This thesis describes the concept of the network approach to policy transfer using the UNESCO World Book Capital Project. The efforts of many countries and international organizations led to the implementation of the campaign to create the Bangkok World Book Capital project (2013).
Research Aims
Research Questions
Theoretical Perspective and Contributions
Contribution
Methodology
Because it takes into account both internal (state, government and interorganizational) and external (globalization and transnational) transfer factors, (Sunsaneevithayakul, 2013) it has been considered the most valid approach for analyzing the policy transfer aspects of the Bangkok World Discuss Capital. Trasvin Jittidecharak Focal Person for the Bangkok World Book Capital 2013, and for the Executive Committee of the International Publishers Association (IPA).
Structure
Chairman of the Publishers and Booksellers Association of Thailand (PUBAT), which has provided significant support to the BMA in creating engagements including the Nation's Book Fair and Upcountry Book Fair, and provides leadership to the book industry in Thailand. Sophon Sudaied BMA Librarian, Senior Professional Level, who monitored and initiated the reading habit campaign and activities in accordance with the submitted proposal.
Introduction
Literature Review
Chapter 3: Contextualizing Reading Habit Encouragement Policy in Thailand
Chapter 4: World Book Capital City in Thailand: A Policy Transfer Perspective
Conclusions
Readership
This case study of policy transfer to Thailand, based on its participation in UNSECO and selection as World Book Capital (2013), will prove useful to researchers, policy makers, teachers and lecturers who intend to promote students' reading behaviour. This research also describes the development and evolution of Thai reading programs prior to Thailand's selection as World Book Capital, which may be useful for other researchers studying the details and processes involved in World Book Capital projects, from problem formulation to solution identification for comparison and adaptation in other countries.
UNDERSTANDING POLICY TRANSFER
- Defining Policy Transfer
- The Degree of Policy Transfer
- Policy Transfer as a Tool for Policy Development
- Approach to Study Policy Transfer
- Evaluating Policy Transfer
- Conceptual Framework
Initially, policy transfer is considered as an independent variable in the processes of policy convergence. The policy transfer approach provides the tools to appropriately test a process of policy development and policy change. Decisions enter the policy stream: it is the decision phase where policy transfer is the candidate to compare with other policies.
Sunsaneevithayakul (2010) stated that this should not be neglected as it is the most important indicator to meet the purpose of policy transfer.
CONTEXTUALIZING THAILAND’S READING HABIT ENCOURAGEMENT POLICY IN THAILAND
- Problems and Limitations of Promoting Reading in Thailand
- Overview of Thailand’s Reading Habit Encouragement Policy in Thailand
- The Current Situation of Reading Habits in Thailand
- Policy Transfer in Thailand
Policy 1999–2008: During this time, the Education Act 1999 was promulgated, which provided the basis for a new era in the country's educational development and the promotion of reading habits, and which directly addressed literacy and reading. In this era, Thailand created the landmark Second Decade Policy Education Reform and the Thailand Decade of Reading Conference on Reading, 2011). In addition, teacher practices should address the importance of teacher focus on their students' reading outcomes.
The Ministry of Education announced a year of encouragement for reading and learning by creating an activity where everyone "put aside all work and read everything", so that all people read every day for 1015 minutes. Policy 2009-2018: At this time, world literature was given recognition to encourage international books and authors, and especially to encourage young people to discover the joy of reading. Since 2009, the main focus of the education reform policy for 2009-2018 is the education system, with the vision of Thai people engaging in lifelong learning and the development of specific policies to promote reading.
On April 22, 2014, TK Park together with NSO organized a press conference where the results of the national literacy survey were revealed. 18.1 percent of the population are non-readers, who reported that they have nothing interesting to read. Therefore, we can conclude that the specific content of the government's reading promotion policy since 2003 has resulted in a continuous campaign of reading habits that has produced tangible results.
BANGKOK WORLD BOOK CAPITAL IN THAILAND: A POLICY TRANSFER PERSPECTVE
The Case of Bangkok World Book Capital in Thailand
The proposed activities and programs must be implemented throughout the duration of the World Book Capital. The official handover ceremony of the UNESCO World Book Capital on Tuesday, April 23, 2013, at the Maha Jesada Bodin Pavilion Plaza. World Book Capital status is being transferred to other cities – “The mission has just begun” is the code word of the BMA and its alliances.
Proposing to be the World Book Capital is a big commitment, through which Bangkok will campaign and encourage reading habits through a variety of missions. According to Jittidechrak T., “When Bangkok was awarded the title of World Book Capital, it coincided with the end of the first term of M. Sukhumbhand's upper hand for a second term, which ensured continuity in the implementation and development of the reading habit campaign.
