Title of Dissertation The Process and Strategies in Creating "Patriotic Songs": The Case Study of "Return Happiness to Thailand" Song Series of The National. NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR PEACE AND ORDER (NCPO) 5.1 Background of the creation of Patriotic songs of the 109.
INTRODUCTION
- Background and Rationale
- The Roles and Functions of Music in Communicating to People and a Society in Each Period
- Patriotic Songs and Their Roles in Society and Politics
- Patriotic Songs, Revolutions, and Military Power
- Political Context before the 13 th Coup D’etat of the NCPO
- Research Questions
- Objectives
- Conceptual Framework
This can be considered as a new dimension for a distribution channel of patriotic songs in the period of the NCPO. The content of the NCPO's song does not emphasize patriotism or sacrifice of people in the nation.
Efficiency
Operational Definitions
Patriotic songs cover the traditional direct meaning of patriotism and indirect ways of expressing patriotism. Song-making performance: Outcome of listening to NCPO patriotic songs in terms of listener acceptance and preference.
The Expected Benefits
The Adaptation of Characteristics of Patriotic Songs: In this study, it means the adaptation of patriotic songs since ancient times up to the UCPO period by analyzing communication components: composers or senders, message, channel and listeners or receivers, along with social and political context in each period and the art of playing music in general. Transmission tactics and persuasion: the use of words in conveying meanings in lyrics, methods of transmission, the design of the melody to match the lyrics or the content of the songs according to music theories and the art of playing music, including an arrangement of lyrics, melody , rhythm, sound harmonization and tone color in the patriotic songs of the NCPO.
CONCEPTS, THEORIES, AND RELATED STUDIES
Part 1: The History of Patriotic Songs and Political Background of the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO)
- The Concepts on Communication and Domination of Antonio Gramsci
The researcher used the concepts of Antonio Gramsci, an Italian political economist who studied the structure of politics, culture, thought, consciousness and ideologies in relation to "cultural struggle" as a framework to analyze political dimensions, especially in notions of hegemony and the term through consent. Gramsci's insights about how power is constituted in the realm of ideas and knowledge, or expressed through consent rather than coercion, have inspired the use of specific strategies to contest hegemonic norms of legitimacy for rulers around the world.
Part 2: The Process and Strategies in Creating Songs of the NCPO
- The Concept of Pop Culture
- Pop Songs or Pop Music
- The Concepts of the Process and Strategies of Creating Songs of the NCPO as a Communication Process
Therefore, the Pop songs of the NCPO can originate from and be connected to this concept. Generally, rich content and melody of the NCPO's patriotic songs of pop culture involve everyday activities or namely love.
Part 3: Tactics in Transmission and Persuasion Used in The NCPO’s Patriotic Songs
- Speech Act Theory
- Persuasive Communication Theories of Aristotle Aristotle identifies three means of persuasion
- Persuasive Message through the Use of Emotional and Psychological Appeals
- Theory of Emotion
- The Concept of Music Art
- Concepts and Theories of Successful Strategies in Transmission and Persuasion
Wanlada Pirunsarn (2000) referred to the classical persuasion theories of Aristotle (Aristotle, 1960, p. 7), the Father of Rhetoric, who defines "rhetoric" or communication as an exploration of every available means of persuasion. However, a target person's satisfaction can be observed and measured through his/her verbal and non-verbal expressions.
Related Studies
- Studies on Thai Popular Songs
- Studies on Patriotic Songs
- Studies on the Process of Song Creation
Therefore, quantitative research was added for this study to increase higher reliability, i.e. the relationship between the listening frequency and the listeners' perception and interpretation of the songs, etc. Doungkamon Bangchuad (2011) studied "The Transmission of Thai Patriotic Songs to". Enhance Patriotism) to analyze the roles of the songs in promoting patriotism. From this study, the researcher used the factors that influence song creation as guidelines for analyzing the process of song creation of the NCPO's patriotic songs, including for the analysis of factors that influence an adaptation of patriotic songs from March Rhythm to Pop Music .
