Study of Mechanical Properties and Chemical Composition of Railway Weld Joint

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ÖćøýċÖþćÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúĒúąÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂöđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕô

Study of Mechanical Properties and Chemical Composition of Railway Weld Joint

ßîĉêøćǰéĞćøÜÖĉÝ¹, ĔĀöŠǰîšĂ÷óĉìĆÖþŤ²*, üĉïčâǰêĆĚÜüēøéöîčÖĎú¹ Ēúąǰĕß÷ćǰéĞćÙĞć¹

Chanitra Dumrongkij¹, Mai Noipitak²*, Viboon Tangwarodomnukun¹ and Chaiya Dumkum¹

1 õćÙüĉßćüĉýüÖøøöĂčêÿćĀÖćøǰÙèąüĉýüÖøøöýćÿêøŤǰöĀćüĉì÷ćúĆ÷đìÙēîēú÷ĊóøąÝĂöđÖúšćíîïčøĊ 126 ëîîðøąßćĂčìĉýǰđ×êìčŠÜÙøčǰĒ×üÜïćÜöéǰÝĆÜĀüĆéÖøčÜđìóöĀćîÙøǰ10140

2 ĀîŠü÷üĉÝĆ÷üĆÿéčĒúąÖćøìéÿĂïēé÷ĕöŠìĞćúć÷ǰýĎî÷ŤïøĉÖćøìćÜÖćøýċÖþćøćßïčøĊǰöĀćüĉì÷ćúĆ÷đìÙēîēú÷ĊóøąÝĂöđÖúšćíîïčøĊ 209 êĞćïúøćÜïĆüǰĂĞćđõĂÝĂöïċÜǰÝĆÜĀüĆéøćßïčøĊ 70150

*E-mail: [email protected]

ïìÙĆé÷ŠĂ

ÜćîüĉÝĆ÷îĊĚýċÖþćĒúąđðøĊ÷ïđìĊ÷ïÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúǰĒúąÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂǰđóČęĂøąïč ÿŠüîñÿö×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉêìĊęđĀöćąÿöêŠĂÖøąïüîÖćøđßČęĂöøćÜøëĕôĔîðøąđìýĕì÷ǰēé÷üĉđÙøćąĀŤÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ

×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉêéšü÷üĉíĊüĉđÙøćąĀŤÖćøđúĊĚ÷üđïî×ĂÜøĆÜÿĊđĂĘÖàŤǰĒúąüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêčéšü÷üĉíĊüĆéÖćøéĎéÖúČîĒÿÜ

×ĂÜĂąêĂöǰēé÷ĒïŠÜßĉĚîÜćîøĂ÷đßČęĂöĂĂÖđðŨîǰ2 ÿŠüîǰÿĞćĀøĆïüĉđÙøćąĀŤĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöĒúąĀúĆÜÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîǰ ÝćÖîĆĚîîĞćßĉĚîÜćîöćìéÿĂïÙüćöĒ×ĘÜǰÙüćöêšćîìćîĒøÜéċÜǰĒúąēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙǰóïüŠćøĂ÷đßČęĂöÝćÖñÜ đìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA öĊÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜǰÙŠćÙüćöêšćîìćîĒøÜéċÜöćÖÖüŠć÷ĊęĀšĂǰB ēé÷ēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙ×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂöÙČĂǰ đôÿđóĉøŤúĕúìŤǰĒúąđôĂøŤĕøìŤǰàċęÜÝćÖÖćøìéÿĂïǰóïüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉêìĆĚÜǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂǰöĊÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúñŠćîđÖèæŤÖćø

÷ĂöøĆï×ĂÜÖćøøëĕôĒĀŠÜðøąđìýĕì÷ǰĂ÷ŠćÜĕøÖĘêćöǰĀćÖêšĂÜÖćøÜćîđßČęĂöìĊęöĊÙčèõćóéĊǰĒúąöĊÙüćöÿćöćøëĔî ÖćøđßČęĂöìĊęÿĎÜÖüŠćǰÙüøđúČĂÖñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ĒöšüŠć÷ĊęĀšĂǰB öĊøćÙćëĎÖÖüŠćǰ100 ïćìêŠĂǰ1 ÖĉēúÖøĆöǰĒêŠĂćÝöĊ ēĂÖćÿÖćøđÖĉéēóøÜĂćÖćýĔîøĂ÷đßČęĂöĕéšöćÖÖüŠć

ÙĞćÿĞćÙĆâ : ÖøąïüîÖćøđßČęĂöđìĂøŤöĉê, ēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙ, ÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖú, ÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ

Abstract

This research compared two brands of thermite powder to determine the most suitable one for use in the welding railway joint. The chemical composition of two thermite powder brands was determined using X-Ray Diffraction and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. After welding, the specimen joint was cut in half, and one half underwent stress relief treatment while the other was characterized as it was. Hardness, tensile test and metallurgical structures were observed. The results showed that the thermite powder type A provides a harder weld

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and greater tensile strength than type B. This analysis showed that perlite and ferrite phases were found in both samples. Overall, our results showed that both thermite powder brands provide mechanical properties, microstructure and chemical composition within the acceptable range of the State Railway of Thailand. The thermite powder brand A was, however, able to provide higher quality and better welding ability than brand B which caused more porosity and cavitation in the weld than brand A. Brand B is 100 baht per kilogram cheaper than A.

Keywords : Thermit Welding, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Chemical Composition

1. ïìîĞć

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×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂööĊÙüćöĀ÷ćïÖüŠćǰìĞćĔĀšïøĉđüèøĂ÷

đßČęĂööĊÙüćöđðøćąöćÖÖüŠćïøĉđüèēúĀąåćî×ĂÜ đĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôǰàċęÜÖćøìéúĂÜîĊĚĕéšìéÿĂïđóĊ÷ÜĒÙŠ ÿöïĆêĉÙüćöĒ×ĘÜǰĒêŠĕöŠĕéšìéúĂÜÿöïĆêĉ×ĂÜēúĀąĔî éšćîĂČęîėǰìĞćĔĀšñúìĊęĂĂÖöć÷ĆÜĕöŠÿćöćøëðøĆïðøčÜǰ

(3)

ĀøČĂóĆçîćđÖĊę÷üÖĆïÖćøđßČęĂöøćÜøëĕôĕéšĂ÷ŠćÜ ÿöïĎøèŤ

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×šĂöĎúóČĚîåćîĔĀšñĎšìĊęÿîĔÝǰîĞćĕðýċÖþćêŠĂ÷ĂéĔĀšđÖĉé ðøąē÷ßîŤÿĎÜÿčéǰđóČęĂðøĆïðøčÜóĆçîćÿŠüîñÿö×ĂÜñÜ đìĂøŤöĉêĔĀšöĊðøąÿĉìíĉõćóǰĒúąđĀöćąÿöÖĆïÖćøĔßš Üćî×ĂÜðøąđìýĕì÷

