第壹部分：單選題（占 72 分）
一、詞彙題（占 15 分）
說明︰第 題至第 題，每題有 4 個選項，其中只有一個是正確或最適當的選項，請畫記在 答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得 1 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選 項者，該題以零分計算。
In spite of many differences, there is a striking
among these cases: the suspect is left-handed.
assembly mixture similarity involvement
答案：
解析： 考名詞。儘管有很多不同點，這些案子卻有個驚人的 ：嫌犯是左撇子。
集會、（人）集合（在一起） 混合 相似 參與
Never approach the coast once a typhoon alert is issued because
sea waves may devour
you.flexible restless earnest severe
答案：
解析： 考形容詞。颱風警報發布後，別靠近海岸，因為 海浪可能會吞噬你。
有彈性的 焦躁不安的、靜不下來的 認真的 嚴格的、劇烈的
How could a person with physical talent like him have difficulty learning to ride a bicycle?
exceptional permanent insufficient ambiguous
答案：
解析： 考形容詞。像他那樣有 運動天賦的人怎麼可能學習騎腳踏車有困難？
卓越的 永久的 不足的 含糊不清的
How lucky I am to have a husband as my of strength, who is always standing by to offer
help and support.relay slavery pillar twilight
答案：
解析： 考名詞。我超幸運有先生當我精神力量的 ，隨時在我身邊提供我幫助與支持。
接力 奴隸 支柱 黃昏時分；晚期
The novice actor to superstardom as his debut turned out to be a surprise blockbuster.
collided exclaimed justified ascended
答案：
解析： 考動詞。這位新人演員因處女作成為賣座鉅片而 超級大明星。
相碰撞 驚叫 為…辯護、證明是正當的 登上、攀上
To perform well on the upcoming college entrance exam, I strictly
the use of my smartphone and resist any temptation from the Net.
inspect regulate circulate enforce
答案：
解析： 考動詞。為了在即將來臨的大學入學考試有好表現，我嚴格 智慧型手機的使用與抵抗任何來 自網路的誘惑。
審視、檢查 控制、管理 使流通、循環 （強制）執行
Nowadays, teachers would build professional learning communities whereby they work
for more feasible teaching techniques.
collaboratively hesitantly explicitly concisely
答案：
解析： 考副詞。現今老師們會組成專業學習社群，藉以 發展出更多可行的教學方式。
合作地 猶豫地 明確地 簡明地
As cancer cells have the bone in the patient’s right leg, amputation seems to be inevitable.
persuaded obtained invaded navigated
答案：
解析： 考動詞。因為癌細胞已經 病人的右腿，截肢似乎是無法避免的。
說服 獲得 入侵 導航
Being shown a photo of her ex with his new girlfriend, Julia gave a
and said, “Not that I
care.”shrug wail shriek whisk
答案：
解析： 考名詞。有人給 Julia 看一張她前男友與新女友在一起的照片，她 說：「我並不在乎。」
聳肩 嚎啕大哭 尖叫 快速揮、攪打
Professor Yeh has earned a(n) of being an educator who incorporates games into learning,
and been invited to give many speeches on this topic.gratitude instruction latitude reputation
答案：
解析： 考名詞。葉教授因為身為一位將遊戲融入學習的教育家而享有 ，亦受邀做過許多有關這個主 題的演講。
感激 指示、說明 緯度 名聲
Carl displays a strong bias against those who are inferior to him, and
any proposal they bring up.mocks launches consents bribes
答案：
解析： 考動詞。Carl 對於比他差的人有很強烈的偏見，並且 他們所提出的任何提案。
嘲笑 啟動、發起 同意 賄賂
The family of the terminally-ill patient are in need of a miracle, anxiously hoping he will
become lively again.extensive desperate courteous financial
答案：
解析： 考形容詞。這位臨終病患的家屬 需要奇蹟，很焦急地希望他能再度有活力。
廣泛的 非常、迫切的 有禮貌的 財物的
Sitting under the big tree and hearing the leaves
in the breeze, I can feel peaceful and completely relaxed in the afternoon.
polish glitter paddle rustle
答案：
解析： 考動詞。午後，坐在大樹下，聽著樹葉在微風中 ，我可以感到寧靜且完全放鬆。
擦亮 閃耀 用槳划船 沙沙作響
Jumping off the cliff without any protective gear is a misjudged and
challenge, which should be banned.
overhead solemn reckless liberal
答案：
解析： 考形容詞。沒有穿戴任何保護裝備就從這個峭壁跳下去是一項錯誤判斷又 的挑戰，這應該被 禁止的。
在頭頂上的 嚴肅的 魯莽的 開明的
Over the three years in high school, James has exerted himself and got good grades, which
is why he is going to graduate with flying colors.indifferently consistently unfortunately extremely
答案：
解析： 考副詞。James 高中這三年以來非常努力， 成績一直很好，這就是他即將以優異成績 畢業的原因。
冷漠地 一貫地、始終如一地 很不幸地 極度地
二、綜合測驗（占 15 分）
說明︰第 題至第 題，每題一個空格，請依文意選出最適當的一個選項，並畫記在答案卡 之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得 1 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，
該題以零分計算。
As the youth are encouraged to expand their horizons by taking a gap year before going to college, more and more people aged over 50 are volunteering overseas. Though retired, these people are valuable with a lifetime’s experience, knowledge and skills. By helping children education to read, mentoring underprivileged youngsters or transforming an industrial wasteland into an urban park, these volunteers are changing not only the locals’ life but also their own life.
Fiona Harper got severely injured in an accident several years ago, and recovered well afterwards.
, her confidence in herself was shattered. In an attempt to restore her confidence, she started to learn Spanish, her onto the path of volunteering in Honduras and Guatemala, where she worked in a children’s center and taught English at a school. Fiona felt she took more than she could give as a volunteer overseas, so she said, “you should respect the poor or the needy, and be about your volunteering.”