The analysis of Dnu Huntrakula's song creation as a sender and the factors influencing song creation was thus adopted as a guide for this study in the analysis of NCPO's patriotic songs and strategies.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- Documentary Research
- Research/Studies
- Articles/News
- Textual Analysis to Analyze Songs in Various Aspects
- In-depth Interview
- Producers and Composers of the Song “Return Happiness to Thailand”, and All Involved in the Process of the Creation of the
- Military officers: A Supporting Office in Handling and Disseminating the NCPO’s Songs
- Private Sector: The Provider of Songs for the NCPO to be Disseminated in the NCPO’s Activities
- Music Experts in Analyzing Music Art of the NCPO’s Songs
- Media: A Writer, Song Critic, and Scholar in Music Art
- Message (Songs)
- Listeners
- Criteria for Selecting Samples
- The Criteria in Website Selection
- Data Analysis
For this part, “Return Happiness to Thailand” was selected as a representative of the NCPO patriotic songs to explore listeners' perception, attitude and satisfaction with the NCPO songs. The questions under this topic were intended to investigate whether the transmission and persuasiveness of the NCPO songs influence the listeners' listening to the NCPO songs. The questions under this topic aimed to investigate whether the transmission and persuasiveness of the NCPO songs influences the listeners' attitudes towards the singers or not.
The answers could explain the effect of having private sector singers on the broadcast of NCPO's songs.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE COMPOSITION OF PATRIOTIC SONGS FROM
THE PAST TO THE PERIOD OF THE NCPO
Period 1: The Beginning of Thai Patriotic Songs (1910-1925)
- Social and Political Contexts
- The Basic Materials of Music Art
The beginning of Western music influence in Thailand was evident in the songs composed to pay great respect to the king and to the viceroy (the king's heir, who is called Phra Maha Uparat or Wong Na). Especially during the reign of King Rama IV, in which Thailand opened foreign relations with several Western countries, the flow of Western scholarship changed the role of the kings. It was intended to enhance the admirable and acceptable qualities of Thai kings in the eyes of the foreigners.
Similarly, patriotic songs during the NCPO period were intended to convey messages to the Thai people to explain their reasons for the coup and to create common understanding and cooperation.
Period 2: Patriotic Songs during the Governance Change to Democracy (1925-1957)
- Social and Political Contexts
- The Basic Materials of Music Art
Interestingly, if we compare the content of the patriotic songs of the past and the NCPO, none of the NCPO songs mentions the institution of "religion" as in v. Accordingly, the enemy appearing in the poems of former times were foreigners, not among the Thais as they are today. The content goes beyond general content and reflects the role of songs that serve government policy in various ways.
Patriotic songs from a coup perspective different from those of NCPO.
Period 3: Patriotic Songs for Communicating an Ideology of Democracy and Socialism (1957-1976)
- Social and Political Contexts
- The Basic Materials of Music Art
Sample government/right-wing party songs: Let's Love One Another, Deadwood, We will Fight, Supreme Dreams, Born to be Thais and Die for Thailand. The patriotic songs under the coup d'état of this period can be exemplified by NCPO songs. Accordingly, students and people during this period chose "songs for life" as their genre to differentiate themselves from those on the right or those with different political ideologies and views.
Moreover, songs for life can create a new identity of the left-handed party and also a sphere of communication through their songs.
Period 4: Patriotic Songs Transmitted through Various Genres for Reflecting Social and Economic Problems in Thailand (1977-1995)
- Social and Political Contexts
- The Basic Materials of Music Art
It can be implied that in this period, the private sector was a significant variable in the creation of patriotic songs. Thus, the patriotic songs of the left party in the earlier period were adapted to a new production for sale, i.e., the musical work of the Carabao or Caravan. Patriotic songs in this period were different from those of earlier periods because the private sector had more freedom in composing songs and could publish them through different channels.
Most of the songs are fast songs but not heavy like March in the past.
Period 5: Patriotic Songs for Cooperating in Supporting Thai Society (1996-2011)
- Social and Political Contexts
- The Basic Materials of Music Art
Therefore, a joint chant in the song "We are the World" might be a protocol for song composers in the next generation to illustrate a kind of synergy for society. Listeners can choose to listen what they like and a song can help connect their thoughts with the content of the song. In celebration of King Bhumibol Adulyadej's 72nd birthday on 5 December 1999, the government offices adapted the song presentation to a new one by gathering famous composers and singers or artists to arrange the songs for this special occasion.
Beautiful slideshows or music videos have been used to attract more attention from the audience ie. slideshows and music video for the song “Nawamin the Great King etc.
Period 6: The NCPO’s Pop Songs via the Theme of “Return Happiness to Thailand (2014-2017)
- Social and Political Contexts
- The Basic Materials of Music Art
The composer was Marshal Prayut Chan-o-cha, the leader of the NCPO after the coup of May 22, 2014. The above context was the main reason and basis for the patriotic songs in this period. Thus, the above two dimensions were important factors that led to the NCPO's patriotic songs being adapted into pop songs to convey the NCPO's ideologies.
Also, the content of patriotic songs should be short, precise and repetitive for a happy memory for the listeners.
