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CUA SINH VIEN CAO DANG SLT PHAM
O ThS. D U O N G THI N G A *
• j - J i d t trien ndng lye thich ung (NLTU) ndi 1 - ^ h u n g , NLTU nghe ndi rieng cho sinh vien 1 (SV) ed y nghTa vd cung quan trqng, nhdm giup SV ed nhung phdm chdt dn djnh de sdn sdng thich nghi vd cdi tqo, sdng tqo mdi trudng sdng, mdi trudng nghe nghiep sou ndy. NLTIT Id mdt dqng ndng lye dqc biet, nd ed mdi lien he chdt che vdi cdc ndng lye khde vd dugc hinh thdnh, phdt trien tren cosd nhiJng ndng lye, nhiJng phdm chdt tdm li cy the eua cd nhdn. Qua nghien cuu ede vdn de li ludn, thye tien vd tiep thu, tham khdo y kien, quan diem cua ede nhd khoa hqc, chung tdi dd tdng hgp, phdn tfch vd dua ra ede tieu chi vd ndi dung ddnh gid NLTU nghe cho SV cao ddng su phqm (SP) nhu sou:
1. NLTU vdi viee tiep thu nhung gid tri nghe nghiep, nhiJng yeu cdu khdt khe ve phdm chdt, d q o due Id'i song eua ngudi thdy g i d o
Mdi nghe deu ed mot gid trj nhdt djnh, gid trj dd dugc the hien d gid trj xd hdi md nghe dem Iqi, dvj the md nghe dugc xd hdi ddnh gid. Nghe thdy gido dugc vinh danh Id «nghe cao quy nhd't trong nhiJng nghe cao quy", bdi ddy Id nghe
«dung nhdn edch de gido dye nhdn each". Su phdt trien, phdn thjnh cija mot qude gia, mdt ddn tdc phy thudc vdo sy phdt trien cua nen gido dye, trong dd dgi ngu nhd gido giiJ vai trd chu chdt.
Nhdn edch, ndng lye eua ngudi thdy ed dnh hudng Idu ddi ddi vdi nhdn each cua the he tre - lye lugng se quyet djnh den sy phdt trien todn bd nen kinh te - vdn hod - xd hdi trong tuong lai. Do dd, vdi nghe thdy gido, xd hdi ed nhiJng ddi hdi vd yeu edu ddc biet khdt khe ve phdm chdt, dqo due, Idi sdng, hieu biet, kinh nghiem... Yeu edu dd ddi hdi SVSP phdi nhdn thue mot edch ddy du ngay khi bdt ddu chqn nghe vd budc vdo mdi trudng ren luyen nghe SP. Cd NLTU nhanh vdi nhiJng yeu edu cao, khdt khe eua xd hdi de ty y thiJe ve nhiem vy ren luyen eua minh, thiJa nhdn tdm quan trqng, gid trj hoqt ddng cua nghe SP.
NLTU vdi viee tiep thu nhi/ng gid tri nghi nghiep,
nhi/ng yiu edu khdt khe vi phdm chdt, dqo due Idi sdng cua ngudi thdy gido tuong lai dugc the hien trudc het bdi ndng lye ty nhdn thiJc, ty gido dye. SV khi budc vdo hqc tdp ren luyen d trudng SP edn nhdn thue rd yeu edu euo nghe, ti> dd phdi cd khd ndng ty ddnh gid bdn thdn, nhdn ra nhiJng uu nhuge diem eua bdn thdn, mue do phu hgp nghe cua bdn thdn de de ra hudng phdn ddu. Qud trinh ndy phdi Id qud trinh dien ra lien tyc, ddi hdi sy ed gang nd lye cua mdi SV. Sy phu hgp ngdy edng cao vdi nhiJng yeu edu cua nghe se giup SV de ddng hon trong viee tiep thu nhCrng gid trj nghe nghiep, ddp ung nhiJng yeu edu cao ciJO nghe. Ndng lye ndy se dugc ren luyen trong qud trinh SV tham gia vdo cdc loqi hoqt ddng d trudng SP, ddc biet trong hoqt ddng hqc tdp, ren nghiep vy SP thudng xuyen, trong cdc tinh hud'ng ung x u SP vd giao tiep SP.