2. üĆÿéčǰĂčðÖøèŤĒúąüĉíĊÖćøüĉÝĆ÷

ÜćîüĉÝĆ÷îĊĚĔßšñÜđìĂøŤöĉêìĊęöĊ×ć÷ĔîìšĂÜêúćéǰ 2 ÷ĊęĀšĂ ÙČĂǰA ĒúąǰB đêøĊ÷öđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôßîĉé đéĊ÷üÖĆïìĊęÖćøøëĕôĒĀŠÜðøąđìýĕì÷ĔßšÙČĂǰBS100 (îĚĞćĀîĆÖǰ100 ðĂîéŤ/1 Āúć) ÝćÖîĆĚîđßČęĂöđĀúĘÖøćÜ øëĕôéšü÷ÖøąïüîÖćøđßČęĂöđìĂøŤöĉêǰēé÷ĔßšñÜđìĂøŤ öĉêǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂǰēé÷öĊøć÷úąđĂĊ÷éÖćøüĉÝĆ÷éĆÜîĊĚ

2.1 ÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤÿŠüîñÿöĒúąðøĉöćèíćêč×ĂÜñÜ đìĂøŤöĉêǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂ

ÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊĒúąēÙøÜÿøšćÜ đôÿ×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉêĔßšđìÙîĉÙÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤÖćøđúĊĚ÷ü đïî×ĂÜøĆÜÿĊđĂÖàŤǰ(X-ray Diffraction) ēé÷ÖćøĒ÷Ö ÿćøñÿöĔîñÜđìĂøŤöĉêìĊęöĊúĆÖþèąìćÜÖć÷õćó ĒêÖêŠćÜÖĆî đßŠîǰúĆÖþèąđÖøĘéǰĒúąúĆÖþèąñÜǰĒúšü îĞćĕðüĉđÙøćąĀŤǰÝćÖîĆĚîîĞć×šĂöĎúøĎðĒïïÖćøđúĊĚ÷üđïî

×ĂÜøĆÜÿĊđĂĘÖàŤǰ(XRD pattern) öćđìĊ÷ïÖĆï×šĂöĎú öćêøåćîìĊęìĞćÖćøêøüÝüĆéēé÷ĂÜÙŤÖø JCPDs (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard) ĒúąîĞćñÜđìĂøŤöĉêĕðüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêčéšü÷üĉíĊüĆé ÖćøéĎéÖúČîĒÿÜ×ĂÜĂąêĂöǰ(Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) ēé÷ìĞćÖćø÷ŠĂ÷ÿúć÷ñÜ đìĂøŤöĉêǰđóČęĂĔĀšĂ÷ĎŠĔîÿëćîą×ĂÜÿćøúąúć÷ǰéšü÷

đÙøČęĂÜ÷ŠĂ÷ÿúć÷ĒúąÿÖĆéÿćøêĆüĂ÷ŠćÜǰ(Microwave digestion) đóČęĂĔĀšÿćöćøëüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêčĔî øĎðĒïï×ĂÜÿćøúąúć÷ĕéšǰ[4, 5]

ÝćÖîĆĚîüĉđÙøćąĀŤĀćíćêčìĊęđðŨîÿŠüîñÿöìćÜ đÙöĊ×ĂÜđîČĚĂēúĀąìĊęĕéšÝćÖÖćøĀúĂöđĀúüñÜđìĂøŤöĉê ïøĉđüèøĎúšîÝćÖÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷üĉíĊÿđðÖēìøÿēÙðŘǰ (Spectroscopy) àċęÜüĉíĊîĊĚöĊ×šĂÝĞćÖĆéÙČĂĕöŠÿćöćøë üĉđÙøćąĀŤêĆüĂ÷ŠćÜìĊęöĊúĆÖþèąđðŨîñÜĕéšǰēé÷Öćø üĉđÙøćąĀŤĀćíćêčÝćÖïøĉđüèøĎúšîìĞćĔĀšìøćïÿŠüîñÿö ìćÜđÙöĊ×ĂÜđîČĚĂēúĀąđßČęĂöǰđóČęĂĔßšđðŨî×šĂöĎúĔîÖćø đúČĂÖüĉđÙøćąĀŤĀćðøĉöćèíćêč×ĂÜđîČĚĂēúĀąđßČęĂöéšü÷

üĉíĊÖćøüĆéÖćøéĎéÖúČîĒÿÜ×ĂÜĂąêĂöàċęÜđðŨîüĉíĊìĊę ÿćöćøëüĉđÙøćąĀŤêĆüĂ÷ŠćÜìĊęöĊúĆÖþèąđðŨîñÜĕéš ēé÷

ÖćøêĆéđîČĚĂēúĀąđßČęĂöïćÜÿŠüîöćìĞćÖćø÷ŠĂ÷ÿúć÷

éšü÷đÙøČęĂÜ÷ŠĂ÷ÿúć÷ĒúąÿÖĆéÿćøêĆüĂ÷ŠćÜǰđóČęĂìĞćĔĀš Ă÷ĎŠĔîúĆÖþèą×ĂÜÿćøúąúć÷

(4)

2.2 ÖćøđêøĊ÷ößĉĚîÜćîđßČęĂöĒúąßĉĚîÜćîìéÿĂï ÜćîüĉÝĆ÷îĊĚĔßšđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôìĊęÖćøøëĕôĒĀŠÜ ðøąđìýĕì÷ĔßšĂ÷ĎŠĔîðŦÝÝčïĆîÙČĂǰBS100 ìĞćÖćø

ìéÿĂïÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊéšü÷üĉíĊÿđðÖēìøÿēÙðŘēé÷öĊ ÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊĒÿéÜéĆÜêćøćÜìĊęǰ1

êćøćÜìĊęǰ1 ÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ×ĂÜđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôǰBS100 Rail

steel

%Chemical Composition

C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni Al Cu Fe Avg. 0.720 0.860 0.230 - 0.010 0.040 0.001 0.022 - 0.009 97.980

ÝćÖêćøćÜìĊęǰ1 óïüŠćǰêøüÝĕöŠóïôĂÿôĂøĆÿǰ (P) ĒúąĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öǰ(Al) ĒúąđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôéĆÜÖúŠćü îĆĚîđðŨîĕðêćööćêøåćî×ĂÜđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôǰBS100 ĒúąöĊÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊđðŨîĕðêćööćêøåćîǰUIC 860 đÖøé 900 A ÝćÖîĆĚîđêøĊ÷ößĉĚîÜćîÿĞćĀøĆï ÖøąïüîÖćøđßČęĂöđìĂøŤöĉêǰēé÷ĔßšđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕô÷ćü ìŠĂîúąðøąöćèǰ1 đöêøǰüćÜïîĀöĂîøćÜøëĕôǰđüšî øą÷ąøĂ÷êŠĂðøąöćèǰ25 öĉúúĉđöêøǰĒúąđñČęĂøą÷ąøĆĚÜ ÖúĆïĕüšìĊęǰ15 öĉúúĉđöêøǰéĆÜøĎðìĊęǰ1 ĒúąøĎðìĊę 2 đßČęĂö