THE FINDINGS ON THE PROCESS AND STRATEGIES IN CREATING “PATRIOTIC SONGS” OF THE NATIONAL
COUNCIL FOR PEACE AND ORDER (NCPO)
Background of the Creation of Patriotic Songs of the NCPO
- A Brief Biography of Field Marshal Prayut Chan-o-cha, the Composer of the NCPO’s Patriotic Songs
As for the background of the composer, Field Marshal Prayut Chan-o-cha had no educational background in music or experience in song composition. By producing other songs, therefore, a safe channel to disseminate them was guaranteed due to the power of Field Marshal Prayut Chan-o-cha, the composer and leader of the NCPO. The primary element that initiated the process of creating patriotic songs was the leader of the 13th coup, Field Marshal Prayut Chan-o-cha, the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army.
Accordingly, the origin of the song creation process should come from the initiation of the strong desire of the coup leader, Field Marshal Prayut Chan-o-cha, who owns the concept of using a song to deal with people to communicate after the 13th coup. .
People Involved in the Process of Creating Patriotic Songs of the NCPO
- General Prayut Chan-o-cha
- Royal Thai Army Band Department
- Department of Civil Affairs, Royal Thai Army
- Private Sector
The head of the Royal Thai Army Band Department received the puzzle from the Prime Minister. From the survey, there are four songs from NCPO in this category: "Return Happiness to Thailand", "Because you are Thailand". Therefore, NCPO's patriotic songs are a consequence of the process of adopting media to connect with people through the military's investigations of the social context.
The contents of these five songs chosen to support the main four songs of the NCPO were as follows:.
The Process of Creating Patriotic Songs of the NCPO
- The Process of the Creation of the NCPO’s Songs
- Power Relations in the Creation Process of the NCPO’s Songs From the production process, the power relations found in the production
General Prayut Chan-o-cha, head of the NCPO, was the originator of the NCPO songs. In general, the songs were released as companion songs to the program "Thailand Moves Forward" and "Bring Happiness Back to the People of the Country". For this case, individuals or artists were not directly involved in the process of creating OKKP songs.
Power relations in the process of creating patriotic songs of NCPO were shown as below.
Factors Affecting the Creation Process
- People Involved in the Process 1) The Transmitter of the Songs
- Internal Factors of the NCPO
- External Factors of the Army 1) The Social and Political Context
Consequently, a military singer should be the best representative of the songs composed by the military. The status of the NCPO after the coup was central and was seen as a symbol of openness. Therefore, the most crucial factor in the creation of the NCPO's songs are the people the NCPO wants to introduce to the songs.
In the case of the NCPO's patriotic songs, the Dominion has been selectively implanted through pop music.
Strategies in Creating the Patriotic Songs of the NCPO
- Communication by Pop Music
- The Use of Private-Sector Power to Support the NCPO’s Songs to People
But for NCPO's songs, the Prime Minister composed the songs not to fight with anyone, but to beg for cooperation. From NCPO's communication strategies to pop music, this aligns with the concept of a marketing campaign. Such cooperation increased a more positive image of the NCPO in terms of cooperating with people.
The participation of well-known organizations and individuals in NCPO activities has led to people's acceptance of NCPO songs faster than the military itself.
The Summary of the Process and Strategies in Creating Patriotic Songs of the NCPO
- Background of the Creation Process
- People Involved in the Creation Process
- Steps of Creating the NCPO’s Songs: 6 Steps were Found
- Factors affecting the Creation Process of the NCPO’s Songs
- Strategies in Creating the NCPO’s Songs Two major strategic approaches were found
The significant internal factors were the NCPO, as the government had the power to monitor and regulate the country's main media. For example, the song "Return Happiness to Thailand" required the skills of the private composer to participate in the song production for the NCPO. The NCPO used pop music to compose the tune that could reach a wide range of listeners.
In addition, such cooperation can expand the Fan Club bases of song owners and artists who approved NCPO songs to sing and can make people accept NCPO songs and the handful of the state faster than the army to broadcast the songs alone.
TACTICS OF TRANSMISSION AND PERSUASION USED IN THE THEME SONG, “RETURN HAPPINESS TO THAILAND”
OF THE NCPO
Textual Analysis of Patriotic Songs of the NCPO
- Returning Happiness to Thailand
Text by General Prayut Chan-o-cha, Army Commander-in-Chief and NCPO Chief. Song, "Return Happiness to Thailand"; so was the song that the army passed on to the people after the coup and was the result of the prolonged unrest and disharmony in the country. The repetitive singing allows listeners to feel the words and meanings of the song.
The composer summarizes the consequence of his action in the last sentence of the song: "The land will soon be restored."