2. NLTU v d i dieu kien, mdi trudng hoqt d q n g hgc tap vd ren luyen nghiep vy su phqm (RLNVSP) thudng xuyen d trudng SP
Budc vdo trudng 5P, SV phdi ldm quen vdi mdi trudng mdi, vdi nhiJng dieu kien hoqt ddng mdi ed nhieu diem khde biet so vdi trudng phd thdng. Nhiem vy eua SV chu yeu Id tiep thu cdc kien thuc ve chuyen mdn vd ren luyen toy nghe.
Dieu ndy Idm cho khdng it SV lung tung, bd ngd khi tham gia cdc hoqt ddng ren luyen nghe nghiep. Nhieu SV edm thdy hyt hdng vd khd thfch nghi vdi mdi trudng mdi, dieu ndy dnh hudng rdt Idn den thdi do nghe nghiep cung nhu ket qud hqc tdp cua SV. Vi the, khi vdo trudng SP, SV edn cd ede yeu td tdm li edn thiet de thich nghi nhanh ehdng vdi dieu kien, mdi trudng hoqt ddng hqc tdp vd viee RLNVSP thudng xuyen d trudng SP. Mudn phdt trien dugc nhiJng ndng lye do SV phdi ed nhiJng kT ndng cdn thiet de tiep thu nhiJng tri thiJe chuyen mdn nghiep vy, cd ndng luc hod nhdp nhanh ehdng vdi cdc mdi quan he mdi trong
* Tnrcing Cao dang sif pham Thai Nguyen ; > t! bo
Tap ehi Giao due s6 2 5 5 (ki i • 2/201 D
trudng SP, thfch nghi vdi nhung dieu kien ve ca sd vdt chdt, trang thiet bj, nhCrng nhiem vy hqc tdp, ndi dung vd phuang phdp, hinh thuc to chuc dqy vd hqc d trudng CDSP, ddc biet Id viee RLNVSP thudng xuyen. Viee RLNVSP khdng chi dugc the hien rd vd sdng td d cdc mdn RLNVSP md SV edn hieu rdng dd Id nhiem vy thudng xuyen vd lien tyc eua SV trong sudt qud trinh hqc tdp d trudng, d mqi noi, mqi luc, trong mqi hoqt ddng vd trong ed cuqc sdng ddi thudng cua SV.
3. NLTU vdi viee t d chuc vd thyc hien ke hoqch, hoqt d q n g d q y hqc jHDDH)
Ddy Id cdng viee ddc thu khde biet eua SVSP so vdi SV nhiJng trudng khde. Mudn vqy, SV phdi tich eye hqc tdp, nghien cuu de ndm viJng kien thue chuyen mdn nghiep vy, ndm vCrng ndi dung cdc mdn hqc, chuong trinh mdn hqc, biet su dyng cdng nghe thdng tin vd ung dyng cdc phdn mem DH. Biet vdn dyng ede PPDH khi tdp gidng, biet ddnh gid vd phdn tich cdc PPDH eua gidng vien tren Idp de ed suy ngdm vdn dyng vdo cdng tdc gidng dqy euo bdn thdn trong tuong lai, biet tim tdi vd su dyng nhiJng phuong tien DH hieu qud... Tdt cd nhCrng nhdn thue ndy se giup SV cd khd ndng td chuc vd thye hien ke hoqch, HDDH, Idm cho SV nhanh ehdng Idm quen vd thich ung vdi nhCfng hinh thue ndy nhu mdt hinh thue hoqt ddng co bdn eua hoc tdp - nghe nghiep. De phdt trien dugc ndng lye ndy, SV edn phdt trien cdc ndng lye tuong ung nhu ndng lye ngdn ngu, ndng lye trinh bdy, ndng lye thiet ke gido dn, ndng lye che bien tdi lieu hgc tdp...