Fiona is not alone in volunteering overseas. According to International Development Charity Voluntary Service Overseas, volunteers over 50 are increasing, accounting for almost 30% of the volunteers.
assets empires facilities bundles confined to deprived of exposed to obsessed with Therefore Similarly Moreover Nevertheless which led to lead that led and led shameful sympathetic modest aggressive
答案： ； ； ； ； 解析：
當年輕人在上大學前被鼓勵要壯遊一年以拓展視野的同時，愈來愈多五十歲以上的人到海外做志工，這些人 雖然退休了，但是他們是有著一輩子經驗、知識與技能的重要資產。藉由幫助被剝奪教育的孩童識字、輔導弱勢 青少年或是將工業廢地變身為都市公園，這些志工改變的不只是當地人的生活，還有他們自己的生活。
Fiona Harper 幾年前在一場意外中嚴重受傷，之後完全復原了，然而她對自己的信心完全瓦解。她試圖要恢 復自信，便開始學西班牙語，這帶領她走上在宏都拉斯與瓜地馬拉當志工的路，她在那邊的兒童中心工作，並在 一所學校教授英文。身為海外志工，Fiona 覺得她得到的比她付出來的多，所以她說：「你應該尊重窮苦或有需 要的人，對你當志工這件事心懷謙卑。」
Fiona 在志工之路並不孤單，根據海外國際慈善志工服務處，五十歲以上的志工正在增加中，占志工人數近 三成。
資產 帝國 設施 數捆
本題考名詞。根據前後文及本句句構語意，這些五十歲以上的人雖然退休了，但是他們的經驗與知識技能是 累積一輩子的，是有價值的，故選 。
局限於… 被剝奪… 暴露於… 對…著迷
本題考片語，help sb. to VR「幫助某人做某事」，故空格裡的動詞應該是過去分詞後位修飾 children，也就是 helping children who are deprived of education to read，依文意選 。
因此 同樣地 此外 然而
本題考轉折語副詞。前文提到 Fiona 完全復原，下一句說她自信心卻完全崩解，故選 。
本題考句構概念。依文意：她學西班牙文這件事讓她走上海外志工之路，因此選 ，which 引導的子句非限定 關係子句，此時的 which 不能用 that 代替。
丟臉、可恥的 同情的 謙遜的 好鬥、積極進取的
本題考形容詞。依 Fiona 前文的說法，她當志工其實得之於當地人更多，因此要心存感激、要謙遜，故選 。
重要字、詞與片語
horizons n. 視野 overseas adv. 海外 mentor v. 指導 underprivileged adj. 弱勢的 urban adj. 都市的 shatter v. 粉碎 restore v. 恢復 account for ... 占多少比例
Twenty years after Diana, Princess of Wales, died in a car crash in a Paris tunnel, the world is still remembering this charming princess. Lady Diana Spencer married Prince Charles at merely 20 and their wedding, watched by millions around the world, looked like something out of a fairy tale.
the birth of two little princes, the romance of their marriage of the century didn’t last long. The marriage was dissolved one year before Diana died, and both occurrences came so that many people couldn’t believe this “people’s princess” was gone forever.
Diana altered the idea of what a princess should be like, displaying an amiable and accessible image to the world. She committed herself to many charitable and humanitarian that the royal family would not normally take on. In private, she guided her sons to have as possible and meanwhile never to forget lives outside the palace walls. No wonder she is still esteemed by the world — not because of her fabulous fashion choices, but because of her legacy that has inspired her sons and the world.
splendid substantial ordinary absurd In light of Besides On account of Despite impulsively infinitely abruptly contagiously catches causes firms funds
such a normal life too normal a life as normal a life a life normal enough
答案： ； ； ； ； 解析：
威爾斯王妃黛安娜在一場巴黎隧道所發生的車禍中過世，二十年後，世人仍然記得這位迷人的王妃。黛安娜 斯賓塞嫁給查爾斯王子時年僅二十，他們那令人驚嘆壯觀的婚禮看起來就像出於童話故事，全世界有數百萬人觀 看。但儘管有兩位小王子的誕生，這場世紀婚禮的浪漫並沒有維持很久。這場婚姻在黛安娜過世前一年正式結 束，而離婚與黛妃之死這兩件事來得太突然，以致許多人無法相信這位人民的王妃已永遠離開。
黛安娜改變了王妃該要有什麼樣子的想法，展現給世人的是一個和藹親民的意象。她致力於許多王室一般不 會正式去承擔的慈善與人道主義事業。私底下，她引導自己的兒子盡可能地過著一般的生活，同時不忘宮牆外的 世界。難怪她仍被世人所敬重，不是因為她絕佳的時尚選擇，而是因為她所留下的遺澤，啟發了自己的孩子與這 個世界。
壯觀的 大的、可觀的、重大的 普通的 荒謬的
本題考形容詞。根據下文，她的婚禮就像童話故事般且有數百萬人觀看，表示該 wedding 的場面必然壯觀，
故選 。無法選 乃在於 substantial 用在形容 size, value, importance 上，表示程度上的巨大。
有鑒於 除了 因為、由於 儘管
本題考介系詞。儘管兩位王子誕生，這段婚姻仍沒維持太久，故選 。 衝動地 無限地 突然地 有感染力地；接觸傳染地
本題考副詞，兩個事件來的太突然，以致人們無法相信，故選 。 合適的對象 志業 公司 基金
本題考名詞，由後文 take on（承擔、負起…之責）可知，這裡要選語意可承接 take on 之受詞，故不選 。 因為沒有 take on funds 這樣的用法，要改成 take on “fund-raising” 這樣的「工作」，故也不能選 。又根據 全文，黛妃是致力於慈善工作，不是創建慈善與人道相關的公司，因此不選 。
本題考文法「as＋原級＋as possible」之用法，若加上名詞，要將名詞片語置放於原級之後，變成「as＋原級
＋NP＋as possible」。故選 。 重要字、詞與片語
dissolve v. 正式終止、解除；消失 occurrence n. 事件 amiable adj. 親切和藹的 accessible adj. 可接近的 humanitarian adj. 人道主義的 fabulous adj. 極佳的 legacy n. 遺產、遺澤
There are about 20 supervolcanoes around the world. If any of them erupts, the falling ash will spread out over hundreds of miles, sunlight and probably leading to volcanic winter
—
