– 353 – ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

(1)

!"

# $% &' **()*+**

,- + .

/+

# 0+

12+

3,4

5 1

4 ,7

9:

/+

;<

0+

=<

>

5 2 7

# $ %& '$( )*+,

- ./ 0 15

02 1436

; 340, ./

- 02 06 1436

@A 56 :

78 9*

6:

;(#:

9 )<0 =*>:

?$@$A(

; BC( D E:F GH =4I ,

J4K =((L MN O(,

B( 9 PQ '$&H(

50NR S9T UV W: *4(X )R Y$4J( Z[, ,@$@\ )*H ] =4J )<0 )*>: ;(#: ^$_ `(a $_

: ,O(

)<0 /N ,'_( ,c#a( ,G\

/$N 5d =4J W:

269 , fgh

$@$AK 9*

, _: <i8,

?$Hjk 5d /$N l:

27 MN O( 4I

9 PQ '$&H( J4K =((L

?$@$A(

m nC(/ + R W: op,

\K B(

5 9* >$8 :

i, - GA

=*>:

9 )<0

?$@$A(

: ,G\

'_( ,c#a(

, qp o8 W:

+ R

=((L B(

4J )<0 50NR

=

?$@$A(9

@$@\ )*H :

=cfr(

- $qs PQ ,9 i,, t

@$A( '9 u D B( =V%

B m -, 9* PQ nC(V <A 'K

'_K

>/: =$\( W: N :

9, *H j(9 MN =4J v*( q( D

- @$@\ _J w(p

, x>(V, 9 '$&HK /N y#4 w9T ,?$@$A(

4, =cfr(, =V% WN B(

'9 u D m

C.

D

<

'>a: BC_

, )<0 ,?$@$A(9

,=((L v(p ,

` D

$C(

m

_________________________________________________________________________

________

The Reading Level of Illustration included in Science Textbook for Fifth Grade Students in Saudi Arabia

Lina Al-Rewaili⁽¹⁾, and Sozan Omar⁽²⁾ Minstry of Edcation, Saudi Arabia

(Received 07/12/2014; accepted 22/03/2015)

Abstract: The current study aimed to determine the fifth Grade student skills of reading illustrates included in science textbook, as well as identifying the distractors related to designing these illustrates which obstruct the students to read them properly. The researcher applied the test instrument of open essay type questions to measure the skill of: recognizing, description, interpretation and assessment for a sample consisting of (269) students who read three illustrates, and conducted an interview with sample of them (27 students) to recognize the distractors related to the designing of these illustrates. The study results showed that there are poor levels in illustrated drawing reading skills: description, interpretation, and assessment. The most important distractors which obstructed the students from reading theses illustrate properly were: Art impacts of these illustrate and elements which don’t serve these illustrates. In the light of the above results, the researcher provided some recommendations, such as training the students on using the images and illustrates properly in science textbooks, as well as create simple designs of illustrates and they should be free of crowded elements and impacts which don’t serve the illustrates.

Key words: Reading comprehension, Reading illustrates, Distractors, Elementary level, Science textbooks.

___________________________________

______________________________________

________

1

&:

, '$( )*+

,

# $ %&

)i ,

# $ %&

, w ! 132766 z{ |: ,

21382 (1) Teacher, the Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box (132766) , Postal Code: (21382)

~,% { :

llr.22@hotmail.com e-mail:

2 [(9R N#:

'#_ , E*( I, n / 9 Z :i ,$ $p ,

(2) Assistant. Professor, Curriculum and Instruction Dept., College of

(2)

*E w(%

*

*H /: &(# zQ

,K:: vJ

>6 WN {K B( 7,T )T

;(

n>/

K Y$_ @V 6K, K, m

j(#,

w(%

4$9R *

N/(:

N -

$AK,

(

,$a d gX W: P c,

$a - /&(

*H ,?$@$A( 9,

YC_ WN c4(

'$ a, *%6T, ,

3 ?(, '$( B($&N '

$N6, fR _ R, `A, hpR m

)<_, ,BC_ '>a $&/K - 6 fR *H

>($T - T WN c4(

,*%6

$`

ch: K

K

?&/

B =*> W:

)*>&p :r( c%a(

BN c4(,

,

m2006

N#K, *H

?$@$A( 9, %L U =q9 &V MN

,E0 m2003

6A8 3$H@( MN fT

(6 ,

m2007

*|s ;,

)<0 oR 1994

)+ MN N#K )*H )*_

MN 3\(

m p,

z

9 j(9 oR 2004

?$@$A(

'>#

,$/ Q 4 '$ a W%K -

|, W:

$6

?( wgJ ,'

' N#, w$(9D, '>a MN

|$$&(, m

N#K,

?$@$A( 9 * MN

_

,4 '$ a W%K, z4 c%a(, '(, '$( B($&N $N6 )+ - '>#

a , m2008

>K, 9 $R

?$@$A(

>@$AK W:

K, ,/ - :_ =: '$/K, =0g 3 Ha

4H *%6T WN &>: =:: l& ,R

Ametller & Pinto, 2002; Michelle, 2008

m

)a(9g, 9, *H W:

?$@$A(

v(% )6(

,$9*

q( D W: D

CHF

*H a(j

;

p MN fK w$(9

)*H _/ 9

(Ametller & Pinto, 2002

6 j(9 oT

'>9T,

Y6K ,`T

3XK, t

=V%

$_$_

,|:, y$#K,

<

MN t

=q%

,R ,*H

$\,

=c#aK

,$a n:,

*\

)N - )*\

)`, y_6 f(9

MN )<0 , '>6

*H

(Styliaiduo & Ormerod,

2002; Cook, 2011)

m pR, B/

lL,

~&L,

)N: 2012

'$&H(

, T o

?$@$A( =:, _6

9 wgJ W%&($

<0 W:

3%L

$@\

m 5/$ , 3$L$: 9*

Michelle, 2008

oR '>6 MN wgJ N# : + R

?$@$A( 9 >(49/:, oT U/K

!H/, ,=Jj

?$@$A(

,'9 4`H

*H $0, )N:, m

p[, P¡g:+, o#V:

Manson, Pluchino, Tornatora, & Ariasi, 2013

WR4:

K v &>:

6 9, *H -

(3)

$9* v(% - /&(

: R o 3&LK

*H 9,

?$@$A(

[ =V% y_6

= 0g ,

oR, o%K

'Cg o% - / 4`H =*4

40, : W

)*H

$@

>: 3:%(K

; WR4 WQ 6K o, ,

9, *H &K W: i Y_@( W

?$@$A(

$9* v(% - m

9* =*kR,

*

xca$ ,

Reid & Beveridge, 1986

oR n:

*H l:

/

3&K MN 5$(LK wgJ

,[

z

;(#

;VT '8 $`

30R )*0 MN n:

=:

-

/

,?$@$A(9, i@ ,

|&

W:

50 )<_

,?$@$A(9 q/$

ip 9* nC(V =*kR

Kalyuga, 2007

oR

wgJ 30T )*0 oV, 3\( l: 3pL: W:

?Ba o,$a(#$9

hpR W:

wgJ ,[

z )*_

$ - )<0

?$@$A(9 m

* 9* 5H_K,

,

Ryoo & Linn, 2014

6g(XD

=

S$4 &$&HK '(

: yC9 *\ =c#aK </

c6K 3 _: $p

wgJ

/p v`H:

yC9 ,

$R 9* =>¢R, '$&HK

S$

'(

*H )<_ wgJ $( q ] y$Jj(, / , * gX W: / <

(collaborative

discourse)

m

;, B J

9, *H oR 2001

?$@$A(

$a d ork rk x(

v*(

)<_

, ,>/: d '>6, (

ZQ '$K Bd4/

<0 =*>: vJ

m pK, n`

, &N Bh

J g(: $R 2014

*H )<0 =*>: v

N#(

, $ c%a( =(#: $&/K MN l9K,

,p*:

*0 i, )$ G0: l: 3:( MN m

,c:*,R, ,$/$(9 ;,

(Stylianidou &

Ormerod, 2002)

wgJ oR i@

'>#*(

G$p

9 o¡_

Bp L( &(@ w49T 4/(

,£

6A8 i

&

*

= H iK B(

gJ w *H )<0 /N

Ametller & Pinto, 2002

m

0, 5,/K ^$0 =9* W:

(#:

= 9, *H )<0

?$@$A(

;

wgJ -

$9* v(%

m _6 56 9*

*|s

>: '_K 78 1994

)<0 )*

)*H w(p - /&(

¤*(

/N ;(#:

G\

− c#a(

− '_(

;

zVh ,T GH wgI 56 , F

9*

_#N

78 2002

'_K

?$@$A( 9 w(p -

,T GH BC( D

'#/K D B( 9 ,

( =(#:, ;(@, O T l:

&

, , B(

D

¥A |$&(K ,

$0 c, ,

vVi 78

`+D N R4: l: '#/K D B( 9 m

q/$

56 9*

z

^$_ 2004

)<0 =(#:

(4)

?$@$A( 9 )*H S9T - 6K ;:,

% v(

` =V@(:, N

m 56 ,

* 9 a 78 2008

O0 9 ¦4K* MN

?$@$A(

w(p - /&(

/(d $&s

<|s

,T GH ~h BC( D ^* O R W: 3%

,($R, P(, O(,

,>($0,, >(49/: MN

, §/N N, >(6hp, , V%:, ,>`A,, =(#: ,

=*>:

)<0 )*H

O(

−

− : |$:, c#a(

/&(

- S9R

BC>/ *4(XD m

@ , B/

P¡g:+, - 2012

9 y9( ~h GH wgI )<0 $a$p

?$@$A(

?J w(p - 0J UA: -

*

%& - h`

, ( J4K 3:, 9 '$&H

,?$@$A(

wgJ 50NR B(

WN 9 ZK )<0

@$@\ )<0 m

, 56 9*

n`

&N Bh,

78 2014

^$0 *H )<0 =*>:

/&(

-

3H6 ) 0J, w(%

* 3Ha

y9( ~h GH ,T m

.G H!

: cLK

=9*

? 78

~K )<0 =*>:

*H

?$@$A( 9,

; wgJ

,*|s

; 1994

,a m2008

5\K, nC(V

9*

B/

WX¨, 78 2012

wgJ )<0 - GA i,

?$@$A( 9 /&(

GH v(p -

y9( ~h ,

50NR B( 3: + R W: op,

0

<

'

?$@$A( 9 :

,`+D i,,

,=((L !H/ _V,

?$@$A(

m

=>¢R,

9*

n`

, &N Bh K,aK 2014

=*>: -

y9( ~h GH =4I ; *H )<0 m

V,

>f@(9 'K B( )s =*_: q(ND A n /: JK U,.: W&A , =$

%& - $$4J MN

( W: c4p <|i '_K

$@$AK 9* S$ MN B&

,

>K i

$R 78

9 )<0 =*>: ^$0

?$@$A(

,>$6 /&(

9 '$&H( J4K =((L MN O(,

?$@$A(

B(

@$@\ )*H <0 Y$K m

*IJ K H!