4. NLTU vdi hoqt dqng gido dye (HDGD) vd td chuc cdc HDGD HS
Trong cdc nghe, nghe thdy gido dugc coi Id mdt loqi hinh loo ddng ddc biet. Sdn phdm lao dqng eua ngudi thdy gido dd Id nhdn edch eon ngudi vdi nhiJng phdm chdt, ddc diem, thudc tfnh mang tfnh linh hoqt, sdng tqo. Nhiem vy euo ngudi thdy khdng chi truyen dqt tri thuc cho HS md cdn hinh thdnh, phdt trien nhiJng phdm chdt nhdn edch tdt dep cho cdc em, giup cdc em ed khd ndng hod nhdp vd tham gia tich eye vdo cdc mdi quan he xd hoi, trd thdnh ngudi ed ich cho xd hdi. Vi vqy, vdi SVSP, khdng nhiJng ed nhiem vy tich luy ren luyen tri thue chuyen mdn md cdn tich luy ren luyen tri thuc ve viee gido dye eon ngudi. Ddy dugc coi Id nhiem vy dqc biet ctJO SV cdc trudng SP. Cho nen, de nhanh ehdng thich iJng vdi mdi trudng nghe rdng Idn phuc tqp vdi nhiem vy gido dye nhdn
Tap chi Giao due so 2 5 5 (ki i - 2/20111
edch HS sou ndy, ngay tu trudng SP, SV phdi cd NLTU vdi cdc HDGD vd td cht/c cdc HDGD cho HS. Yeu cdu ndy ddi hdi d SV khd ndng ty hgc, ty ren luyen coo vd nhiJng tinh te trong suy nghT, trong bgc Id edm xuc. NhCrng kien thiJc vd cdm nghiem md SVSP tiep thu dugc d trudng SP, qua cdc hoqt ddng, giao tiep, qua ede mdi quan he xd hdi phong phu, quo cdc dgt thye tdp SP se giup SV Idm quen vd sdng td ddn ddn nhiem vy gido dye HS eua minh trong tuong lai, tu dd hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhiJng ndng lye vd kT ndng edn thiet cho viee thye hien nhiem vy ndy. NhiJng ndng lye quan trqng SV phdi hinh thdnh vd phdt trien dd Id ndng lye gidi thich thuyet phyc, ndng lye edm hod HS, ndng lye lua chqn vd bdc Id edm xuc, ndng lye dieu khien hdnh vi hdnh ddng, ndng luc ehdn dodn tdm li... Cd dugc nhiJng ndng lye dd SV se nhanh ehdng thich nghi vdi edng tdc gido dye HS tren ed phuang dien li thuyet vd thye tiSn.
5. NLTU vdi cdc hogt ddng chinh trj - xd hdi Sou ndy, SVSP se trd thdnh nhiJng thdy ed gido, nhiJng ngudi khdng nhiJng se Id chu the eua hoqt ddng gido dye trong trudng phd thdng md cdn Id edu ndi giiJa gia dinh, nhd trudng vd xd hdi. Ld ngudi se trye tiep td chuc vd tham gia ede edng tdc xd hdi, ede hoqt ddng chinh trj - xd hdi cua trudng, eua Idp nhdm mye dfeh gido dye.