if it persists for a long time. , enormous gases ejected from the volcano will also bring about acid rain and air pollution. Some are eyes, skin and respiratory system, posing great threats to human’s health. Recently, NASA is determined to develop countermeasures against eruptions of a supervolcano, back in June, the Yellowstone Supervolcano was rocked by over 450 small quakes in the same week. NASA plans to set up a coolant system by placing a drill into the supervolcano and filling it with cold water. However, this seemingly viable plan is soon because to cool thousands of cubic kilometers of magma below the surface of the Earth is out of reach. Although NASA’s plan to quell the Yellowstone Supervolcano sounds like a mission impossible now, it may become feasible someday as human beings keep digging into the mystery of the Earth.getting over adjusted to blocking out blanketed by On the whole At any rate By contrast In the meantime irritating to unconscious of infected with inadequate for though for whereas lest
provoked embarked choked challenged
答案： ； ； ； ； 解析：
世上大約有二十座超級火山。若任何一座超級火山爆發，落下的灰燼將擴散數百里，遮蔽住陽光，若持續一 段時間的話，更可能導致火山型的冬季來臨。同時，大量來自火山的氣體還會造成酸雨與空氣汙染。有些會刺激 眼睛、皮膚與呼吸系統，威脅人類的健康。最近 NASA 因六月時，黃石超級火山在一週內就因地震搖晃了超過
450 次。決定發展相對應的策略來應付超級火山的爆發，NASA 計畫設立一個冷卻系統，藉由放置一個鑽子到超
級火山裡，然後用冷水填灌。然而這個看似可行的計畫很快地遭受挑戰，因為去冷卻地球表面下數千立方公里的 岩漿，這根本超越能力所及。雖然 NASA 平息黃石超級火山的計畫聽起來像是不可能的任務，但未來某天或許可 行，因為人類不斷挖掘地球的祕密。
克服 調整 遮蓋… 被…蓋住
本題考動詞片語，根據前後文，火山灰遮蓋住陽光因此才可能造成類似像冬天太陽光微弱的天氣型態，故選
。
整體來說 不計任何代價 相較之下 同時
本題考轉折語氣詞。火山灰與火山氣體的噴發都是在火山爆發時同時出現的，因此這句與前句的描述是同時 發生的，故選 。
對…是惱人的、使…發炎 對…是無意識的 感染上…病 對…是不足的
本題考形容詞片語，根據上下文語意，有些火山爆發時所噴射出來的氣體，會使接觸到的器官發炎或感到不 適，故選 。
雖然 因為 然而 唯恐
本題考連接詞「, for」表「因為」之用法。後面的子句在說明為何 NASA 決定要發展因應超級火山的對策，故 選 。
激起、引起 上船 噎到 挑戰
本題考動詞。根據語意，要冷卻這麼大範圍的岩漿，是目前能力範圍不可及的，因此這個計劃很快地就遭受 挑戰，故選 。
重要字、詞與片語
erupt v. 爆發 persist v. 持續存在 enormous adj. 大量的 bring about v. / phr. 造成
respiratory adj. 呼吸的 countermeasure n. 相對應的策略 eruption n.（火山）爆發 coolant n. 冷卻劑 seemingly adv. 看似、貌似 viable adj. 可行的 out of reach adj. / phr. 能力範圍不可及的
quell v. 平息、制止 dig into v. / phr. 探索、挖掘
三、文意選填（占 10 分）
說明︰第 題至第 題，每題一個空格，請依文意在文章後所提供的 到 選項中分別選出 最適當者，並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得 1 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
Blood was once under a shroud of mystery hundreds of years ago. It’s all because ancient people had little knowledge of its and function. Blood had been believed to be so an element in the body that it was woven into a couple of everyday expressions, such as “cold-blooded” and “bad blood,”
meaning “ruthless” and “resentment” respectively. Bloodletting was an example of humans’
ignorance of blood, and had long been a common medical till it was discredited in modern days.
Practitioners believed that a(n) of blood resulted in ailments and sicknesses. Another example was the use of herbal remedies for the purpose of “thinning” blood, which explains why many countries still have the tradition of drinking herbal tea to prevent blood clot.
The first documented human blood transfusion was performed by Jean-Baptiste Denis in France, 1667. Denis to save two men’s lives miraculously by giving them sheep’s blood. However, his third patient tragically after blood transfusion since Denis had no clue of the incompatibility of different species and blood types. It was not until Dr. Karl Landsteiner’s discovery of the three main blood categories that a(n) was able to conduct a successful blood transfusion.
It is known that Dr. Charles Drew should be with the establishment of modern blood banks as he developed the technique of separating plasma and storing it, which helped save numbers of wounded soldiers in World War II. With improvements such as the addition of sodium citrate to prevent clotting and the test of hepatitis, more blood banks or centers were founded. Today, many people give blood routinely around the world and help save lives.
