so 3 (209)-2013 NGON NSCf & Pdl SONG ^
I ^ '- ^—; : 1 •'U •^'ii'
NGON NGU HOC v o l VIET NGU HOC ' '
VE CAC AM CHINH [o] VA [o]
TRONG TIENG DjA PHUONG NGHE TTNH
(QUA khAo SAT cir CIAN TIIANII pho viNh VA CAC VUNQ IAN CAN khAc)
Some comments on the vowels [D] and [o] in NgheTlnh's local pronunciation
(Through the survey on residents in Vinh City and some neighboring districts)PHAN XUAN PHON (ThS, € a i hoc Vinh) Abstract
Nghe Tinh's inhabitants have a rather special local way of pronunciation in the central region and in the whole country as well. By examining two vowels [D] and [o] of this dialed area, we have found out that, the dipthongs tend to turn into monothongs in Nghe Tinh's local pronunciation.The shift from diplhongs into monothongs by the entire population and Nghe Tinh's residents is quite complex and varied. In Nghe Tinh's local pronunciation the distinction between long vowels and short vowels is quite sharp.
bieu ciia phuong ngii nay de tim ra net dac thu 1. Dat van de so vdi tieng noi ciia cac viing khac,
Nghe - TTnh la dja phirong co gipng noi ^_ y . ^^ - ^ ^ ^ . „ ^ l^, ^^ i^, , ; . kha dac biel khu' cua virc micn 1 rung va ca g^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^
nudc. Sii khac biel cua tieng noi vimg nay tir ' j ^ „ ^ ^^ ,(, ji^„ ,ig„g ^-^ p,,^,^^^ ^^^
xira da dugc phan anh qua nhieu g.ai thoai jj^ (n[,u Tir diin liing Nghe Tinh cua Tr&i dan gian. Tir triroc toi nay tieng Nghe - TTnh Hihi Thung - Thai Kim Dinh. NXB van hoa da duac lay lam doi tugng nghien ciru ciia rat thong tin nam 1998 va Tir Hiin liing dia nhieu cong trinh khoa hoc. luan an. luan van. phuang Nghe Tinh cua GS. PS Nguyin Nha khoa luan ciia nhieu sinh vien thuoc cac Ban (chii bien). NXB Van hoa Thong tin - trucmg Dai hgc. Cao dang trong ca nudc. nam 1999; thi chi ghi "tr66c" va " moong" la Tieu bieu nhu cac cong trinh nghien cim ciia: ad va oo nhu: " toe liit tr66c lut tai". "dai nhu Tran HiJu Thung - Thai Kim Dinh. GS. TS moong".
Nguyin Nha Ban. PGS.TS Hoang Trgng Con quyin Tit diin liing dia phircmg Nghe Canh. PGS.TS Phan Mau Canh. IS Vo Xuan TTnh \^\ co rit nhilu am tilt ma am chinh dugc Qul...cac tac gia nay da tap trung nghien ciru ghi bjng hai chit 66 nhu doong", "loong"
mot each kha toiin dien va day dii ve birc "tr66c". "n66c". "oong". "66c" \ v .. ghi bang tranh ciia phuang ngO' Nghe l i n h . Tren co so hai chif oo nhu "dgoc". "loong". "looc".
nghien ciru ve tieng dja phuang Nghe - TTnh. "nhgoc", "rooc", "rgong". "vgoc". v.v.
trong bai viet nay chimg loi chi di sau tim Theo chung toi, van de dat ra a day la hieu them mgt vai am chinh co tinh chat tieu nguai Nghe - Tinh co hai each phat am o, 6
18 NGON NGU& DOI SONG S6 3 (209)-2013
khac nhau la cd that nhimg ghi con chi* nhu the nao thl cdn phai ban.
I. Xci cac am liet: dgc. long. Idc. nhgc. roc.
voc. (dirge noi thanh dgoc loong. Idoc. nhgoc.
riioc. vgoc...).
u. Imng cac lir toan dan hien nay cac nguyen am [a] vii [a|: [v] va | y ' ] cd the phan biel duwc mgt each kha dc dang vi hau het dirge \ li'i bt^ng con chir rieng.