: O©

@4 78 O(

=*>: ;(#: MN

9 )<0

?$@$A(

E:F GH =4I ;

,BC( D O0,

' R MN

=44#

=((L

9 PQ '$&H( J4K

?$@$A(

Y$K B(

,@$@\ )*H ] =4J )<0 -

w(p

^* - *_

# $ %& - $:%

m

LJ H!

:

#

@4

$Kª # WN i«

:

1

− 9 )<0 =*>: ;(#: :

(5)

- BC( D E:F GH =4I ; ?$@$A(

? w(p 2 − 9 '$&H( J4K =((L :

4J )<0 Y$K B( ?$@$A(

?@$@\ )*H ] =

MJ H!

: v#(%

Q

@4 ($R W:

vVs

$Kª :

1

− - v(% N8 MN &C_ N# 0

MN 3&, 9 PQ - G, )_ ¦_V 6:

>/$#

m 2 wgJ v*K 78 & q( ?iK−

?$@$A( 9 )<0 MN m

3

− N#K n /: JK U,.: MN &C_

9 '$&HK =((L: zaK MN , =$A

=i, o8 >(s:, ?$@$A(

m

-*N H!

:

(0 Q

@4 )*>: ;(#: ^$0 MN :

'_( ,c#a( ,G\ ,O(

, fgf )<0 /N

?$@$AK 9*

|$a =cd( 3H6 - /&(:

$C

E:F GH w(p W: )q $C$&$%, , >(4I - BC( D

gX * 3Ha

W: ~h

−1434

F 1435

"' H!

:

*, - Q

@4 N W:

,=@JH q$6,

G(

BCi

] :

O z >6 :

, 2004

!

r 31

:

+:, %kT, ¦JF c4K

,R =$&N ,R *%6T J#4

`R $&N ¢ ,R

,R =V, ®4:, V0, N0 ,R '$ a: ,R

¯ =V%:, v$pK ,R =0gN

<

)(° )*\ - :

a 4#/ *:T PQ '>6, *8 ±$K, 3>#K

² m

P) QR OK,

r : 3p :

*, W: w(% - +:*

=0g, '$ a, YC_, *%6T WN {K )(° _J

: H_

³

W%´

: W: '(

`g &9 ,R )*H ;( G\,,

,?$@$A(

W: & : x(/(9, ,&: c#aK,

=0gN, '$0, *%6R, '$ a:

,$ ,R $/6 c:,

gp 78 >, ³ y4K :, =V% PQ <N(9, w(%: ,R J/:

² ,a ,2008

! m53

OK,

P) QR

r : 9 MN O( MN '( )*0

?$@$A(

>a\,, , V%:, ,

W: & : '>6,

µo:

,&: c#aK, *%6R, =0gN, '$$_K,

'9 W: (/(# =:

m

GOO

A, : o,X¨, B/

, 2012

! =((L H_ 81

B , :

ZK d u D B( <|iT ,R =V%

(6)

opR <9 ,9 5A, iR W: zQ 5$(L(

W: d u D ;XR =V%: i 3h&(

Vi MN |$p R ,'9 w#` MN &>: c v

)*H $q J4K: 5Vp ,R ,>/: ' R vVi

g lAp m

P) QROK,

r : u D B( =V% B

0N8 MN 3&K, B@$A( '9 '(

K<0 </fR

?$/6, $ =V%: - 3h&(K, ,9

)*H

XR =V%: ,R g ,R rp

; m

S TU QR4 H!

:

'K ,BN/ Ba\ n>/ G$¢K zQ

&(

MN l

, ,=q% ,R ,=V$4

>$

_J

,op*L pQ B( ~ MN |$p l: $C_(9 G\

){: d $&

m

VW H!

T>4 :

PQ]

9*

,o&(

c l&( ,T z.

- 3h´, v(p

`&

$C( D )*_

-

,%&

Z[, o%

w(%

zQ 'K /N$

W:

#9 :%(:

=*\

W:

>i

;)`,

~h, l&(

- 3h´, z.

=4I GH

E:F BC( D

-

%&

m 5h´, vJ w(p - 7,T @4 /$N

, ,BC( D E:F GH

9 -

?$@$A(

$C|$a =c$d( 3H6 - /&(

;$C$&$%, :R

/$N - 5h&(6 .4 @4

=4I

GH E:F BC( D

6@&

,G$aN ¶4

W N

$ )*8 =$CH`8 Y6, 4I 317

G$aN 6@& '$(,

*

−1434

, 1435

¶ , N BC>/ /$

4I 269

, 5d ,

_ /$N

4I 27

'K W *$(X

$CLN W:

/$ =4I m

4-J H!