ßĉĚîÜćîēé÷ĔßšñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰÙČĂǰA ĒúąǰB ÝćÖîĆĚî đêøĊ÷ößĉĚîÜćîìéÿĂïēé÷êĆéđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôĔĀšøĂ÷

đßČęĂöĂ÷ĎŠïøĉđüèÖċęÜÖúćÜĔĀšßĉĚîÜćîöĊÙüćö÷ćüǰ240 öĉúúĉđöêøǰéĆÜøĎðìĊęǰ3 ēé÷ĒïŠÜßĉĚîÜćîìéÿĂïĂĂÖđðŨîǰ 2 ÿŠüîǰÿŠüîìĊęǰ1 îĞćĕðìéÿĂïēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙĒúą ÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúēé÷ĕöŠñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćø đßČęĂö (As-welded) ÿŠüîìĊęǰ2 îĞćĕðĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜ ÖćøđßČęĂö (Post weld heat treatment) ÝćÖîĆĚî îĞćĕðìéÿĂïēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙĒúąÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúǰ

øĎðìĊęǰ1 Öćøđüšîøą÷ąĀŠćÜ×ĂÜøĂ÷êŠĂđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕô øĎðìĊęǰ2 ÖćøêĆĚÜøą÷ąđñČęĂÖćøøĆĚÜêĆüÖúĆï×ĂÜđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕô

ĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöìĊęĂčèĀõĎöĉǰ600 - 650 °C [6] àċęÜøą÷ąđüúćĔîÖćøĂï×ċĚîĂ÷ĎŠÖĆïÙüćöĀîć

×ĂÜßĉĚîÜćîǰēé÷ÙüćöĀîćǰ1 îĉĚüǰĔßšđüúćĔîÖćøĂïǰ1 ßĆęüēöÜǰĒúąìĞćÖćøìéÿĂïÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúìĆĚÜǰ3 êĞćĒĀîŠÜ

ĕéšĒÖŠǰĀĆüøćÜøëĕôǰ(Head) đĂüøćÜøëĕôǰ(Web) Ēúą åćîøćÜøëĕô (Base) ĒêŠÖćøìéÿĂïēÙøÜÿøšćÜ ÝčúõćÙîĆĚîìĞćÖćøìéÿĂïđóĊ÷Üǰ2 êĞćĒĀîŠÜǰÙČĂǰđĂü øćÜøëĕôǰĒúąåćîøćÜøëĕô

(5)

øĎðìĊęǰ3 ×îćé×ĂÜßĉĚîÜćîìéÿĂï

2.3 ÖćøìéÿĂïēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙ

ÖćøìéÿĂïēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙ×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂö đĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ÖøąïüîÖćøđßČęĂö đìĂøŤöĉêǰđðŨîÖćøìéÿĂïßĉĚîÜćîìĊęêĞćĒĀîŠÜđĂüøćÜ øëĕôĒúąåćîøćÜøëĕôǰĔßšÖøéǰNital 4% ĔîÖćøÖĆé đóČęĂéĎēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙǰìĊęÖĞćúĆÜ×÷ć÷ǰ100 đìŠćǰĔî ïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂöǰ(Weld metal) ĒúąïøĉđüèìĊęĕéšøĆï ñúÖøąìïÝćÖÙüćöøšĂîǰ(HAZ) ēé÷êšĂÜĕöŠóïēÙøÜÿøšćÜ đïîĕîìŤǰ(Bainite) ĀøČĂöćøŤđìîĕàêŤǰ(Martensite) àċęÜĂšćÜĂĉÜÝćÖöćêøåćîǰEN 14587-2:2009 (E) [7]

ĒúąđðøĊ÷ïđìĊ÷ïēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙ×ĂÜđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕô ìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ĒúąǰB ìĆĚÜìĊęĕöŠ ñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöĒúąñŠćîÖćøĔĀš ÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂö

2.4 ÖćøìéÿĂïÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖú 2.4.1 ÖćøìéÿĂïÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ

ÖćøìéÿĂïÙüćöĒ×ĘÜǰ(Hardness test) ēé÷

ĔßšÖćøüĆéÙüćöĒ×ĘÜĒïïüĉÖđÖĂøŤǰĔßšĀĆüÖéđóßøøĎð ðŗøąöĉéåćîÿĊęđĀúĊę÷öǰĒúąĔßšēĀúé×îćéǰ30 ÖĉēúÖøĆöǰ

êćööćêøåćîǰEN ISO 6507-1 [7] ÖéúÜïîïøĉđüè õćóêĆé×üćÜ×ĂÜßĉĚîÜćîìéÿĂïǰìĞćÖćøìéúĂÜìĆĚÜǰ3 êĞćĒĀîŠÜǰĕéšĒÖŠǰĀĆüøćÜøëĕôǰđĂüøćÜøëĕôǰĒúąåćî øćÜøëĕôǰàċęÜìĆĚÜǰ3 ÿŠüîÝąìĞćÖćøüĆéđðøĊ÷ïđìĊ÷ïÖĆî øąĀüŠćÜßĉĚîÜćîìĊęĕöŠñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćø đßČęĂöǰĒúąñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöǰđðŨî øą÷ąìĆĚÜĀöéǰ200 öĉúúĉđöêøǰēé÷üĆéÝćÖÖċęÜÖúćÜøĂ÷

đßČęĂöĂĂÖĕð×šćÜúąǰ100 öĉúúĉđöêøǰĒúąöĊøą÷ąĀŠćÜ

×ĂÜÝčéÖéüĆéÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜĂ÷ĎŠìĊęǰ2 öĉúúĉđöêøǰéĆÜøĎðìĊęǰ 4

øĎðìĊęǰ4 ïøĉđüèìĊęìĞćÖćøüĆéÙüćöĒ×ĘÜǰ[8]

2.4.2 ÖćøìéÿĂïÙüćöêšćîĒøÜéċÜ

ÖćøìéÿĂïÙüćöêšćîĒøÜéċÜǰ(Tensile test) ĂšćÜĂĉÜÝćÖöćêøåćîǰUIC 860-0 êĆéĒïŠÜßĉĚîÜćîìĊę êĞćĒĀîŠÜĀĆüøćÜøëĕôǰēé÷ìéÿĂïĒøÜéċÜÝîÖøąìĆęÜ ßĉĚîÜćî×ćéĂĂÖÝćÖÖĆî ÝćÖîĆĚîđðøĊ÷ïđìĊ÷ïñúÖćø ìéúĂÜøąĀüŠćÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂ A Ēúą÷ĊęĀšĂǰB ìĆĚÜìĊę ĕöŠñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöǰĒúąñŠćîÖćø ĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂö

Head Web Base

(6)

3. ñúÖćøüĉÝĆ÷

3.1 ñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤßîĉéĒúąðøĉöćè×ĂÜíćêčñÜ đìĂøŤöĉêǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂ

ÝćÖÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤÿŠüîñÿö×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰ2

÷ĊęĀšĂǰéšü÷ǰ3 üĉíĊÙČĂǰÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤíćêčñÿöéšü÷üĉíĊÖćø đúĊĚ÷üđïî×ĂÜøĆÜÿĊđĂÖàŤǰüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêčñÿö éšü÷üĉíĊÿđðÖēìøÿēÙðŘǰ(ÝćÖđîČĚĂēúĀąìĊęĕéšÝćÖÖćø ĀúĂöúąúć÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê) ĒúąüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêč éšü÷üĉíĊÖćøéĎéÖúČîĒÿÜ×ĂÜĂąêĂö

3.1.1 ñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤíćêčñÿöĔîñÜđìĂøŤ öĉêéšü÷üĉíĊÖćøđúĊĚ÷üđïî×ĂÜøĆÜÿĊđĂĘÖàŤ (X-ray Diffraction)

ÝćÖÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤēÙøÜÿøšćÜđôÿ×ĂÜÿćøñÿöǰ (Mixtures) ĔîñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ĒúąǰB ēé÷öĊ êĆüĂ÷ŠćÜñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤéĆÜøĎðìĊęǰ5 ÿĞćĀøĆïñÜđìĂøŤöĉê

÷ĊęĀšĂǰA óïüŠćðøąÖĂïéšü÷ǰÿćøðøąÖĂïĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷ö-

đĀúĘÖ (AlFe3) đĀúĘÖ (Fe) ĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷ö ĒúąÿćøðøąÖĂï đĀúĘÖĂĂÖĕàéŤ (Fe2O3) ÿŠüîñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤēÙøÜÿøšćÜ đôÿ×ĂÜÿćøñÿöñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB óïüŠćöĊĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öǰ ēúĀąñÿöđĀúĘÖ-îĉÖđÖĉú (Fe-Ni) ÙćøŤïĂîǰ(C) ÿćøðøąÖĂï×ĂÜđĀúĘÖĂĂÖĕàéŤǰ(Mg0.40Cu0.10Zn0.50

Fe2O4) ĒúąđĀúĘÖǰñÜđìĂøŤöĉêìĆĚÜÿĂÜ÷ĊęĀšĂöĊēÙøÜÿøšćÜ đôÿ×ĂÜÿćøñÿöìĊęĒêÖêŠćÜÖĆîǰĒúąÝćÖñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤ óïüŠćöĊēúĀąĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öđðŨîÿŠüîñÿöÿĞćÙĆâĔîñÜđìĂøŤ öĉêìĆĚÜÿĂÜßîĉéǰđîČęĂÜÝćÖĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öǰëĎÖĔßšđðŨîêĆü øĊéĉüàŤĔîÖćøđÖĉéðäĉÖĉøĉ÷ćđìĂøŤöĉêǰàċęÜđðúĊę÷îÿćø ðøąÖĂïđĀúĘÖĂĂÖĕàéŤĔĀšđðŨîđîČĚĂđßČęĂöđĀúĘÖĔî ÖøąïüîÖćøđßČęĂöđìĂøŤöĉêǰîĂÖÝćÖîĆĚîĒúšüǰ ēÙøÜÿøšćÜđôÿìĊęĒêÖêŠćÜÖĆî×ĂÜ×ĂÜñÿöĔîñÜđìĂøŤ öĉêìĆĚÜÿĂÜßîĉéǰĂćÝÿŠÜñúĔĀšðøĉöćèđîČĚĂđßČęĂöđĀúĘÖ ÝćÖÖćøĔßšñÜđìĂøŤöĉêìĆĚÜÿĂÜöĊÙüćöĒêÖêŠćÜÖĆî

øĎðìĊęǰ5 êĆüĂ÷ŠćÜüĉđÙøćąĀŤēÙøÜÿøšćÜđôÿ×ĂÜÿćøñÿöĔîñÜđìĂøŤöĉêéšü÷üĉíĊÖćøđúĊĚ÷üđïî×ĂÜøĆÜÿĊđĂĘÖàŤ

Ö) ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ×) ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB

êćøćÜìĊęǰ2 ÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ×ĂÜøĎúšîÝćÖÖćøđßČęĂö×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ĒúąǰB

÷ĊęĀšĂ %Chemical Composition

C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni Al Cu V Fe A 0.530 1.120 0.570 0.030 0.007 0.150 0.030 0.060 0.240 0.040 0.100 97.030 B 0.560 0.620 0.270 0.050 0.207 0.020 0.150 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 97.980

Ö) ×)

(7)

3.1.2 ñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ

×ĂÜđîČĚĂēúĀąìĊęĕéšÝćÖÖćøĀúĂöđĀúüñÜđìĂøŤöĉê ïøĉđüèøĎúšîéšü÷üĉíĊÿđðÖēìøÿēÙðŘ

ÝćÖÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ×ĂÜđîČĚĂ ēúĀąìĊęĕéšÝćÖÖćøĀúĂöđĀúüñÜđìĂøŤöĉêïøĉđüèøĎúšîǰ ēé÷ĔßšñÜđìĂøŤöĉê 2 ÷ĊęĀšĂǰéšü÷üĉíĊÿđðÖēìøÿēÙðŘǰ óïüŠćöĊÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊǰéĆÜêćøćÜìĊęǰ2 àċęÜĔîđĀúĘÖ øćÜøëĕôĕöŠóïíćêčôĂÿôĂøĆÿ ĒúąĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öǰĒêŠ ÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊìĊęĕéšÝćÖøĂ÷đßČęĂöîĆĚîêøüÝóïíćêč ôĂÿôĂøĆÿ ĒúąĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öǰĒúąöĊðøĉöćè×ĂÜíćêč àĆúđôĂøŤǰ(S) ĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öǰĒúąüćđîđéĊ÷öǰ(V) ìĊęĒêÖêŠćÜ ÖĆî

àċęÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB ĔĀšÖćøđêĉöđîČĚĂēúĀą đßČęĂöìĊęéĊÖüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA đîČęĂÜÝćÖöĊðøĉöćè đĀúĘÖöćÖÖüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA Ă÷ĎŠđúĘÖîšĂ÷ǰĒúąñÜ

đìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA öĊðøĉöćè×ĂÜēÙøđöĊ÷öǰ(Cr) Ēúą üćđîđéĊ÷ööćÖÖüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB àċęÜíćêč ēÙøđöĊ÷ö ßŠü÷đóĉęöÙüćöêšćîìćîĒøÜéċÜǰÿŠüîíćêč üćđîđéĊ÷öǰßŠü÷ĔĀšđÖøîöĊÙüćöúąđĂĊ÷éöćÖ×ċĚîǰÿŠÜñú ĔĀšöĊÙüćöĒ×ĘÜđóĉęööćÖ×ċĚîǰĔî×èąđéĊ÷üÖĆîñÜđìĂøŤöĉê