excess later physician nature managed crucial perished widespread credited procedure
答案： ； ； ； ； ； ； ； ； ； 解析：
血液在數百年前曾經籠罩在神祕之中，這都是因為古時候的人對於它的本質和功能不甚了解。人們一直相 信血液在人體裡是如此關鍵的一個元素，以至於它融入了一些日常用語裡面，例如「cold-blooded」和「bad blood」，意思分別是「冷血無情」以及「憎恨」。放血是人們對血液無知的一個例子，而且長久以來是一個常見 的醫療手術，直到現代才受到懷疑。放血的從業者相信過多的血液造成了病痛。另一個例子是為了要稀釋血液而 廣泛使用藥草療法，這也解釋了為何許多國家有喝花草茶的傳統。
史上第一次有紀錄的輸血是 1667 年 Jean-Baptiste Denis 在法國執行的，Denis 藉由輸羊血給兩位病人，奇蹟 式地成功救了他們的性命。然而，因為 Denis 對於不同物種與血型的不相容性一點都不知情，他的第三位病人悲 劇性地去世了。一直到 Karl Landsteiner 醫生發現了三大血型，醫生才有辦法進行輸血。
大家都知道建立血庫的功勞應該歸給 Charles Drew 醫生，因為他發展出分離及儲存血漿的技術，這個技術在 二次世界大戰幫助拯救了許多受傷士兵的性命。有了後來的發展，例如添加檸檬酸鈉以防止血栓以及肝炎的檢 測，愈來愈多的血庫及血液中心成立了。今日，全世界許多人定期捐血幫助拯救生命。
此題在所有格 its 之後，故需填一名詞，第一段談的是過去的人對於血液的科學無知，因此選 本質。
本題在 S＋be＋so＋adj.＋a N＋that ...（如此…以至於…）的句構之中，根據下文 blood 之所以會出現在語言的 慣用語之中，表示它非常重要，故選 關鍵的。
本題於 a＋adj. 之後，故應填一名詞，依上下文關鍵字 bloodletting、practitioners 選 步驟、（醫療）手術。
本題位於不定冠詞與介系詞之間，應填一名詞，依前文 bloodletting 的概念，推出病人應該是血液「過多」，
才需要放血，故選 過多。
此格考形容詞，依後面文意：many countries have the tradition of drinking herbal tea 選 廣泛、遍布的。
本題考 manage to＋VR（成功做某事）的用法，因此句與下一句的關係（用轉折語 however 連接），以及副詞 miraculously 的文意選 做成某事（manage to VR）。
本題考動詞，依前後文文意及關鍵字 tragically，選 喪生。
本題應填名詞，依上下文意，能做輸血的是醫生，故選 醫生。
本題考 be credited with ...（某人有…的功勞），因為 Dr. Drew 的分離及儲存技術血庫才能成立，故功勞應該 歸給他，故選 歸功。
本題位於名詞之前，應填形容詞，下文的兩個例子都是後來比較先進的技術，故選 後來的、較晚的。
重要字、詞與片語
shroud n. 籠罩、謎局 be woven into ... 編織進…，融入… ruthless adj. 無情的 resentment n. 憎恨 respectively adv. 分別是 bloodletting n. 放血 ignorance n. 無知 discredit v. 懷疑 practitioner n. 執業者 ailment n. 小病痛 remedy n. 療法 clot n. 栓塞 blood transfusion n. 輸血 miraculously adv. 奇蹟地 incompatibility n. 不相容 plasma n. 血漿 hepatitis n. 肝炎
四、閱讀測驗（占 32 分）
說明︰第 題至第 題，每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在 答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得 2 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選 項者，該題以零分計算。
It’s taken for granted that bicycle riders and athletes wear helmets to protect their head. The human brain is a soft, vulnerable mass of tissue, bathed in cerebrospinal fluid within the skull.
Resembling Jell-O, the brain shifts, rebounds against the skull and deforms as the head is impacted.
The brain tissue and nerve connections are accordingly pressured, which may cause concussion and other long-term brain damage. However, wearing a helmet offers protection just from the outside;
what the brain really needs is protection from the inside. A high-tech company is happy to announce that their newly-invented device, called the Q-Collar, is aimed at football players, who are prone to concussion even though they have full protective gear on, and that it will reverse the traditional method for head protection.
According to one of the inventors, David Smith, the idea for the Q-Collar came from woodpeckers. Woodpeckers perch vertically on tree trunks, poking and pounding the tree up to twenty times a second. Surprisingly, they never suffer concussion. Earlier studies show that they can have the blood volume in their skulls expanded by using their long tongue to clamp the jugular vein, which creates a “bubble-wrap” for the brain. Like a woodpecker’s tongue, the Q-Collar slightly pinches the athlete’s jugular vein so as to make the brain filled with more blood, which serves as shock absorbers.
According to Smith, we experience pretty much the same effect when we lie down, which of course is harmless since we sleep for hours every day. The Q-Collar has been proved to be significantly effective through experiments on high school football players. Of course, further research and more evaluations are needed since it has not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. But the prospect of the Q-Collar is exciting since we are on the right track to give protection from the inside, and also inspiring as it can be applied to the design of seat belts.
What is the main purpose of this passage?
To introduce an invention.
To explain how concussion happens.
To compare a bird and a technological device.
To emphasize the importance of sports injury prevention.
Why does the author mention woodpeckers in the second paragraph?
The blood flow in woodpeckers’ brain is the largest and steadiest.
The Q-Collar has borrowed their behavior of hammering the tree trunk.
The design of the Q-Collar is inspired by woodpeckers’ unique structure in the head.
Woodpeckers have a strong skull that never gets injured however hard it is impacted.
According to the passage, which of the following statements can be inferred?
The leak of cerebrospinal fluid is the main cause of concussion.
The Q-Collar is expected to replace all types of helmets in the future.
A certain percentage of football players must have suffered brain damage more or less.
The Q-Collar has become regular gear for lots of American high school football teams.
What does the author imply about the Q-Collar?
It’s innovative, but not practical.
It’s inspiring, but is limited in use.
It’s quite effective, but too complicated to use.
It’s not officially on the market, but is promising.