Do dd, SVSP phdi cd NLTU vd Idm quen vdi cdc hoqt dqng ehfnh trj - xd hdi ngay trong qud trinh hqc tdp ren luyen d trudng SP. Viee phdt trien ndng lye ndy se giup SV ty tin vd vCrng vdng han rdt nhieu khi tham gia vdo HDGD thyc tien sou ndy. De phdt trien dugc NLTU vdi cdc hoqt ddng ehfnh trj xd hdi, ddi hdi SVSP phdi ed tu tudng ehfnh trj viJng vdng, sdng ed If tudng, ed niem tin, ed tri thuc vd hieu biet xd hdi sdu rdng, ddc biet Id hieu biet ve nhu edu xd hdi, mdi trudng xd hdi, ve ddc diem kinh te vdn hod xd hdi ede vung mien, ve ddc diem nhqn thiJc vdn hod eua ede bde phy huynh trong giai doqn hien nay, ve ede td chuc dodn the trong xd hdi, ve cdc edch tiep cdn vd huy ddng ede lye lugng, ede ngudn lye xd hdi thorn gia vdo qud trinh gido dye... Tu dd, ren luyen ndng lye thiet ke, td chuc ede hoqt ddng xd hdi phyc vy myc dfeh gido dye...
6. NLTU vdi nhiJng yeu edu ludn ludn thay dd'i eua hoqt ddng nghe nghiep, HDGD
Xd hdi hien dqi ddt ro nhiJng yeu edu ngdy
cdng cao ddi vdi con ngudi, ddi hdi eon ngudi
phdi ludn ludn thay dd'i de ddp iJng, thfch nghi.phdt trien vd cdi tqo the gidi, bdn thdn. Do dd, de ddp ung nhung yeu cdu ludn ludn thay dd'i vd ngdy cdng cao cua HDGD, SVSP phdi ed NLTU vdi nhiJng thay ddi dd. Dieu ndy the hien sy linh hoqt, sdng tqo, khd ndng ty nhdn thue, ty gido dye d trinh do cao eua SV. Mudn ed ndng lye ndy cung ddi hdi SV sy nhqy edm nghe nghiep, nhiJng nhqn thue sdu sdc vd nhanh ehdng trudc nhiJng yeu cdu eua nghe ke ed hien tqi vd tuang lai. O k h d ndng sudyng cdc phuang tien kT thudt hien dqi, cdp nhdt thdng tin ve hoqt ddng nghe nghiep vd ede thdng tin lien quan den Ifnh vyc gido dye, biet lya chqn vd phdn tich nhCrng thdng tin CO bdn dnh hudng quan trgng den linh vyc nghe nghiep euo minh. Mdt khde, edn su dyng thdnh thqo ngoqi ngiJ vd tin hoc - hai phuang tien hCru hieu giup SV tim kiem vd phdn tich thdng tin, djnh hudng cho hogt ddng nghe nghiep cua minh trong tuong lai. Ngodi ra SV edn sdng tqo trong tdt ed ede iTnh vyc hqc tdp - nghe nghiep, ren luyen khd ndng SP, sdn sdng ddp ung mqi yeu edu eua edng tdc gido dye d trudng phd thdng sou ndy. NLTU vdi mqi yeu edu euo hoqt ddng nghe nghiep se giup SV chu ddng trong mgi tinh hudng, phdt huy tdi da nhCrng ndng lye eua bdn thdn, dy kien dugc nhiJng khd khdn trong hoqt dqng nghe nghiep vd nhanh ehdng tim ra nhiJng bien phdp khde phyc nhiJng khd khdn dd. Ddy chfnh Id nhCrng phdm chdt quan trqng euo con ngudi mdi thdi ki CNH, HDH, thdi ki hdi nhdp vd phdt trien, thdi ki md nhiJng gid tri sdng thudng thay ddi vd cd nhiJng hinh thdi khde biet phiJc tqp, khd nhdn thuc vd khd ddnh gid.
7. NLTU vdi viee kiem tra ddnh gid Kiem tra ddnh gid Id mdt khdu khdng the thieu de eon ngudi hodn thien cdc ndng lye euo minh sou mdi Idn hoqt ddng. Tuy nhien, viee kiem tra ddnh gid khdng phdi Id mdt edng viee don gidn, md thye chdt dd Id mot qud trinh phuc tqp, ddi hdi eon ngudi khd ndng suy ngdm, phdn tich, ndng lye tu duy.