: 'K j(9

KR l&s

=V$4 -

Q

,@4

, :

*4(X ,z

_,

$HjL m

q$6,

·r G\, 3%

W:

K

KT m

O!X#

Y O, :

o%(

fgf W:

9*

|$a =cd( 3H6 W: *$(X 'K $@$AK

$C

w(p - )q $C$&$%, ,

*R >/: 3p MN,

S9R W:

T UV S9

$_

,`(a ^$_ Z[,

;(#:

)*>:

: ,O(

,'_( ,c#a( ,G\

0, c(X

= PQ

?$@$A(9

p '$ a: 3h´

, #$C*

{K WN

=0gN =::,

?$&$ a:

m 4,

,s T 1

S9 MN 3p '9*

3%, )*>:

m 'K qp

N8 *4(Xg Ba $@HK Z

,i ,2

Z[,

9 WN i«

@4

,T m

(7)

Z4*Q 5 F71 LJ

!X#

E [E K

&\4 ]D4

^,E4

F

LJ

Z_

^ K (

&\

]D

^,E

'9 B@$A(

zN ,T fgf

%kR a(°

W:

?'9 Ba\

: {K /N '>9T -

MNR

?3%L :

a

=4%

fgh

-

?'9 [:

B/

Z '>#

zQ -

3a9R

?3%L

'9 B@$A(

zN ~h fgf

%kR a(°

W:

?'9 Ba\

<|s o

*+T -

?'9 :

0gN i*

)*

@

<

-

?'9 [:

`

<q /N i*

?¸100

'9 B@$A(

h zN fgf

%kR -

?'9 Ba\

Na(

- MN ?'9 [:

'>#

i -

GH(/:

G$p ?'9 o%(

?<

Z4*Q 5 F72

`N a' (bD

!X#

*

!c

&'

$%

()*+#

1'd ]O2 O),eD O).4

-C F

Z!E

5 7 2 Z!E

()eQ 5 7 1 fd

5 7 0

O(

>K 4J )*0 MN O(

MN l$

=V%:

'9 B@$A(

$&#K, l$

KV%:

, zR

*0 MN K MN 30T l *R ,R hpR W:

=V%:

'9 B@$A(

m

>K 4J )*0 MN O(

MN t

=V%:

'9 B@$A(

$&#K, t

,KV%:

zR *0 MN K

/f ,R hpR

− MN

30T

− W:

=V%:

'9 B@$A(

m

>K 4J N )*_

,R GA - O(

MN

=V%:

'9 B@$A(

, GA, -

$&#K K,

=V%:

'9 B@$A(

m

G\

>K 4J )*0 MN G$¢K d _J

&$9 l$J(#K W:

]gX c4(

WN 3$\aK

'9 B@$A(

_J

$a

@A,

&$9,

$&N, m

>K 4J )*0 ),

MN G$¢K d

_J

&$9 l$J(#K W:

]gX c4(

WN

3$\aK '9 B@$A(

_J

$a

@A,

&$9,

$&N, m

>K 4J )*0 a$A c,

$6p MN G$¢K

d _J

&$9 l$J(#K W:

]gX c4(

WN

3$\aK '9 B@$A(

_J

$a

@A,

&$9,

$&N, m

c#a(

>K 4J )*0 MN

8

=0gN

§/N

'9 B@$A(

,

4H,

- y *

=0g l:

>

-

*I8

`, m

>K 4J )*0 ),

MN

8

=0gN

§/N '9 B@$A(

,

4H,

,

- y *

=0g l:

>

-

*I8

`, m

>K 4J )*0 a$A c,

$6p MN

8

=0gN

§/N '9 B@$A(

,

4HK, c

)*0 MN y *

=0g l:

>

- I8

*

`, m

'_(

>K 4J )*0 MN

< 8

©R*

_J

@A,

49/:,

#

, W:

gX 6:

vVi

*H_

- '9 B@$A(

_J _$0

@A,, m

>K 4J )*0 ),

MN

< 8

©R*

_J

@A, 49/:,

#

, ZQp 6:

),

vV

*H_

- 9 ' B@$A(

m

>K 4J )*0 a$A MN

< 8

©R*

_J

@A, 49/:,

#

, ZQp 6:

c

$6p

vV

*H_

- '9 B@$A(

m

+E :'AG W:

UV 4k ,W/_

, 5V%K

W:

#K S9R

*#a(9g 3%L

Y&NR

`

= i8

WN =4J S9R

*4(XD O³ ,z@(

O(

9 '$&H( J4K =((L MN

?$@$A(

B(

0 Y$K ] =4J )<0 ,

Z[, 9 WN i«

~h 9*

m 5N+K, 5Vp $@ _ S9R

:

*R 6 LK :N S9R

>$

?$@$A( 9

, ,fgh

#¹ - 3h&(K \X S9R

9 N W '9

(8)

,T B@$A(

,

9,

N W B@$A( '9

,~h 9, WN

h B@$A( '9 m

g*\

!X#

+E4 Y , :

'K z H W: pr(

*4(Xg Z,

(

$@H Ba q>A

q>$K*\ -

$,T MN

/ - H(j &%@ W: N&

I, n

)*> S9T ¦4K* ^$_ Z[, , E*K ,>9$0

¥A,, ,$9* `& S9T

9 *$(X,

?$@$A(

O] ^$_ >(:<g:,

<i8 'K =>$i( <A -, ,iR W: 5A, zQ

&%@ >$N lR B( =g(

o 78 \

)*H C>/

$ m

qp 'K _ S9T z H W: pr(

'>C*º k9g H(j MN >A //_ 4k

>($&k, S9T orL ,

zQ O] >(0gN,

iT 5A, ,

'K,

<i8 R B( =g(

l

>$N m

!h

!X#

Y , :

'K pr(

W:

=4f

*4(XD

^$_

: 3:

=4h S9T

*4(XD j(9

:

*p

−

,o9*L(*

zQ

¶ ,0.83

, 3::

=4f

laK:

MN oR

*4(XD l(&(

i*

49/:

W:

=4h EV(, R

,'k m 1424

'K, Y_@(

W:

=4f

#KD

X ,*4(Xg

;:,

¦4K*

=_a l:

>

,t4 pr(, W:

N 3X(

,>/$

»

3::

¦4K*

o9c

3p )_6

i*,

$%

l$&s , T

A,

,s

3

'$0

¦4K*

o9c aK 3%

)_6 l:

)*>

m

Z4*Q 5 F73

^ i j!U#

1.