答案： ； ； ； 解析：
自行車騎士與運動員戴安全帽保護頭部這件事已被當作理所當然。人類腦部是一團柔軟、脆弱的組織，浸泡 在頭骨裡的腦脊液。大腦和果凍相似，當頭部受到撞擊時會晃動、碰到頭骨會彈回、變形，腦部組織及神經連結 會因此受到擠壓，這可能會引起腦震盪及其他長期腦部損傷。然而，戴安全帽只是提供來自外部的保護，而腦部 真正需要的是來自裡面的保護，一家高科技公司很高興宣布一個叫做 Q-Collar 的新發明裝置是針對即便穿戴全套 防護裝備的足球員設計，而且它將翻轉傳統保護頭部的方法。
根據其中一位發明者 David Smith 的說法，Q-Collar 的想法來自啄木鳥。啄木鳥垂直地棲息在樹幹上，一秒 鐘可以在樹上戳擊二十次，令人驚訝的是牠們從來不會腦震盪。先前的研究顯示牠們可以藉由使用其長舌頭夾住 頸靜脈，使頭骨裡的血液容量增大，這造成大腦好像有泡沫包裝的效果。和啄木鳥的長舌類似，Q-Collar 可以輕 輕捏住運動員的頸靜脈，以便於使大腦充滿更多血液，可以充當撞擊緩衝器。
根據 Smith 的說法，當我們躺下來時，差不多有同樣的效果，這當然是無害的，因為我們每天都要睡數小 時。Q-Collar 透過在高中足球員身上做的實驗已證實是相當有效的。當然，它還需要更進一步研究以及更多的評 估，因為食品藥物管理局還未核准，但是 Q-Collar 的前景令人興奮，因為我們提供來自內部的保護是對的，而且 也相當有啟發性，因為它可能可以應用到安全帶的設計上。
本文主要的目的為何？
介紹一項發明。
解釋腦震盪是如何發生的。
比較一種鳥類與一項科技裝置。
強調預防運動傷害的重要性。
作者為何在第二段提到啄木鳥？（根據第二段後半部）
啄木鳥大腦的血流最大、最穩定。
Q-Collar 借用牠們槌擊樹幹的行為。
Q-Collar 的設計是受到啄木鳥頭部獨特構造的啟發。
啄木鳥有一個不管受到多大的撞擊都不會受傷的強韌頭骨。
根據本文，下列何者可被推斷出來？
腦脊液外漏是腦震盪的主因。
Q-Collar 在未來被預期可以取代各式安全帽。
有某種比例的足球員或多或少一定有受過腦傷。（根據第一段最後一句）
Q-Collar 已經變成許多美國高中足球隊常規的設備。
作者對於 Q-Collar 有何暗示？（根據最後一段最後一句）
很創新但是不實用。
具啟發性但是使用上有所限制。
很有效果但是太複雜而無法使用。
尚未上市但是很有前景。
重要字、詞與片語
athlete n. 運動員 vulnerable adj. 脆弱的 mass n. 團、塊 tissue n. 組織 cerebrospinal fluid 腦脊液 skull n. 頭骨 rebound v. 彈回 deform v. 變形 concussion n. 腦震盪 be prone to ... 容易遭受…
gear n. 裝備 reverse v. 翻轉 woodpecker n. 啄木鳥 perch v. 棲息 vertically adv. 垂直地 volume n. 容量 clamp v. 夾住 jugular vein n. 頸靜脈 pinch v. 捏
Food and Drug Administration 食品藥物管理局
Some plant fanatics think that growing plants needs something more than sunlight, water and good soil. They believe talking to their plants or playing sweet melodies for them can help them grow well. Well, they will be thrilled to learn that a new book supports their seemingly-odd behavior.
The book, entitled The Botany of Desire, is written by Michael Pollan, an American author, columnist and journalist who has probed deep into the developments in plant science. In his book, Pollan claims that plants have senses as we do. They can sense sounds, vibrations, taste and even gravity or anything that is in their way. One simple example is that plant roots change growing direction to avoid barriers. Plants can gather all the sensory information, and subsequently react in a proper way. But they do it without the brain, the assumed organ for processing information.
According to Pollan, the new idea mentioned in his book is a brand new field
—
plant neurobiology, which sounds whacky since plants do not have neurons. However, a number of studies show that they respond and perhaps, learn, which most scientists are reluctant to agree on. Pollan illustrates an experiment conducted by Monica Gagliano, an Australian biologist. In her experiment on the mimosa pudica, which tends to fold the leaves inward when touched, many pots were dropped several times, but only within a safe distance. At first, the leaves of the mimosa pudica collapsed as expected. The dropping continued every five seconds. After six or seven drops, the mimosa pudicastopped curling up its leaves. It seems that the plant made a judgment based on its memory and experience, and learned to ignore the later drops since it knew it was in a secure environment.
“Plants are amazing; they can respond to dozens of environmental variables,” Pollan states.
Although whether it should be called intelligence is still not settled, their problem-solving capability is beyond our knowledge.
What is the main idea of this passage?
Plants may have the ability to learn.
Plants may have emotions and feelings.
Plants should be regarded as animals as well.
Plants are superior to most of the creatures in the world.
According to the passage, which of the following about Monica Gagliano is true?
She advocates playing music to plants so as to make them prosperous.
Her book, The Botany of Desire, mainly discusses the developments of plants.
She believes plants are aware of their environment, and can use reasoning about it.
The mimosa pudica in her experiment was unable to fold the leaves during the drops.
What does the word “whacky” in the third paragraph probably mean?
Normal. Strange. Exciting. Gloomy.
Why does Michael Pollan mention Monica Gagliano in his book?
He tries to prove her wrong in his book.
She shares similar viewpoints on plants with him.
Her experiment is controversial and he intends to conduct it all over again.
He acknowledges her contribution to the full understanding of plant neurobiology.