÷ĊęĀšĂǰB öĊðøĉöćèàĆúđôĂøŤĂ÷ĎŠÿĎÜǰàċęÜđðŨîÿćøöúìĉî ÿŠÜñúêŠĂÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖú×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂöĔĀšöĊÙčèõćóĒ÷Šǰ ìĞćĔĀšßĉĚîÜćîđðøćąĒúąĀĆÖÜŠć÷

3.1.3 ñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêčñÿö éšü÷üĉíĊÖćøüĆéÖćøéĎéÖúČîĒÿÜ×ĂÜĂąêĂö

ÝćÖÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤÿŠüîñÿöìćÜđÙöĊ×ĂÜñÜ đìĂøŤöĉêǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂǰéšü÷üĉíĊÖćøüĆéÖćøéĎéÖúČîĒÿÜ×ĂÜ ĂąêĂöǰóïüŠćöĊðøĉöćèíćêčñÿöĔîñÜđìĂøŤöĉêĒúą ðøĉöćèíćêčñÿöĔîøĂ÷đßČęĂöìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷

ÖøąïüîÖćøđßČęĂöđìĂøŤöĉêéĆÜøĎðìĊęǰ7 ĒúąøĎðìĊęǰ8

øĎðìĊęǰ7 wt% ×ĂÜðøĉöćèíćêčìĊęĂ÷ĎŠĔîñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂ A ĒúąǰB

62.520

0.780 0.320 0.280 0.029 0.009 4.100

64.830

1.080 0.250 0.300 0.006 0.003 4.380

0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000

Fe Al Cr Mn Ni Zn Si

wt%

Á°¦r¤·$ Á°¦r¤·%

(8)

øĎðìĊęǰ8 wt% ×ĂÜðøĉöćèíćêčìĊęĂ÷ĎŠĔîøĂ÷đßČęĂöìĊęĔßšñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ĒúąǰB

đöČęĂüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêčǰóïüŠćĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂö ðøĉöćèíćêč×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA öĊǰđĀúĘÖǰēÙøđöĊ÷öǰ ĒöÜÖćîĊÿǰ(Mn) îĉÖđÖĉúǰ(Ni) ĒúąàĉúĉÖĂîǰ(Si) ìĊęĂ÷ĎŠ ĔîøĂ÷đßČęĂöđóĉęö×ċĚî ĒúąöĊðøĉöćèíćêčĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öǰ ĒúąÿĆÜÖąÿĊǰ(Zn) ĔîøĂ÷đßČęĂöúéúÜǰÿŠüîðøĉöćè×ĂÜ ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂ B đöČęĂìĞćÖćøđßČęĂöĒúšüóïüŠćöĊ ðøĉöćèíćêčđĀúĘÖǰēÙøđöĊ÷öǰĒúąàĉúĉÖĂîǰìĊęĂ÷ĎŠĔîøĂ÷

đßČęĂöđóĉęööćÖ×ċĚî ĒêŠöĊðøĉöćèíćêčĂúĎöĉđîĊ÷öǰ ĒöÜÖćîĊÿǰĒúąîĉÖđÖĉúǰúéúÜǰĒúąöĊðøĉöćèíćêč ÿĆÜÖąÿĊđìŠćđéĉöǰĒÿéÜüŠćðøĉöćèíćêčìĊęđóĉęö×ċĚîđÖĉéÝćÖ ÖćøĒóøŠđ×šćöć×ĂÜíćêčìĊęĂ÷ĎŠĔîđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôǰÿŠüî ÿćđĀêčìĊęìĞćÖćøđßČęĂöĒúšüìĞćĔĀšðøĉöćè×ĂÜíćêčúéúÜǰ đîČęĂÜÝćÖíćêčøüöêĆüÖĆïÿćøöúìĉîđðŨîêąÖøĆîúĂ÷×ċĚî ÿĎŠïøĉđüèđĀîČĂĒîüđßČęĂö

ÝćÖÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêčéšü÷üĉíĊêŠćÜėǰ óïüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA öĊðøĉöćèíćêčēÙøđöĊ÷öǰĒúą üćđîđéĊ÷öǰöćÖüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB ÿŠÜñúĔĀšøĂ÷

đßČęĂöìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA öĊÙüćö

êšćîìćîĒøÜéċÜǰĒúąöĊđÖøîìĊęúąđĂĊ÷éöćÖÖüŠćǰÿŠüî ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB öĊðøĉöćèíćêčàĉúĉÖĂîöćÖÖüŠćñÜ đìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ÙŠĂî×šćÜÿĎÜǰĀćÖïøĉđüèēúĀąåćîöĊ ðøĉöćèàĉúĉÖĂîöćÖìĞćĔĀšöĊđÖøîìĊęĀ÷ćïǰ[9] àċęÜđöČęĂéĎ ÝćÖñúÖćøìéúĂÜǰđÖøî×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂöñÜđìĂøŤöĉê

÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ìĊęöĊÙüćöúąđĂĊ÷éǰÿŠÜñúĔĀšÙüćöĒ×ĘÜÿĎÜÖüŠć øĂ÷đßČęĂöìĊęđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB

3.2 ñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙ×ĂÜøĂ÷

đßČęĂöÝćÖñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂ

ßĉĚîÜćîìéÿĂïìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤ öĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA Ēúą÷ĊęĀšĂǰB öĊēÙøÜÿøšćÜđóĉøŤúĕúìŤđðŨîÿŠüî ĔĀâŠǰĒúąöĊēÙøÜÿøšćÜđðŨîđôĂøŤĕøìŤĂ÷ĎŠêćö×ĂïđÖøîǰ éĆÜøĎðìĊęǰ9 đîČęĂÜÝćÖöĊĂĆêøćÖćøđ÷ĘîêĆüêęĞćǰ[6] àċęÜđðŨî ñúöćÝćÖÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîÖŠĂîđßČęĂöìĊęÙŠĂî×šćÜîćîǰ ìĞćĔĀšđÖĉéÖćøĒ×ĘÜêĆüÖŠĂîìĊęÝąđðŨîēÙøÜÿøšćÜđïîĕîìŤ ĒúąöćøŤđìîĕàêŤ ēé÷ēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙïøĉđüèøĂ÷

đßČęĂöǰĒúąïøĉđüèìĊęĕéšøĆïñúÖøąìïÝćÖÙüćöøšĂî

88.720

0.170 0.610 0.350 0.050 0.002 6.390

82.530

0.730 0.360 0.220 0.005 0.003

9.570 0.000

20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000

Fe Al Cr Mn Ni Zn Si

wt%

¦°¥ÁºÉ°¤$ ¦°¥ÁºÉ°¤%

(9)