V Z_

F

K

&\

]D

^,E

^

^ 1

j!U#

^

^ 1

j!U#

^

^ 1

j!U#

^

^ 1

j!U#

1 0.615

1

0.533 1

0.682 1

0.537

2 0.743

2

0.670 2

0.498 2

0.715

3 0.605

3

0.630 3

0.492 3

0.731

QR H!

:

5´

i:

wT z

=*>& y4K

)<0

*H N

)R 7,T @4

)<0 *4(X

*H , 'f ,K4f, 0\ W: pr( 'K, 'K

_$4JK MN

=4J /$N

@4 =cd( 3Ha '>(9* 340

)q $C$&$%, $C|$a m

, 4(9

*,T B(

R t WN i '( ¼ 9

>(S

*4(XD 0*, - ,

'K

$@HK *4(XD j(9

Ba $@H( Z

, 'f

(9)

NHK *,T v$KK 'K

>&$#_K, =i* v#`

D ,=N& gh

*$(X $CLN _ /$N

, 3h&(

/$ 6R =(#: l$

m *$(X 'K,

~qf

=4I W:

VT ;(#

, , 4I 12

W:

;(#

,y9(

l49,

=4I W:

;(#

,MNT nC(V 3$ 'K 'f

*4(XD w#@

= i« =*%(

Y6, Z

nC(V 3$ 'K qp ,)*>: 3p S9T $@H(

_

>daK w#@

*%(

= S v#/,

Y6, Z[, _ S9R WN =4J = i

(#:

,W 'f 'K L0/:

=$\( '_K, nC(/

m

f >

=)k H!

G4 :

i«

WN

9 9*

,T : O O

* O!c

&'O

$OOO%

()*OOO+#

1'OOOd ]OOO2 OOO),eD

).4 -C

'K?

$@HK

= i8

6R ,/$

_6, Z@

$@H(

Ba

>a$/HK,

78 : i8 4_:

,$p i8 ,$C|i4_:

i8,

A6:

m ,

\*

,=i*

'K w#`

=*%(

= i«

- 3p )*>:

w#`, v#/

S ] m

A,

,s nC(V 4

w#(p

=4I GH

E:F BC( D

=*>:

0 )<

?$@$A(9 :

,O(

,G\

,c#a(

'_(

m

Z4*Q 5 F74

=)k $% &' !c

+Qm

1 . 7%5 0 269 2

. 7%5 0 269 3

. 7%5 0 269 .U +Qm

1.

0 807

7%5 .U

+Qm

!E 1.

0 7%5 807

4_:

p 299

85.1 218

81.0 248

92.2 695

86.1

4_:

BC|i 30

11.2 36

13.4 16

5.9 82

10.2 777

96.3

K A6:

10 3.7 15

5.6 5

1.9 30

3.7 30

3.7

4_:

p 5

1.9 5

1.9 4

1.5 14

71.

4_:

BC|i 212

78.8 110

40.9 125

46.5 447

55.4 461

57.1 &\

A6:

52 19.3 154

57.2 140

52.0 346

42.9 346

42.9

4_:

p 15

5.6 24

8.9 4

1.5 43

5.3

4_:

BC|i 115

42.8 60

22.3 130

48.3 305

37.8 348

43.1

]D A6:

139 51.7 185

68.8 135

50.2 459

56.9 459

56.9

4_:

p 6

2.2 16

5.9 13

4.8 35

4.4

4_:

BC|i 23

8.6 123

45.7 135

50.2 281

34.8 316

39.2 ^,E

A6:

240 89.2 130

48.3 121

45.0 491

60.8 491

60.8

(10)

½`g W:

,s nC(V 4

= i8

=4J

4_

-

=*>:

)<0

?$@$A(9 :

,O(

,G\

,c#a(

,'_(

4(, oR MNR )*>:

B

)*>:

;O(

$`

¶ N

= i

4_

9 fgh i8 695

W:

U&

¾8

= i8

,=4J 4#/

S:

5d

%86.1

, 6A8 78

82

i8 4_:

$C|i 4#/

S:

*0

%10.2

,

U&&

i8 777

4_:

4#/

%96.3

, 3 _:

i8 30

A6:

4#/

S:

%3.7

,

MN

w#(p

=4I GH

E:F BC( D

)*>:

O(

m qp

(

W:

,s oR 4

30R

=*>

_$_

B )*>:

'_(

U&&

i8 316

:

i8 4_:

$C|i4_:, 4#/

5d

%39.2

,

MN N w#(p

=4I GH

E:F

BC( D )*>:

'_(

m

qp

A

,s

*%K 4

= i8

=4J

WN S9R

>:

·*

G\

c#a(,

?$@$A(9

,fgh

$`

¶

*%K

= i

:

i8 4_:

$C|i4_:, 3%

)*>:

MN v$K :

i8 461

4#/

%57.1

, , i8 348

4#/

%43.1

,

MN GA w#(p

=4I GH E:F BC( D

K*>&

G\

#a(, c m

W:, nC(/

-

,s

½`g 4

oR v$KK w#(p

=4I GH E:F BC( D

=*>

)<0

?$@$A(9

<i

¾(p : )*>:

O(

-

4K 7,T 4#/

%96.3

,

>(K )*>:

G\

-

4K

$Vh 4#/

%57.1

-

`

=<i )*>:

c#a(

- 4K hh 4#/

%43.1

, -, 4K

)cXT

=<i )*>:

'_(

4#/

m%39.2

cL

78 i, GA -

=*>:

)<0

?$@$A(9

,G\

,c#a(

'_(

, Ya(K, PQ

$(/

l:

nC(V

*|s B( 1994

=>¢R AajV

- PQ

=*>

; wgI 4I,

= GH

,T zVh m

Ya(K, PQ RnC(/

l:

nC(V 9*

a

2008

B(

=>¢R

aA - )*>:

)<0

?$@$A(9

; wgI GH

~h ,BC( D nC(V,

9*

B/

Cg:+, B( 2012

5\K 78

i,

GA - )<0 wgI GH

~h y9(

9

?$@$A(

/&(

- v(p , q/$

5a(X PQ

$(/

l:

$(V 9*

n`

&N Bh, W: 2014

$`

v$KK w#(p

=*>:

)<0

*H

;

=4J -

)*>:

G\

c#a(, '_(,

m

i«, WN

9 9*

~h : GO

"!U

^'+

O

(O oOU O

OO!"

OOp 'OO+

'K?OO\

3$

= i8

=4J WN

S9R _ 4k //_

Y6,

=(#:

(11)

=4J B(

5´

W>( _:

,s

−5

m8

A

,s nC(V 5

= i8

=4J WN

¾9 _ MN

'9 B@$A(

,T 3%k zQ 1

A

=cd(

-

` ) Y6, W i*

m

1.q :1

^ ( Z4r

5 ]2

<

- 7

Z4*Q 5 F75 +Qm .4 ,L s

!"

0>

t_

Z4r ( ^ +E F

>W

!"

od4 ,

Z_

-*>

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

7%5 -*>

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

"

7%5 -*>

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

wk-r 7%5 uW uk4 +Qm

+E . 7%5

m1 3 G(u '>9T B(

6 5, '9 WN

>

?

?[,

= i87

@$@\

%100 8 o( i o(@$@\

%16.6

= i810 c

4_:

%83.4 i8

@$@\

%12.5

= i87 c

4_:

%87.5

= i810

@$@\

29.62

% i817 c

4_:

70.37

%

m2 : v4#

- Og(X o

'>9T

6 '9 WN o

'>9T 5

?'9

= i87

@$@\

%100

= i86

@\

@$

%50

= i86 c

4_:

%50 o( i8 o(@$@\

%25

= i86 c

4_:

%75 i815

@$@\

55.55

% i812 c

4_:

44.44

%

{ 3%L WN 1

'9 B@$A(

,T

=cd(

-

` ,)

>K,

= i8

=4J i,

=6g(X Y6,

;(#:

4J

= m

A

,s

5

oR 4#V

70.37

% W:

/$N _

$%

5Vp i8 WN

9 _

,T c

,4_:

$`

5 iR t

=4J oR

&>#

6 '9 ogh&

: Gh%(

,&(, '>9T,

fgh 5

'9 3h´

:

*>HVD

j4(, i*, ,)*

cL OK

=4J

(12)

MN oR '>9T J

5

'9

*>HVD

j4(, ,y_6 3 oR0

>:

'>9 i*

)*

zQ

op O]

W:

Pi, - '9

P

UaK*

ajV, i*

)*

R, m W:

= i

c

4_

a

'>9T -

PD ,y_6

i*R, W - RQ '>9 i*

,)*

VT ,[

9R*

,#p(:

-

`

;|N t4 Og(XD

'>9T

$(V Og(XD i*

;)*

-, 3 _

5d 4#V W:

W4iR i8

@$@\

29.62

m%

W%&, x(/(9 oR

`+D -

§/N '9

B@$A(

v4#

E$C - N )<0

=4J

'9 B@$A(

,T 3%k 3%L 1

,$@\

'*

oR _ 5iR 9*

3H6

=cd(

$C|$a

$C$&$%, ,)q

D8 oR )hp '>9T -

'9

B@$A(

=R

`+D ,'9

N, )*0

=4J

MN

|$$&(

=DD ,'>9T

' 9 - 0N8

)<0 J

=4

=[

=i*

VT J9(,

,'9 ?'fW:,

fR MN )*>:

G\

i*

;7,T

T

;`8

=(#

*,À

&>, )<_

9

,?$@$A(

3 o8

$_

=(#

&(K MN

;:

6K

Q

;(#

; ,=4J BJ$6

G\

Á:

; '>6

=4J 9

?$@$A(

:, &

W:

*%6R '$ a:,

=0gN, ,=$&N,

N, W%´

=4J W:

§/

J -

'9 v4#

,`+D f

- W%´

4J W:

)N8

$\

K,

'9 B@$A(

:, /&(

W:

§/N

=V%:,

W:

?4d 78 d

$a )*H ,@$@\

W:,

?'f f

- c#aK

§/N '9 B@$A(

\,

78

=i(/(9 Y(K

3$\a(

'9

8, 0g

,P§/N

49f

- )*0

=4J MN

< 8 W©R*

- ,'9 Q , : PpR z

zQ 2004

*kR

78

$R

;(#:

G\

c#a(, -

<JN8

:

Á '>a

wgJ ,?$@$A(9

-

`

¼ f

`+

'9 -

= i8

=4J

=,[

=i*

,aK

cL 78 oR 3$H@(

8f

-

=*>:

)<0

=4J

?$@$A(9 m

=pR,

=9*

&(>

)<_

*H

?$@$A(9, oR

i, 3X - K '$&H 9

?$@$A(

W:

Vrk oR 3_

W:

;(#:

)<0 wgJ

,9 '>&>6,

; DD

$`

=*kR 9*

*|s

78 1994

i, ajV -

;(#:

wgI

=4I,

GH

,T zVh B(6@&

$ d

$6/, -

)*>:

)<0

*H /N

;(#:

: ,G\

,c#a(,

_(, ' m 5/$ , 9*

_#N i, 2002

`+

- %17.1

W:

*H ,9, oR,

Q

`+D

z

78 nC(V

$#%N o%, ]

*, 3J:

- )<0

(13)

wgJ ,?$@$A(9

=>¢R, 9*

a

oR 2008

ajV c:

9 -

N:

R4

`+D z

78 GA - :

=*>

,O(

c#a(

|$:, ,:

5@A,, 9*

B/

WX¨,

oR 2012

`+

9

=V%&

)chp z

78

0N8 )<0 wgJ

?$@$A(9 m

(, W:

,s oR 5

4#V

44.44

% W:

/$N _ 5Vp W i8 c

4_:

WN

#

~h

'9 B@$A(

,T 3%k

;1

$`

5N/K

,W i8 t46

W4iR oR v49 Og(X o

'>9T

li ,=S|s

cL 78 oR oR '>9T

oR,

=%

B(

3h´

=S|s -

Y/H ,fgh

5Vp

>(D 4#/

=4J 3h´

)|

- N

,=S|s R,

0:

l '>9T - MNR '9 ,

W:

&$

78 ,*#$

5Vp (D 4#/

=4J

3h´

)|

- N ,=S|s ,

: RY4J/

MN

'>9T - 3a9R ,'9

>(D6 MN

oH_V N

=S|s ,<0*|

)+, - N

=S|s ,<&

W%

i,

=4%

6aL - '9

;R 78 5(LK

P4(V ,=4J W>i,

o_(

oR PQ

=4%

3h´

Y/H B(

Â´

W:

=%

<0*|

W:

gX

'>9T ,<0*|

q/$

3_K

=%

<0*|

|K, N

=%

<&

W:

gX '>9T ,<&

fR - W i8 m

-

`

oR t4 W4iR or o '>9T

<0*|

3h´

,<

q/$

o '>9T

<&

3h´

,*/

t4, Xª

W4iR oR '>9T - MNR '9

K

MN UaK*

i*

)*

-

`

K '>9T 3a9R -

'9 MN ajV i*

;)*

-, 3 _ 5d

4#V W:

W4iR

= i8

@$@\

55.55

m%

Y49

(

oR 49/:

=DD

=V%:

'9 ($0,,

4495Vp - N '>6

=4J

,'9

fR - )N8

$\

K, '9 :,

/&(

W:

§/N )*H

$a ,@$@\

4K, Q]

G\

ÃIF hK c#aK

=4J

§/

,'9

3\(, 78

=i(/(9 Y(K

3$\a(

'9

8,

0g

PQ

§/

l:

>J * -

*I8 ,`, W:,

'f N )*_

MN '$$_K

§/N '9 m

0, 5h@

W:

=9*

- fR 49/:

=DD

$0,, '9 - )<0 wgJ ,9

$`

=>¢R 9*

_#N N 2002

49/:

=D

$0, -

%14.7

W:

*H ,9,

vK $N

£LK MN O*:

;wgJ

$`

3X vJ - )C K

$6:

: 3 34_

$6:

o ,R 3%L i -

l0 ,R zQ P -

?'9 , : f

- K<0 9 m

=*kR, 9*

a oR 2008

ajV t

=V%:

9

(14)

>$\aK, fK

-

=*>:

,O(

,, c#a(,

|$:, ,:

/N )<0 wgJ 9 4#/

%15.6

- S9R

*4(XD BC>/

m

=pR, 9*

B/

WX¨, fR 2012

49/:

=DD 9

\X,

=DD oT MN )<0 wgJ

?$@$A(9 m

4, ,s WN /$ 6R = i8 6

S9R

_ MN '9 h B@$A(

~ 3%k m2

1.q :2

^ ( xy 5 ]2U

<

hJ

;A

Z4*Q 5 F76 +Qm .4 ,L s

!"

0>

t_

+E ( ^ xy

F

W

>

!"

od4 ,

Z_

-*>

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

7%5 -*>

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

"

7%5 -*>

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

k*

7%5 uW uk4 +Qm

+E . 7%5

m3 : 0g )i -

'9

? i8

@$@\

14.28

%

= i86 c

4_:

85.72

% i812

c

4_:

%100

= i88 c

4_:

%100 i8

@$@\

%3.7

i8 26 c

4_:

%96.3

m4 gN

^R*

'>#

(

MNÂ

^R*, '>#

(

3a9Â

?

