protected landscape, which further shows.
Length (Years) of Use and Common Reasons
Another reason is the appearance of the insect rice-biack bugs, which are so voracious as to cause extremely sehous damage to the Palay crops. The early adopters of agrochemical pesticides are the lowland farmers around MMPL, who in turn learned from the government and private sector. However, as soon as the mountain farmers adopted its use, other mountain farmers influenced other farmers when they heard and/or saw the effects on their crops.
Today, the most common source of knowledge and skills is the neighbors with few learnings from seminars and radio. In fact, word of mouth combined with evidence in the field seen by non-users are potent influencers like.
Common Agrochemical Pesticides Used
The use and improper handling of pesticides can endanger both people and the environment in terms of the classification of the pesticides. The respondents' perception of the risk of pesticides to humans is generally considered to be dangerous to health. They identified four (5) main risk points and the risky behavior from the perspective. respondents, include; 1) transport of soil (breakage and spillage), 2) storage (children and other animals can accidentally touch and poison them), 3) application (safety equipment), equipment cleaning (wastewater) and waste management (empty containers).
Thus, although there may be truth in the case of the respondents about the less dangerous effect of herbicides compared to the insecticides, the fact remains that these pesticides are a threat to human health. Environmental exposure to agrochemical pesticides in MMPL includes soll, air, water. plants, animals and other microorganisms. From the perspective of the respondents, the risk to the environment includes 1) contamination of soil (eg increased soil erosion);
An important observation of one of the respondents about bees is that bees avoid or stay away from rice fields even during flowering when insecticides are sprayed. The strength of the herbicide was also compared by one respondent who said that when he used Round up with Hedonal 2,4-D Aminé, the impact reached as far as 6 meters from the point of first contact and he attributed this to the Round- Op herbicide. Weeds followed by insects are the most common problems faced by farmers in the study sites and are therefore the key drivers of agrochemicals.
Weed problem is also linked by some of the respondents to the current short-failure swid system (2 to 5 years) which is not a problem in a long-failure (15 years or more) swid system as it was long ago is not practiced. In the study site, semi- and perennial crops such as cocoa and banana farms are the crops. The state of knowledge of the respondents about possible alternatives for the use of the agrochemical pesticides does not appear to be encouraging.
Third, the spatial distribution of agrochemical users, even into the inner part of the MMPL, is affected by the weed problem in Swedish agriculture. Fourth, although the practice of safety measures when handling toxic pesticides has been noted, risky behavior endangers the health and safety of users; Fifth, some of the environmental risks are within the consciousness of the adopters; the evidence should be monitored through implementing a strategy monitoring and evaluation system.
While the actual number of agrochemical pesticide users in agriculture at this point is relatively small (3%) compared to the total number of PA users, the fact remains that the recent pattern of increasing user numbers suggests an effective impact and that it may only be a matter of time before these followed by others. In addition, the safety measures implemented by adopters seem to be insufficient to ensure the safety of people, especially the user, and threaten the ecosystem, and synthetic agrochemical pesticides are known to affect not only fauna and flora, but also surface and groundwater. Analysis of trends in pesticide types used, residues and associated factors among farmers in the largest vegetable growing area of the Philippines. a new method for characterizing and designing behavior change interventions.