Trong gido dye, viee kiem tra, ddnh gid ed y nghTa ddc biet quan trqng, giup cdc thdy cd gido phdn tfch nhCrng uu, nhuge diem trong edng tdc gido dye HS, nhiJng ket qud trong HDGD. Ddnh gid bao gdm ed viee ddnh gid ket qud hoqt ddng vd ty ddnh gid ve bdn thdn. Ddnh gid dung se djnh hudng cho cdc hoqt ddng tiep theo vd viee rut kinh nghiem cd hieu qud thiet thye. Vi vqy, de Idm tdt vai trd euo ngudi gido vien sou ndy, SVSP
ben cqnh viee thfch ung vdi ede hoqt ddng khde, edn phdt trien khd ndng thfch ung vdi viee kiem tra ddnh gid trong gido dye nhu mdt ndng lye thyc sy. Dieu ndy the hien d khd ndng thfch nghi nhanh ehdng vdi cdc hinh thue kiem tra ddnh gid eua cdc thdy ed gido d trudng SP, tiJ dd SV cung hgc edch ty kiem tra ddnh gid bdn thdn vd ddnh gid ngudi khde (bqn be vd gido vien...). Nhung kinh nghiem ve edng tdc kiem tra ddnh gid se ddn ddn dugc tich luy, mat khde phdt trien d SV nhiJng phdm chdt tdm If edn thiet (nhu khd ndng phdn tfch khdeh quan, Idm chu xuc edm, tinh cdm, sy tinh te, tu duy sdu s d c . ) tu dd phdt trien NLTU vdi cdc hinh thue kiem tra ddnh gid phong phu da dqng ed the gdp d trudng SP vd trudng phd thdng sou ndy.
8. NLTU vdi hoqt dqng DH vd gido dye d trudng p h d thdng
Moi bde hgc deu cd nhCfng yeu edu khde nhau trong ede hogt ddng DH vd gido dye. Gido vien d bdc hqc dd phdi ndm chde nhiJng dqc diem HDDH vd gido dye, nhCrng dqc diem tdm If cua HS, dieu khien dugc ede mdi quan he giao tiep.
Do dd, SV he CDSP edn nhdn thue sdu sdc vdn de ndy de y thi/c trdch nhiem nghTa vy eua minh khi tham gia vdo mdi trudng nghe nghiep. Cdn ed nhung hieu biet sdu rdng ve ddc diem mdi trudng ddo tqo d trudng phd thdng, ndm chde ddc diem tdm If HS phd thdng, ede ndi dung kien thue CO bdn, ede hinh thuc td chuc vd cdc PPDH vd gido dye co bdn d trudng phd thdng. Ndm chde nhiJng yeu edu dd SV se nhanh ehdng thich Ong khi di thue tdp vd tham gia gidng dqy.
Cdc NLTU ed mdi quan he chdt che vdi nhau, tqo thdnh mdt edu trije tdng the NLTU eua ngudi thdy gido tuang lai. Cdn cu vdo cdc tieu chf vd ndi dung ddnh gid tren, chung to ed the' xdy dyng ede bien phdp nhdm phdt trien NLTU nghe cho SV ede trudng CDSP ndi rieng vd SVSP ndi chung, tu dd ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tqo nghe d ede trudng SP.Q
Tai lieu tham khao
1. NguySn Van Hd. Thich img su'pham. NXB Gido
due, H 2000.2. Serbacov.A.I va Mudric.A.V. Sir thich ihig nghe
nghiep cua ngiwi thay giao. NXB Moskva, 1979.3. M.X. Laytex. Nang lire, tri tue va lira tudi. NXB
Gido due, H \997.4. Levintov. Tam li hoc tre em va tSm li hoc sirpham.
NXB Gido due, U 1972.