答案： ； ； ； 解析：
有些植物狂熱分子認為種植物需要陽光、水和好土以外的東西，他們相信與植物說說話或給它們聽好聽的曲 調可以幫助它們長得好，他們要是知道有一本新書支持這種似乎很奇怪的行為會很興奮。
這本書書名為《植物的慾望》，是由 Michael Pollan 所著的，他是探究植物科學發展的美國作家、專欄作家 及記者。Pollan 在他的書裡宣稱植物和我們一樣有感官，它們可以感知聲音、震動、味覺，甚至是重力或是任何 礙到它們的東西。一個簡單的例子是，植物的根會改變成長方向，為的是躲開障礙物。它們會收集所有感官訊 息，隨後以適當的方式反應，但是它們可以不需要大腦就做到這些，一般大腦是被假設為處理訊息的器官。
根據 Pollan 的說法，他的書中提到的新想法是全新的領域—植物神經生物學，這名詞聽起來很奇怪，因為植 物並沒有神經元。然而有些研究顯示它們會回應，或許還有學習，大部分的科學家不願意同意它們會學習這個說 法。Pollan 用澳洲生物學家 Monica Gagliano 的實驗來說明之，在她的含羞草實驗中（含羞草被觸摸時會將葉片合 起來），許多株被拋下好幾次，但是拋到一個安全的距離。一開始，含羞草的葉片如預期地合起來了，然後持續 每五秒鐘拋一次，經過六七次之後，含羞草不再合起葉片了，這植物似乎根據它的記憶及經驗做了判斷，並學會 忽略後來幾次的拋動作，因為它知道它在一個安全的環境。
「植物是很驚人的，他們會對數十種環境變數反應」，Pollan 這樣說。雖然這是否要稱之為智商還有待商 榷，但是它們解決問題的能力是我們無法全然了解的。
本文的主旨為何？
植物可能有學習能力。
植物可能有情緒與感覺。
植物應該跟動物一樣等同對待。
植物優於世界上大部分的動物。
^ 根據本文，下列何者有關 Monica Gagliano 的敘述為真？
她倡導對植物撥放音樂，使它們蓬勃生長。
她的書《植物的慾望》主要是討論植物的發展。
她相信植物會察覺環境，並且對之有推理能力。（根據第三段最後一句）
在她的實驗裡，含羞草在拋下的過程中葉子都沒有闔上。
第三段的「whacky」意思可能是什麼？
正常。
奇怪。
令人興奮的。
陰鬱的。
為何 Michael Pollan 在他的書中提到 Monica Gagliano？
他試圖在他的書中證明她是錯的。
她和他對植物的觀點是相似的。
她的實驗是有爭議的，且他打算重做。
他認可她對植物神經生物學全面性了解有貢獻。（根據最後一句，我們其實還不甚了解）
重要字、詞與片語
fanatic n. 狂熱分子 entitle v. 書名為 columnist n. 專欄作家 journalist n. 記者 probe v. 探測 gravity n. 重力 subsequently adv. 隨後 plant neurobiology n. 植物神經生物學 illustrate v. 闡明 mimosa pudica n. 含羞草 curl up 合起來 variable n. 變數 intelligence n. 智商 settle v. 解決 capability n. 能力
Whoever has watched Angela Duckworth’s TED talk would be motivated by her eloquent speech, starting to believe that “I can make the future I wish to have a reality once I work really hard, day in day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years.” That is what this psychologist discovered in many successful people
—
grit. According to Duckworth, it refers to“perseverance and passion for very long-term goals.” To build grit, Duckworth suggests training our growth mindset to be more persistent in response to challenges and failures.
Grit seems adequate enough to answer for what makes a person succeed in the field he or she is interested in, and Duckworth constantly stresses it is the SINGLE attribute that accounts for success in her book. However, if we take a closer look at her book, we will find there are no mediocre or moderately successful people, but winners and survivors in all sorts of highly competitive activities.
Duckworth’s success is limited to those high achievers, whose unusual resilience, hard work, and determination to make them stand out from the rest is defined as grit.
The idea of grit is so appealing that many people pin their hopes on it. As grit is now prevailing among education reformers and parents, more and more public schools start to teach grit, with some even grading kids on grit! It is dangerous to give priority to grit at school and in parenting, however. Imagine an educational environment where other attributes of character such as creativity, thoughtfulness, integrity, courage, etc. are no longer emphasized merely because they are not essential to success. Is it really appropriate to prepare children for personal success only?
Duckworth not only overlooks the actual market for skills and talents, but also ignores the fact that success is achieved with many factors involved. For instance, family background plays a crucial part in one person’s pursuing a dream. Without family’s support and backup, a person can hardly stick to a passion year after year. So, is grit the only contributor to a person’s success?
Why does the author write the passage?
To show admiration for Duckworth and promote grit.
To shed light on why gritty people are more likely to succeed.
To offer a different perspective on the prevalence of emphasizing grit.
To prove the decisive role grit plays in dreaming big.
According to the passage, which of the follwing statements is NOT mentioned?
Duckworth believes grit is the key contributor to a person’s success.
Duckworth thinks that grit has nothing to do with one’s creativity.
Those who are successful in Duckworth’s book all have unyielding spirit.
Grit has taken many parents and education reformers by storm.
According to Angela Duckworth, how can we develop grit?
By shutting down other attributes of character.
By developing creativity, thoughtfulness, integrity, and courage.
By watching her TED talk video and encouraging ourselves all the way.
By training our mindset to persevere whenever running into difficulty.
What can be inferred from the author’s tone?
Grit may probably favor people who have a supportive family.
People with a less privileged social background are doomed to failure.
Grit comes as a beam of hope in terms of shaping a child’s moral character.
Teaching grit at school and grading students with grit should be promoted.
答案： ； ； ； 解析：
任何人看過 Angela Duckworth 的 TED 演說一定會被她的雄辯給激勵，開始相信「我可以讓我希望的未來成 真，只要我真的很努力，日復一日，不是只有一週，也不是一個月，而是數年。」這就是這位心理學家在許多成 功人士上所發現的特質：恆毅力。根據 Duckworth 的說法，恆毅力指的是「長期目標所需的恆心與熱情」。為了 培養恆毅力，Duckworth 建議訓練我們的成長思維，使我們的心態在反應挑戰與失敗時更持之以恆。
恆毅力似乎夠格來說明到底是什麼使一個人在他／她有興趣的領域裡成功。而 Duckworth 不斷在她的書裡強 調這是「唯一」能解釋成功的特質。然而，假若我們更進一步端詳她的書，我們會發現沒有任何普通或一般的成 功人士，而都是在各種高度競爭活動中的佼佼者或是生存者。Duckworth 的成功定義是局限在這些高成就的人身 上，而使他們能比其他人出眾的異常適應力、努力與決心則被定義成是恆毅力。