×ĂÜßĉĚîÜćîìéÿĂïìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉêìĆĚÜ

÷ĊęĀšĂǰA Ēúą÷ĊęĀšĂǰB îĆĚîĕöŠóïēÙøÜÿøšćÜđïîĕîìŤǰĀøČĂ öćøŤđìîĕàêŤìĊęÖĞćúĆÜ×÷ć÷ǰ100 đìŠćǰàċęÜđðŨîĕðêćö öćêøåćîǰEN 14587-2:2009 (E) [7] ìĊęĕéšÖĞćĀîéĕüšǰ ēé÷ßĉĚîÜćîìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA îĆĚî öĊđÖøîìĊęúąđĂĊ÷éÖüŠćßĉĚîÜćîìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜ đìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB ĂĊÖìĆĚÜ÷ĆÜöĊđôĂøŤĕøìŤêćö×ĂïđÖøîìĊę îšĂ÷ÖüŠćàċęÜđðŨîñúĔĀšßĉĚîÜćîìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜ đìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA öĊÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜìĊęöćÖÖüŠćǰĒúąđöČęĂ üĉđÙøćąĀŤēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙøŠüöÖĆïÿŠüîñÿöĔîñÜ đìĂøŤöĉêǰóïüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA îĆĚîöĊðøĉöćè àĉúĉÖĂîìĊęêęĞćÖüŠćǰÿŠÜñúĔĀšßĉĚîÜćîìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷

ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB öĊđÖøîìĊęĀ÷ćïĒúąöĊÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ îšĂ÷ÖüŠć

ÿĞćĀøĆïÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöìĊę ĂčèĀõĎöĉǰ650 °C îĆĚîöĊÿööêĉåćîöćÝćÖÖćøÙćéüŠć ïøĉđüèìĊęĕéšøĆïñúÖøąìïÝćÖÙüćöøšĂîöĊēÙøÜÿøšćÜ

đðŨîöćøŤđìîĕàêŤǰĒêŠÝćÖÖćøìéúĂÜóïüŠćēÙøÜÿøšćÜ ÝčúõćÙĕöŠöĊÖćøđðúĊę÷îĒðúÜđîČęĂÜÝćÖïøĉđüèìĊęĕéšøĆï ñúÖøąìïÝćÖÙüćöøšĂîĕöŠĕéšöĊēÙøÜÿøšćÜđðŨî öćøŤđìîĕàêŤĒêŠöĊēÙøÜÿøšćÜđðŨîđóĉøŤúĕúìŤðÖêĉǰÖćøĔĀš ÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöîĆĚîĕöŠöĊñúêŠĂēÙøÜÿøšćÜ ÝčúõćÙ×ĂÜđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜ đìĂøŤöĉêìĆĚÜ÷ĊęĀšĂǰA Ēúą B ĒêŠÿŠÜñúêŠĂÙüćöđÙšî õć÷ĔîßĉĚîÜćîìĊęúéúÜēé÷éĎĕéšÝćÖÙüćöĒ×ĘÜìĊęúéúÜ ēé÷ĔîïøĉđüèēúĀąåćîĒúąïøĉđüèìĊęĕéšøĆïñúÖøąìï ìćÜÙüćöøšĂîöĊÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜìĊęĔÖúšđÙĊ÷ÜÖĆîĒêŠĔî ïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂö×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA öĊÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ öćÖÖüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB đúĘÖîšĂ÷ǰéĆÜîĆĚîÖćøĔĀš ÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöÝċÜđóĊ÷ÜßŠü÷ĔĀšēÙøÜÿøšćÜöĊ øć÷úąđĂĊ÷éĒúąÙüćößĆéđÝîìĊęöćÖ×ċĚîǰēé÷öĊđÖøîìĊę ĔĀâŠĒúąĀ÷ćïöćÖ×ċĚîđóĊ÷ÜđúĘÖîšĂ÷ǰàċęÜÿĆöóĆîíŤÖĆï ÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜìĊęöĊÙŠćúéúÜìĊęüĆéĕéšĀúĆÜÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂî ĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂö

øĎðìĊęǰ9 ēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙìĊę×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉêïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂöìĊęÖĞćúĆÜ×÷ć÷ǰ100 đìŠć Ö) ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ×) ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB

3.3 ñúÖćøìéÿĂïìćÜÖú

3.3.1 ÖćøìéÿĂïüĆéÙüćöĒ×ĘÜüĉÖđÖĂøŤǰ (Vickers hardness test)

ÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜìĆĚÜǰ3 ÿŠüî×ĂÜøćÜøëĕôÙČĂÿŠüî ĀĆüøćÜøëĕôǰđĂüøćÜøëĕôǰĒúąåćîøćÜøëĕôǰìĊęñŠćî

ÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA óïüŠćïøĉđüèìĊęĕéšøĆï ñúÖøąìïÝćÖÙüćöøšĂîöĊÙüćöĒ×ĘÜöćÖÖüŠćïøĉđüè øĂ÷đßČęĂöĒúąēúĀąåćîǰĒúąđöČęĂñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćö øšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöÝąÿŠÜñúĔĀšÙüćöĒ×ĘÜìĆĚÜǰ3 ÿŠüîúé úÜǰìĊęđðŨîđßŠîîĊĚđîČęĂÜÝćÖÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćø

Ö) ×)

(10)

đßČęĂöÿŠÜñúĔĀšÙüćöđÙšîêÖÙšćÜõć÷ĔîßĉĚîÜćîëĎÖ×ÝĆé ĂĂÖĕðǰĒúąÝćÖöćêøåćîǰEN ISO 6507-1 [7] ìĊę ÖćøøëĕôĒĀŠÜðøąđìýĕì÷ĔßšǰöĊ×šĂÖĞćĀîéüŠćÙüćö Ē×ĘÜ×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂöÖĆïēúĀąåćîêšĂÜêŠćÜÖĆîĕöŠđÖĉîǰ30 đðĂøŤđàĘîêŤǰ

ēé÷đðĂøŤđàĘîêŤÙüćöĒêÖêŠćÜ×ĂÜÙŠćÙüćö Ē×ĘÜïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂöÖĆïēúĀąåćî×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê

÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ĕéšĒÿéÜĕüšéĆÜêćøćÜìĊęǰ3 àċęÜóïüŠćĕöŠđÖĉîǰ30 đðĂøŤđàĘîêŤêćöìĊęöćêøåćîÖĞćĀîé

ÿŠüîÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ×ĂÜøćÜøëĕôìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂö éšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB óïüŠćïøĉđüèìĊęĕéšøĆïñúÖøąìï ÝćÖÙüćöøšĂîöĊÙüćöĒ×ĘÜöćÖÖüŠćïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂö ĒúąēúĀąåćîǰĒúąđöČęĂñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćø đßČęĂöÝąÿŠÜñúĔĀšÙüćöĒ×ĘÜìĆĚÜ 3 ÿŠüîúéúÜđßŠîđéĊ÷ü ÖĆîÖĆïßĉĚîÜćîìĊęđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂ A ēé÷

đðĂøŤđàĘîêŤÙüćöĒêÖêŠćÜ×ĂÜÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜïøĉđüèøĂ÷