With the restrictions of the BMA office, some institutions may not have implemented or supported the reading habit campaign. Jittidechrak T., provided information regarding the elite groups that recognized Bangkok as the World Book Capital in 2013, but noted the lack of participation and involvement of the various parties. Jittidechrak T., said that, as part of the emerging transfer network, when Bangkok was announced as the World Book Capital, the city also elected a new governor.
Sukhumbhand was elected governor of Bangkok, and he promised that even after Bangkok's term as World Book Capital ended, the city would expand the implementation of campaign policies to expand and strengthen the city's identity for the Thai people. Since becoming part of the national agenda in 2009 and the Decade of Reading began, Thai reading habits have steadily increased every year, but in 2013, when Bangkok was voted the World Book Capital.
Validation of the transfer process
As such, the World Book Capital project is also a voluntary policy transfer with no external factors forcing Bangkok's performance. The BMA is the main agent in this policy transfer case, playing the decisive role in the transfer of the World Book Capital designation to Thailand. After failing to win the honor of being World Book Capital in 2011, the BMA created an in-house expert unit to expand its network of stakeholders willing to engage with the proposal.
Furthermore, essential information about the UNESCO World Book Capital is easily found on the Internet, so the BMA has not required the assistance of other agents. Trasvin Jittidecharak is the focal point for Bangkok World Book Capital 2013 and the Executive Committee for International Publishers. In short, the results of this research show that the UNESCO World Book Capital clearly succeeded in the voluntary transfer of the policy.
The standards of operation of the World Book Capital include the stimulation and motivation of people in the reading campaign, without comparison elsewhere or external pressure. Moreover, our analysis clearly shows that the World Book Capital of Bangkok is an example of voluntary transfer arising from the recognition of domestic needs without associated external pressure. The content of the comparison table supports the claim that the nature of the book capital of the world, Bangkok, was an inspiration for policy transfer.
CONCLUSION
Answers to research questions
Chanachai, chairman of Thailand's Publishers and Book Sellers Association (PUBAT), offered Mr. Therefore, policy transfer has an important role in describing the emergence of Bangkok as the world book capital from the beginning of the process to today. In terms of key actors, the BMA transferred responsibility for the literacy campaign to the Department of Culture, Sport and Tourism, thus fulfilling UNESCO's requirement to have only one implementing agent.
Interacting during the awards period, the Department for Culture, Sport and Tourism, under the auspices of the BMA, created networks and alliances to gain commitment to follow through on the proposal. One of the Department's visions is to support services and activities including sports, music and libraries. At every step of the Department's implementation, it expressed a strong belief that the World Book Capital Award will encourage and motivate a culture of reading for Thais of all ages, thereby contributing to the improvement of learning in Thai society.
Yerevan celebrated the 500th anniversary of the printing industry to promote participation of all book industry stakeholders, NGOs and relevant author and publishing professionals. Freedom of thought, speech and publication is the main focus of the national associations that play significant roles in Yerevan World Book Capital 2012. In terms of the potential impact of the program: Buenos Aires used the campaign to make the impactful, Yerevan and Bangkok have the beginning of the project which has different focus and target group.
Further Avenue of Research
Second, it informs in great detail the policy and project process since the handover: Bangkok recognizes this project at the suggestion of PUBAT presidents, the handover process: Bangkok and 89 alliances coordinate together to create the proposal and Department of Culture. , Sports and Tourism under the auspices of the BMA that has the visions to support services and activities, including sports, music and libraries to implement campaigns and commitments, and after the transfer: the reading rate of Bangkokian is outstanding and makes progress in every year. The commitment to the reading campaign to establish Bangkok as the capital of reading will be considered successful when the Thai population reaches an average reading rate of 10-20 books per year. Finally, the voluntary transfer of policies can be used as a target to realize the transfer of implementation policies of other cities, especially the World Book Capital by UNESCO, which mentioned the 2 cities (Bunis Aires and Yerevan).
Third, although the survey met the requirements to be a World Book Capital for Bangkokians and UNESCO, its simple but powerful information is also useful for managers, researchers and BMA officers to further develop the reading project. Even though the Bangkok World Book Capital is a relatively new phenomenon in Thailand, globally, this concept has been in operation for a decade. As a tool for policy development, many academics and researchers will benefit from understanding this concept in relation to foreign policy in Thailand.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The role of policy transfer in assessing the impact of American ideas on British social policy. Retrieved from http://www.tour-bangkok-legacies.com/king-rama- .html#sthash.hvM8dg0o.dpuf. Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan030445.pdf MCOT Digital Beyond.
Policy Transfer in Critical Perspective: The Privatization of Malaysia Airline (Unpublished PhD Dissertation) University of York, United Kingdom. The role of policy transfer in assessing the impact of American ideas on British social policy.
BIOGRAPHY