恆毅力的想法是如此有魅力以致許多人把希望寄託在上面。隨著恆毅力現正盛行於教育改革者與家長間，愈 來愈多公立學校開始教恆毅力，有的甚至根據恆毅力給學生打分數！但學校教育或教養時優先考慮恆毅力這樣的 做法是危險的。想像一下，在一個教育環境裡，其他像是創意、體貼、正直、勇氣等這些特質，只因它們都不是 成功的關鍵而都不再被強調。這樣將孩子預備成只要有個人的成功，真得妥當嗎？
Duckworth 不僅忽略了真實市場中所需的技能與天賦，也忽略了成功是有許多因素牽涉其中這個事實。舉例 來說，家庭背景在一個人追求夢想上就扮演極重要的角色。沒有家庭的支持與支援，一個人是很難年復一年對某 一種熱愛的東西繼續堅持下去的。所以，恆毅力真的是一個人成功唯一的推手嗎？
為何作者寫這篇文章？
為表示對 Duckworth 的景仰與提倡恆毅力。
為了闡明為何有恆毅力的人較容易成功。
對重視恆毅力如此盛行提出另一種觀點。（從第二段起，作者提出 Duckworth 對成功與恆毅力定義其實 是有局限性的。第三段又說恆毅力在教改與教養上的盛行是很危險的。第四段更是說成功不可能只靠恆毅 力，其中家庭背景就可能造就是否能讓人年復一年地築夢，最後提出質疑，反問恆毅力真的是成功的關鍵 嗎？）
要證明恆毅力對遠大夢想所扮演的決定性角色。
根據本文，下列敘述何者沒有提及？
Duckworth 相信恆毅力是一個人成功的關鍵原因。（第二段）
Duckworth 認為恆毅力與一個人的創造力無關。
那些在 Duckworth 書中所提到的成功人士都有堅定不屈的精神。（第二段）
恆毅力風靡父母與教育改革家。（第三段）
根據 Angela Duckworth 的說法，我們該怎麼培養恆毅力？
藉由關閉其他人格特質。
藉由發展創意、體貼、正直與勇氣。
藉由看她的 TED 演說，並一直鼓勵自己。
藉由訓練我們的心態，在每次遭遇困難時能堅持下去。（第一段最後一行）
從作者的口吻中，可推論出什麼？
恆毅力可能利於有支援型家庭的人。（從最後一段倒數第二句中可推論出來）
有較弱勢的社會背景這樣的人註定失敗。
就形塑孩子的道德品格而言，恆毅力是一線希望。
在學校教恆毅力與用恆毅力給學生打分數應該被推崇。
重要字、詞與片語
motivate v. 給予動機、激勵 day in day out adv. / phr. 日復一日 perseverance n. 恆心
mindset n. 思維模式、思想傾向、心態 persistent adj. 堅持的 answer for v. / phr. 解釋、說明 attribute n. 屬性、特性、素質 mediocre adj. 普通的、平庸的 moderately adv. 溫和中庸的
competitive adj. 競爭的 resilience n. 彈性、復原力、超強適應性 appealing adj. 有魅力的、吸引人的 prevail v. 盛行、風行、普遍 reformer n. 改革者 give priority to N v. / phr. 把優先權給 N
integrity n. 正直 overlook v. 忽略
Airbnb is a community-driven hospitality company. It was founded by three college students who rented out three airbeds online with their first guests charged 80 dollars for one piece. Then, the idea of resource sharing came about and in 2008 they set up a room-rental website where people could list, discover, and book different sorts of accommodations. Airbnb community expands very quickly, especially in times when budget airlines spring up like mushrooms, and more travelers tend to choose cheaper lodgings from the Internet. With two million property listings in more than 35,000 cities and 190 countries, the company has become one of the biggest online travel brands in the world.
According to a recent survey released by Airbnb, Airbnb community contributes a great deal to helping reduce environmental footprints around the world. In Europe alone, Airbnb guests consume 78 percent less energy than hotel users; they are 10-15 percent more likely to use public transportation, walk or bicycle as their primary mode of transportation. Up to 79 percent of the Airbnb hosts do the recycling and offer at least one energy efficient appliance to their tenants. Less than half of Airbnb hosts in both North America and Europe provide single-use toiletry products.
Besides, the company also claims that travelling with Airbnb encourages more people to stay longer in cities they visit, suggesting a new model of sustainable tourism.
Nonetheless, with increasing complaints about the services of Airbnb and its hosts, the company is confronting worldwide oppositions, from local housing authority in particular. There have been cases where tenants meet unlawful landlords, or travelers come across troubles like being informed to have an utterly different room or apartment right before arrival, but Airbnb, serving as a platform, is completely free from being held responsible. What makes these worse is that there is very often no corresponding law that can deal with it! The concept of home sharing does put money into the pockets of regular people, spread guests and benefits to more communities like Airbnb and make this new model of travel industry blossom. However, “unconstrained” expansion of such sharing economy may only give rise to more controversies.
Based on the passage, what will be most probably talked about in the next paragraph?
Responses and measures taken to monitor unconstrained rental websites.
Airbnb’s annual earnings and its performances in the stock market over these years.
How conventional hotels transform to fight back against Airbnb.
Contracts of how to be an Airbnb host and rules about how to make profits from Airbnb.
According to the passage, which of the following is true about Airbnb?
It is an online community where people share their daily resources for free.
It is established in 2008 by three college students who couldn’t pay the rent.
It is founded based on sharing and encourages environmental sustainability.
It leads to the growth of budget airlines and sparks a new wave of budget travel.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph?
A study on the environmental benefits of home sharing.
Some statistics that prove how green Airbnb users are.
A new trend of tourism and hospitality industry.
Doubts about the validity of the study and its findings.
According to the passage, why is Airbnb faced with widespread oppositions from the authorities
concerned?Deeply affected, traditional hospitality industry protests to the government.
Conflicts among tenants, hosts, and Airbnb take place and nobody can take charge of them.
The Airbnb community itself has gone astray and become a hotbed of crime.
Neighbors of those who lease the house report the hosts to the authorities.