đßČęĂöÖĆïēúĀąåćî×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB ĕéšĒÿéÜĕüš éĆÜêćøćÜìĊęǰ4 àċęÜóïüŠćĕöŠđÖĉîǰ30 đðĂøŤđàĘîêŤêćöìĊę öćêøåćîÖĞćĀîé

êćøćÜìĊęǰ3 ÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂöÖĆïēúĀąåćî×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰA

êćøćÜìĊęǰ4 ÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂöÖĆïēúĀąåćî×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰB

ßĉĚîÜćîìĊęđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂ A ēúĀąåćî øĂ÷đßČęĂö ÙüćöêŠćÜ×ĂÜÙüćöĒ×ĘÜǰ(%)

ÙŠćđÞúĊę÷ÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ (HV30) Head ÖŠĂîĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîǰ 278.60 278.10 0.17%

ĀúĆÜĔĀšÙüćöøšĂî 255.30 269.90 5.40%

Web ÖŠĂîĔĀšÙüćöøšĂî 288.40 292.80 1.50%

Base ÖŠĂîĔĀšÙüćöøšĂî 281.55 297.30 5.30%

ßĉĚîÜćîìĊęđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂ B ēúĀąåćî øĂ÷đßČęĂö ÙüćöêŠćÜ×ĂÜÙüćöĒ×ĘÜǰ(%)

ÙŠćđÞúĊę÷ÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ (HV30) Head ÖŠĂîĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîǰ 268.10 244.90 8.65%

Web ÖŠĂîĔĀšÙüćöøšĂî 282.10 212.80 24.56%

Base ÖŠĂîĔĀšÙüćöøšĂî 302.25 257.30 14.87%

(11)

ÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ×ĂÜßĉĚîÜćîìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜ đìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ĒúąǰB óïüŠćÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜĔîïøĉđüè ìĊęĕéšøĆïñúÖøąìïÝćÖÙüćöøšĂîǰĒúąïøĉđüèēúĀą åćîǰöĊÙŠćĔÖúšđÙĊ÷ÜÖĆîǰĒêŠĔîïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂö×ĂÜìĆĚÜǰ 3 ïøĉđüèöĊÙüćöĒêÖêŠćÜÖĆîēé÷đÞúĊę÷ǰ17.50% ēé÷

ÿŠüî×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂöìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê

÷ĊęĀšĂǰA öĊÙüćöĒ×ĘÜöćÖÖüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB ìĊęđðŨî đßŠîîĊĚĂćÝđðŨîđóøćąÙüćöĒêÖêŠćÜÖĆî×ĂÜðøĉöćè íćêčìĊęĂ÷ĎŠĔîñÜđìĂøŤöĉêĒúąĂĆêøćÖćøđ÷ĘîêĆü×ĂÜøĂ÷

đßČęĂöĔîÖøąïüîÖćøđßČęĂöǰđßŠîǰðøĉöćèíćêčǰĀćÖöĊ ÖćøñÿöĔîđîČĚĂđĀúĘÖöćÖÝąÿŠÜñúĔĀšđÖøîöĊÙüćö Ā÷ćïǰÝċÜÿŠÜñúëċÜÙŠćÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ×ĂÜßĉĚîÜćîǰđóøćąÝćÖ ñúÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤðøĉöćèíćêčéšü÷üĉíĊüĆéÖćøéĎéÖúČî ĒÿÜ×ĂÜĂąêĂöǰóïüŠćĔîïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂö×ĂÜñÜ

đìĂøŤöĉêǰA öĊðøĉöćèàĉúĉÖĂîǰĂ÷ĎŠìĊęǰ6.39% ÿŠüî ïøĉđüèøĂ÷đßČęĂö×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB öĊðøĉöćè àĉúĉÖĂîĂ÷ĎŠìĊęǰ9.57% àċęÜĒêÖêŠćÜÖĆîöćÖÝċÜđðŨîÿćđĀêč ĔĀšúĆÖþèąđÖøî×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂö×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB öĊÙüćöĀ÷ćïÖüŠćøĂ÷đßČęĂö×ĂÜñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA

3.3.2 ÖćøìéÿĂïĒøÜéċÜ

ÿĞćĀøĆïÖćøĔßšÜćîÝøĉÜĕöŠĕéšöĊÖćøøąïčëċÜÙŠć ÙüćöĒ×ĘÜĒøÜéċÜǰ(Tensile strength) àċęÜĔîÜćîüĉÝĆ÷

îĊĚìĞćÖćøìéÿĂïĒøÜéċÜđóČęĂêšĂÜÖćøýċÖþćëċÜÙŠćÙüćö êšćîĒøÜéċÜđÞúĊę÷×ĂÜđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂö éšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂǰìĆĚÜìĊęĕöŠñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂî ĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöĒúąñŠćîÖćøĔĀšÙüćöøšĂîĀúĆÜÖćøđßČęĂöǰ ĒÿéÜéĆÜøĎðìĊęǰ10

øĎðìĊęǰ10 ÙŠćÙüćöêšćîĒøÜéċÜđÞúĊę÷×ĂÜđĀúĘÖøćÜøëĕôìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰ2 ÷ĊęĀšĂ

ÝćÖøĎðìĊę 10 óïüŠćÙüćöêšćîìćîĒøÜéċÜ

×ĂÜßĉĚîÜćîìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰB öĊÙŠćêęĞć ÖüŠć×ĂÜßĉĚîÜćîìĊęđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê A ÙŠĂî×šćÜöćÖ ìĊęđðŨîđßŠîîĊĚđîČęĂÜÝćÖđöČęĂìĞćÖćøìéÿĂïĒúą êøüÝÿĂïøĂ÷ÙüćöđÿĊ÷Āć÷óïüŠćĔîßĉĚîÜćîìĊęđßČęĂö éšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉêǰB öĊēóøÜĂćÖćý×îćéđúĘÖĂ÷ĎŠõć÷Ĕî đîČĚĂēúĀą ÝċÜđðŨîÿćđĀêčìĞćĔĀšÙŠćìĊęĕéšđÖĉéÙüćöÙúćé đÙúČęĂîǰĒúąđöČęĂîĞćĕðóĉÝćøèćøŠüöÖĆïÿŠüîñÿöìćÜ

đÙöĊìĊęĕéšÝćÖÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤéšü÷üĉíĊÿđðÖēêøÿēÙðŘǰ óïüŠćñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB öĊðøĉöćèàĆúđôĂøŤǰìĊęöćÖÖüŠć ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA Ă÷ĎŠöćÖǰàċęÜđðŨîÿćøöúìĉîÿŠÜñúĔĀš ßĉĚîÜćîđðøćąĒúąĀĆÖÜŠć÷

4. Ăõĉðøć÷ñúĒúąÿøčðñúÖćøüĉÝĆ÷

ÝćÖÖćøýċÖþćĒúąđðøĊ÷ïđìĊ÷ïÿŠüîñÿö×ĂÜ ñÜđìĂøŤöĉêĒúąÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖú×ĂÜøĂ÷đßČęĂöđĀúĘÖøćÜ

