UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAÑOS College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT A & B WITH CANTILEVER IN-LINE WINGWALL OF SLEX TR-3B CONTRACT PACKAGE:
PNR UNDERPASS (STA 50+126.560)
JODIELYN SUMBELON FRANCISCO
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
OCTOBER 2009
ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT A & B WITH CANTILEVER IN-LINE WINGWALL OF SLEX TR-3B CONTRACT PACKAGE:
PNR UNDERPASS (STA 50+126.560)
JODIELYN SUMBELON FRANCISCO 2004-14613
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAÑOS
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
OCTOBER 2009
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Acceptance Sheet ii
About the Author iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Significance of the Study 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 5
1.5 Date and Place of the Study 5
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Principal Components of a Bridge Structure 6
2.1.1 Bridge Superstructures 7
2.1.2 Bridge Substructure 7
2.2 Bridge Abutment 8
2.2.1 Types of Wall Abutment 8
2.2.2 Basic Components of an Abutment 9
2.2.3 Forces on an Abutment 10
2.2.3.1 Earth Pressure 11
2.2.3.1.1 Active Earth Pressure 13 2.2.3.1.2 Passive Earth Pressure 14 2.2.3.1.3 At-rest Earth Pressure 15 2.2.3.1.4 Influence of Water 15
2.2.3.2 Surcharge Pressure 16
2.2.3.3 Seismic Loading 16
2.2.3.4 Superstructure Loads 18
2.3 Wingwalls 18
2.3.1 Types of Wingwalls 18
2.3.2 Design Considerations 19
2.4 Backfill 19
2.5 Bored Piles 20
2.5.1 Analysis of Piles 21
2.5.1.1 Driving Formulae 21
2.5.1.2 Analysis Using Soil Mechanics 22
2.5.2 Piles in cohesive soil 23
2.5.3 Piles in non-cohesive soil 24
vii
2.5.4 Pile Dynamic Test (PDA) on Bored Piles 24
2.5.5 Pile Integrity Testing (PIT) on Bored Piles 24
3. STUDY METHODOLOGY 27
4. OBSERVATIONS
4.1 Site Description 28
4.2 Sequence of Work 29
4.3 Materials and Items of Work 29
4.3.1 Backfill 29
4.3.2 Reinforcing Steel 31
4.3.3 Structural Concrete 31
4.3.4 Low Strain Integrity Testing and High Strain Test 32 for cast In-place Piles in Bored Holes
4.3.4.1 Pile Integrity Testing (PIT) on Bored Piles 33 4.3.4.2 Pile Dynamic Test (PDA) on Bored Piles 34
4.4 Construction Methodology 36
4.4.1Bored Pile Installation 36
4.4.2 Construction of Abutment and Wingwall 40
4.5 Problems Encountered 44
5. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 45
5.1 Abutment Classification 45
5.2 Backfilling Material 46
5.3 Subsurface Condition 47
5.4 Abutment Stiffness 47
5.5 Type of Seismic Analysis for the Abutment and Other Criteria 48
5.6 Seismic Active Earth Pressure on the Abutment 49
5.7 Static Active Earth Pressure on the Abutment 50
5.8 Wingwall Moments and Shears 51
5.9 Abutment Loads 53
5.10 Earthquake Load on Abutment 55
5.11 Moments and Shears 56
5.12 Analysis of Piles 58
6. CONCLUSIONS 60
7. RECOMMENDATIONS 61
REFERENCES 62
APPENDICES 64
Appendix A. Proposed Construction Work Program/ 65
Bar Chart & S-Curve
Appendix B. Laboratory Test Results for Backfill Material 66 Appendix B-1 Worksheet for Sieve Analysis- AASHTO T 27 67
viii Appendix B-2 Compaction test for MDD- AASHTO T 99/ T 180 68 Appendix B-3 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit & Plasticity Index of Soils 69
Appendix C Test Report on Reinforcing Steel Bars 70
Appendix D Laboratory Test Result for Compressive Test - Concrete 72 Appendix D-1 Compressive Test - Concrete for Bored Piles 73 Appendix D-2 Compressive test - Concrete for Abutments 76 and Wingwalls
Appendix E Pile Location Plan and Pile Installation Record 79 Appendix F Pile Location Plan and Bored Piling Record of BP-1A 82
Appendix G Final CAPWAP Result 84
Appendix H Soil Classification Chart 85
Appendix I Worksheet for Sieve Analysis, Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit 89 & Plasticity Index of Soils and Compaction Test
Appendix J Bagambang Bridge Wingwall Configuration 104 Appendix K Sample Computation for Abutment Deflection 105 Appendix L Bagambang Bridge Abutment Configuration 106 Appendix M Sample Computation for Seismic Active Earth Pressure 107
Appendix N Computation for Actual Abutment Load 108
Appendix O Sample Computation of Earthquake Load on Abutment 109
Appendix P Computation of the Actual Moment 110
Appendix Q Sample computation of the Designed Moment 111