答案： ； ； ； 解析：
Airbnb 是一家以社群主導的餐旅公司，是由三個大學生創立，他們在網路上出租三張氣墊床，他們的第一批 客人還為每張床付了 80 元的租金。就這樣他們有了資源共享這個想法，在 2008 年建立一個房間出租的網站，讓 人們可以在上面清列、發掘與預約不同種類的住宿房間。Airbnb 社群拓展得非常快速，尤其是在廉價航空如雨後 春筍般冒出、愈來愈多的旅人傾向在網路上選擇便宜住宿的時代。在全球超過 190 個國家、35,000 個城市列有兩 百萬房產的 Airbnb，已成為世界最大的線上旅遊品牌公司之一。
根據最近一份由 Airbnb 發表的調查，Airbnb 社群對減少全球環境影響有很大的貢獻。光是歐洲，Airbnb 的 客人就比飯店的客人少用百分之七十八的能源。他們多出百分之十至十五的可能性會使用大眾運輸、走路或騎腳 踏車當作是主要的運輸模式。高達百分之七十九的 Airbnb 房東會做資源回收，且提供至少一種節能電器給房客。
不管是北美還是歐洲，一半以上的 Airbnb 房東都不會提供單次性使用的盥洗用品。此外，該公司還宣稱，與 Airbnb 一起旅行是鼓勵更多人在他們所參訪的城市裡待更久，而這正是一種新型的永續旅遊業。
儘管如此，由於對 Airbnb 與房東的服務抱怨不斷增加，該公司正面臨全球性的反彈，尤其是來自當地的建物 管理單位。已有很多案例是房客遇到不合法的房東或旅客遇到麻煩，如在抵達前被告知換了一間截然不同的房間 或公寓，而 Airbnb 作為一個平臺是完全免於究責。讓這一切變得更糟糕的是，常常又沒有相對應的法律可以處 理。居家分享的觀念的確讓一般人口袋滿滿，將客源與利益分享出去給更多像 Airbnb 這樣的社群，更造就這種新 的旅遊型態蓬勃發展。然而，這樣的分享經濟沒有任何「約束」一直擴張，可能只會導致更多的爭議。
根據本文，何者最有可能在下一段討論？
監看自由散漫的租賃網站所採取的反應措施。（文章中的第三段一開始就提到一般民眾與各地房屋管理 機關對 Airbnb 的反彈，接著說明原因，是因為 Airbnb 總是能遊走在無法可管的灰色地帶。因此，要讓全文 更有連貫性（coherent），下一段很有可能會接著提出關於類似 Airbnb 這樣的租賃網站無法可管是否有解套 方式或相關措施，以保障消費者。）
Airbnb 的年收入與近年在股市上的表現。
傳統飯店如何轉型以對抗 Airbnb。
要變成 Airbnb 房東的合約與關於從 Airbnb 中獲取利潤的規則。
根據本文，下列關於 Airbnb 何者正確？
它是一個線上社群，人們可免費分享他們的日常資源。
它是由三個付不起房租的大學生於 2008 年創立的。（文中未提及「付不起房租」）
它基於分享而創立，它倡導環境永續性。（見第一段與第二段）
它導致廉價航空的成長，與廉價旅遊的風潮。（廉價航空的成長並不是 Airbnb 造成的，倒是 Airbnb 的成 長與廉航興起有關。）
下列何者沒有在第二段中被提到？
一個關於房屋分享對環境帶來益處的研究。
一些證明 Airbnb 使用者是很環保的數據。
旅遊業與餐飲業的新趨勢。
對於該研究與其結果的正當性有所質疑。
根據本文，為何 Airbnb 面臨廣泛的反對？（根據最後一段）
傳統餐飲業因深受影響而向政府抗議。
承租者、出租者與 Airbnb 常發生衝突而又無人可負責。
Airbnb 社群本身已走偏，變成犯罪的溫床。
那些將屋子出租出去的人，他們的鄰居向主管機關舉報。
重要字、詞與片語
community n. 社群 hospitality n. 好客、殷勤、招待；在此指餐飲 charge v. 索價
come about v. / phr. 產生 accommodation n. 房間 budget airline 廉價航空 spring v. 突然湧現 environmental footprint 環境足跡，指的是對環境的影響 transportation n. 運輸 appliance n. 家用電器 tenant n. 租戶、房客 toiletry adj. 盥洗的 sustainable adj. 永續性的 opposition n. 反對
authority n. 當局、機構 landlord n. 地主、房東 sb. be held responsible v. / phr. 怪罪 sb.；要 sb. 負責 corresponding adj. 相對應的 unconstrained adj. 自由散漫的、沒有限制的、不受拘束的 controversy n. 爭議
第貳部分：非選擇題（占 28 分）
說明：本部分共有二題，請依各題指示作答，答案必須寫在「答案卷」上，並標明大題 號
（一、二）。作答務必使用筆尖較粗之黑色墨水的筆書寫，且不得使用鉛筆。
一、中譯英（占
8分）
說明： 請將以下中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文，並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。
請依序作答，並標明子題號。每題 4 分，共 8 分。
一個高中生學會表達自己對社會議題的見解是很重要的。
答案：It is that / a high school student (should) learn to / express his / her own / on social issues.
然而，可惜的是許多青少年寧願跟隨群眾，也不要自己組織資訊並獨立思考。
答案：However, it is a pity that / most teenagers would rather follow the crowd / than organize information on their own / and think independently.
二、英文作文（占 20 分）
說明： 依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。
文長至少 120 個單詞（words）。
提示︰有人說，學習不應該侷限在學校教室裡。請寫一段短文，文分兩段，第一段敘述你在學 校教室外的學習經驗，並在第二段說明你認為在學校教室裡學習成效好，還是在學校教 室以外？並說明原因。
答案：
Last summer vacation, I took part in a study tour in the U.K. Besides regular language classes, I was also given many extracurricular activities. Compared with activities I’m used to doing in Taiwan, activities held by the British people focused more on developing the independence of the participants. We were once left alone at the entrance of the Lake District, told where the information center was, some tips for emergency aid, and that was all! Without making any preparation in advance, I, along with the other teenagers from different countries, had no idea what to do next. Luckily, any gadget that could connect us to the Internet came in handy. Communicating in English, we worked together to make a trip plan and successfully went hiking nearby. Surely, we were also savoring one of the most splendid, picturesque rural landscapes in Britain.
In terms of learning efficiency, it is recognized that learning from a lecturer in a classroom is indeed more “efficient”
than learning out of the classroom. Knowledge has been organized by the teacher and what I have to do is just take notes, understand, and internalize. However, activities such as the aforementioned are actually more impressive because they provide me with the very opportunities to put what I have learned at school into practice in a real world. Thus, based on my personal experience, learning out of the classroom is more “effective” than listening to a lecturer at school since we do make what we learn a reality. In conclusion, I agree “learning should not be con fined to school classroom,” and that students should be encouraged to engage in various learning activities out of school.