875.14

499.68 812.11

513.80

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Á°¦r¤·¥¸É®o°A Á°¦r¤·¥¸É®o°B

UTS (MPa)

As-welded Post weld heat treatment

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øëĕôìĊęñŠćîÖćøđßČęĂöéšü÷ñÜđìĂøŤöĉêìĆĚÜ 2 ÷ĊęĀšĂǰ óïüŠćöĊÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúĒúąēÙøÜÿøšćÜÝčúõćÙĂ÷ĎŠĔîßŠüÜ ìĊę÷ĂöøĆïĕéš×ĂÜöćêøåćîÖćøøëĕô ēé÷óïüŠćÙŠć ÙüćöĒ×ĘÜ×ĂÜïøĉđüèøĂïđßČęĂöÖĆïēúĀąåćîîĆĚî ĒêÖêŠćÜĕöŠđÖĉî 30 đðĂøŤđàĘîêŤǰĒúąĔîïøĉđüèøĂ÷

đßČęĂöĒúąïøĉđüèìĊęĕéšøĆïñúÖøąìïÝćÖÙüćöøšĂîîĆĚî ĕöŠóïēÙøÜÿøšćÜđïîĕîìŤĒúąöćøŤđìîĕàêŤ [7] àċęÜñÜ đìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂ A îĆĚîĔĀšÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúìĊęÿĎÜÖüŠćǰÿŠüîñÜ đìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB îĆĚîĒöšöĊÿöïĆêĉìćÜÖúìĊęêęĞćÖüŠćĒêŠÝćÖ ñúÖćøìéÿĂïîĆĚîñŠćî×ĆĚîêęĞć×ĂÜöćêøåćîÖćøøëĕôǰ éĆÜîĆĚîÖćøĔßšñÜđìĂøŤöĉêÝċÜ×ċĚîĂ÷ĎŠÖĆïñĎšĔßšÜćî ĀćÖ êšĂÜÖćøøĂ÷đßČęĂöìĊęöĊÙčèõćóĒúąđßČęĂöÜŠć÷ ÙüøđúČĂÖ ñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰA ĀøČĂđúČĂÖĔßšñÜđìĂøŤöĉê÷ĊęĀšĂǰB ìĊęöĊ øćÙćëĎÖÖüŠćǰ500 ïćìêŠĂǰ5 ÖĉēúÖøĆöǰĒêŠöĊÖćøđßČęĂö ìĊęÙŠĂî×šćÜ÷ćÖÖüŠćđîČęĂÜÝćÖÖćøĔßšđüúćĔîÖćøđÖĉé ðäĉÖĉøĉ÷ćđìĂøŤĕöêŤìĊę÷ćÖÖüŠć ĒúąđÿĊę÷ÜÖćøêŠĂÖćøđÖĉé ēóøÜĂćÖćýÜŠć÷ÖüŠć

5. ÖĉêêĉÖøøöðøąÖćý

ñĎšüĉÝĆ÷×Ă×ĂïóøąÙčèõćÙüĉßćüĉýüÖøøö ĂčêÿćĀÖćøǰĒúąĀîŠü÷üĉÝĆ÷üĆÿéčĒúąÖćøìéÿĂïēé÷

ĕöŠìĞćúć÷ǰýĎî÷ŤïøĉÖćøìćÜÖćøýċÖþćøćßïčøĊǰöĀćüĉì÷ćúĆ÷

đìÙēîēú÷ĊóøąÝĂöđÖúšćíîïčøĊǰìĊęĔĀšÖćøÿîĆïÿîčî ĂčðÖøèŤĔîÖćøìĞćÜćîüĉÝĆ÷îĊĚ

6. đĂÖÿćøĂšćÜĂĉÜ

[1] ÿĞćîĆÖîē÷ïć÷Ēúą÷čìíýćÿêøŤǰĒúąǰÿĞćîĆÖÜćî ðúĆéÖøąìøüÜÙöîćÙö. Ēñî÷čìíýćÿêøŤ ÖøąìøüÜÙöîćÙöǰó.ý.2559. [Internet].

(2558). [cited 2016 Oct 1]. available from:

http://www.mot.go.th/file_upload/2559 /mot_strategic2559.pdf

[2] S. Rajanna. Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical response of thermite welded rail, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2013; Vol.

2, Issue 9: 4775-4782.

[3] F. Sidki, I. Mouallif, A. El Amri, M.

Boudlal, et al. Experimental Study of Mechanical Behavior and Microstructural Benchmarking between the Rail and the Thermite weld, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development 2013; Vol. 6, Issue 9: 53- 58.

[4] ßîĆâßĉéćǰÿć÷ßčöéĊ. ÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤēúĀąĀîĆÖ ĔîîĚĞćđÿĊ÷ēé÷ÖćøĔßšđÙøČęĂÜǰAAS. [Internet].

[cited 2017 Jul 9]. available from:

http://www2.diw.go.th/Research/đĂÖÿćø đñ÷ĒóøŠ/đÙøČęĂÜAAS.pdf

[5] ýĎî÷ŤđÙøČęĂÜöČĂüĉì÷ćýćÿêøŤđóČęĂöćêøåćîĒúą ĂčêÿćĀÖøøö. ÖćøüĉđÙøćąĀŤĂÜÙŤðøąÖĂïÿćø éšü÷đìÙîĉÙÖćøđúĊĚ÷üđïî×ĂÜøĆÜÿĊđĂĘÖàŤ. [Internet]. [cited 2016 Feb 26]. available from: http://science.kmutt.ac.th/sic/index.

php/physiccs/16-x-ray-driffraction [6] ïìđøĊ÷îĂĂîĕúîŤ öĀćüĉì÷ćúĆ÷đìÙēîēú÷Ċøćß

öÜÙúíĆâïčøĊ. ÖøøöüĉíĊìćÜÙüćöøšĂîđĀúĘÖÖúšć.

[Internet]. [cited 2016 Dec 4]. available from:http://www.rmutphysics.com/char

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ud/PDF-learning/2/material/ie2302_ch8.

pdf

[7] British Standard. BS EN 14730-1:2006+

A1:2010 Railway applications - Track - Aluminothermic welding of rails. 2010.

[8] AWS D15 Committee on Railroad Welding and Subcommittee on Track Welding. Recommended Practices for

the Welding of Rails and Related Rail Components for Use by Rail Vehicles, AWS D15. 2:2003, American Welding Society. United States of America; 2005.

[9] đĂÖøĆêîŤǰĕü÷îĉê÷Ť, ÿ÷ćöǰĒÖšüÙĞćĕÿ÷ŤǰĒúąýĉøĉüøøè ĂŠüöðćî. ēúĀąüĉì÷ćÖĆïøćÜüĉęÜĔîøëĕôôŜć×îÿŠÜ öüúßî. ïìÙüćöýĎî÷ŤđìÙēîēú÷ĊēúĀąĒúąüĆÿéč ĒĀŠÜßćêĉ 2557; 54.