= i87

@$@\

%100 i812

c

4_:

%100

= i86 c

4_:

%100

= i87

@$@\

25.92

% i820 c

4_:

74.08

%

A

,s U/K 6

= i8

=4J WN

9 _

h

9 '9 B@$A(

~h ,

$`

5d 4#V W:

W4iR

= i8 c

4_:

W:

/$N

_

%96.3

,

$`

p[

W>

VR D i 0gN -

,'9 W:

vVi X¨

5 iR t

=4J

i 0gN - '9

i*

o$d i*,

,*>HVD W> ,

W4iR i 0gN

=D`

) ,gh 5Vp,

4#V W:

W4iR i8

@$@\

(15)

%3.7

y_6 m 0, o%

Q v4#

=cfr(

$qs -

'9 B@$A(

~h 3%k ,2

$`

o8 i,

=cfr(

<$4 -

,'9

=R 78 '>6

=D:

'9 )*H SIX W:

340 ,=4J

fR -

W>a\, 9

)*H SIX - , _ ?'fW:,

¼

=4J zR

0gN - '9 '($

, c#aK '*

oR

<i8 _ op 9*

/$

3Ha

=cd(

$C|$a

$C$&$%, ,)q

, : Ya(

l:

nC(V

9*

B/

WX¨, - 2012

oR

=((L OK

P4(V wgJ 78

*:R c

)H_:

- 9

?$@$A(

Y$(6 )<0 wgJ ] m

p, Q c#a(

= i8

=4J WN

9

_ l

#

~h '9 B@$A(

~h ,

$`

=<i ':

W i8 c

4_:

4#/ ,

74.08

% qp

A:

-

,i ,6

_6 wiR

t4 oR

^R*

'>#

( MNÂ

MN UaK*

i*

)*

78 : D ,

q/$

^R*

'>#

(

3a9Â

MN ajV i*

)*

78 : D ,

i6

R*

'>#

#p(

- '9

;R D

SIX

; ,=4J W:,

>i

;XR wiR t4

W>/:

oR

^R*

'>#

( 78 MNR

MN i*

,o$d

^R*, '>#

( 78 3a9R

MN i*

*>HVD /N

i*

aH ,zS ,R

/N i*

*>HVD i* 25

R,S:

=p[

t

=4J oR

'>#

( 78 MNR

MN ajV

i*

,)*

-

`

oR

^R*

'>#

( 78 3a9T

MN UaK*

i*

,)*

-, 3 _ 5d 4#V

W:

W4iR i8

@$@\

25.92

% ,

cL 78 oR

'>#

[

9R

#p(

- '9 0

NR '>6

=4J WN

a$¢, '>#

- '9 )*H

,@$@\

c#aK, 0gN

'>#

=D@

<

</fR

,j#(

fR - N W%´

=4J W:

< 8 W©R*

- '>#

i - '9 m

5/$ , W:

=9*

fR 49/:

=DD

V%:

= '9 - )<0 wgJ ,9

>/:

9*

_#N B( 2002

=>¢R

>C(V N

49/:

=D

$0, -

%14.7

W:

*H ,9,

oR, N

$0, '9 vK $N ÄGA - )<0

9 m qp

=pR 9*

a oR 2008

ajV

c:

=V%:

9

>$\aK, fK

- )*>:

,O(

,, ,c#a(,

,|$:, /N

)<0

wgJ 9 m

=*kR, 9*

B/

WX¨,

78 2012

fR 49/:

=DD 9

\X,

=DD

oT - )<0

?$@$A(9 m

4, ,s

9 WN /$ 6R = i8 7

MN _ '9

h B@$A(

3%k m3

(16)

1.q :3

^ ( Hy 5 - 9.U 7

Z4*Q 5 F77 +Qm .4 ,L s

!"

0>

Z_

( ^ +E Hy

F

>W

!"

od4 ,

-*> Z_

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

7%5 -*>

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

"

7%5 -*>

uk4 +QR

!"

v Q*

k*

7%5 uW uk4 +Qm

+E . 7%5

m6 : =V% N a N WN '># & )i *# )i =V%

?'>#

= i87

@$@\

%100

= i87

@$@\

%50

= i87 c

4_:

%50 i8

@$@\

%12.5

= i87 c

4_:

%87.5 i814

@$@\

%51.8

i813 c

4_:

%48.2

(

W:

,i 4#V = i8 oR 7

%48.2

W:

_ /$N 5Vp

MN _ 9 MN 4_: c

'9 3%k h B@$A(

,3

_6 iR 5

W>/: N&

oR N '># & =V%

o(/f W:

=*[

#pT

@(K,

*#

'>#

78 =*[ 59

'># - $qs =cfr(6 ,< W:

5 MN oR

'>#

op

_J/:

®|i W:

,#pT

4K,

?/¢

5

=4J oR

y_6 #pT opQ ¼, < n(/ W:

3NaK - i,*$]

<

zQ '># WN P4 op

- '9 GH(/:

, A

6 W i

VR 59 n(/

<: =*[

W:

'9 m qp 5 iR oR =4J t

*R 78 @(K i,*$] W: =S|i

S|i W:

WN #pT

&

,'>#

@(, BS|i

#pT

78 59 =S|i

<:

- '9 *#

, t4, Xª

W4iR oR i,*$] W: =*[ l *R

&

5 '>#

,'># *# WN <: =*[ 59 78

/ , W:

¼ o

6g(X

=V%

-I '>#

; 5d 3 _ -

4#V W:

@$@\ i8 W4iR

%51.8

;|,, Q 78

– 353 – ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

!"

# $% &' ()*+

,- + .

# $% &' **()*+**