Nguyen am |r,'| dugc vicl bang "a" trong cac van "anh ach". Chi c6 [ D " ] va [D| la kh6 phan bi^t hon ca vi each phai am giong nhau
\d dil dai hay ngan deu dugc glii bang mgt chfl*
"o" lrong chir quoc ngfr.
fir dia phutmg Nghe ITnh khdng co hien tut.mg nhu vay. Nginri Nghe '17nh khi phai am phan biet dugc |H"| vdi | a | tiong mgi trucmg hgp kc ca "anh. ach". phan biet dugc [d] va [aj lrong cac trudng hap khac nhau.
b. So sanh cac tir toan dan va lir dja phucmg Nghe Tinh ta Ihay tren chCr viel cung nhu each phat am doi vdi cac nguyen am [e']. [3"]. [D]
deu CO sukhac biel.
- lrong "anh ach" tir dia phuong Nghe Hnh chuyen thanh "enh ech".
Vi du: Canh - kcnli. lanlj - lenh. sach - sech, lach c&ch - lech kech
- Trong "oc aclf ti* dia phucmg Nghe TTnh chuyen thanh "oc ech".
Vi du: - Cau dimg co oc ach - Cau dimg co oc ech Dieu nay chirng to ngudi Ngh? Tinh phat am dugc [c'|. [D " | mgi each rd rang.
L Ngirdi Nghe 'ITnh phat am cac am uk cd van "ong oc" khac vdi ngucri Ihi Ngi nhung phat am cac van khiic nhu "o". "6c". "oi" lai gidng ngiriri Ha Ngi.
Vidu: o cd con edi.
Su khac biet nay khdng phai la bit'n th^ ngCr am. Vi cac van "ong 6c" nhu "vong" "ong"
'khdc", ngirdi Nghe ITnh cd the vira phat am gidng ngudi 1 lii Ngi. khi ti^p xiic vdi ngudi Ha Ndi l^i vira co the phat am khac ngudi Ha Ngi khi tiep xiic vdi chinh ngirdi Nghe ITnh.
Vi khi phat am am tiet "vdng" "khdc" vdi ngudi H^ NOi thi cac bg phan ciia bg may phai am ciia ngirdi Ngh? Tinh dugc chuan hi cau am giong ngudi Ha Ngi, nghTa la hai ma
"biing" ra moi chym lai. Cdn khi phat am de giao lisp vdi ngudi Ngh? TTnh thi hai ma top l^i (khdng giG hcri d mieng), mdi cd xu hudng nho ra phia tnrdc.
Tat ca nhung dieu tren day chimg to ngucri Nghe TTnh phat am dugc hai nguyen am khac nhaudd 1^: I D " ! va[3]. Vay dau la l ^ ' ] vadaii la[3|-
Rd rang trong cac tir toan dan [e'] dugc ghi 1^ a, [ D ' I dugc ghi la "0". Vi vay nh&ng am
"o" ma ngudi Nghe TTnh phat am gidng ngirdi Ha Ngi la njjuyen am |D|. cdn cac nguydn am trong cac van "ong dc" ma ngudi Nghe TTnh phat am chinh la nguyen am /o'/. fuy nhien theo thoi quen gian luge trong ngon ngu:. bat ke ta [ D " ] hay [D] deu dugc ghi bang chff "0".
Vi the theo chung tdi ' D " ' trong tieng dja phuorng Nghe TTnh chua cd hinh thirc de ghi va cung khong nen ghi bang hai con chfr 0 (00) vi hinh thiic nay la de ghi o dai.
2. Xet cac am liet: ddng. nhong. long, trdng, troc ("doong", "nhddng". "loong".
"trodng". "trdoc").
Trong hinh lhang nguyen am ciia cac lir toan dan. cac nha Viet ngfr hgc chi thira nhan nguyen am /o/ khdng thira nhan co nguyen am /6/ ma chi thira nhgn la hien the ngft am khi nguyen 5m /o/ ket hgp phu am cuoi / ij / - /k'.
Theo chung ldi cung nhu ngiij en am 3' va / D " / la hai nguyen am khac nhau lrong cac am tiet ciia tir ngii dia phuong Nghe TTnh. am |o|
trong tir dia phuong Nghe TTnh tinh hinh ciing lucmg ty, bdi vi ngudi Nghe Tjnh cung cd hai each phat am khac nhau.
- Trong cac am tiet co cac van am "6, dn.
6m", ngirdi Nghe TTnli phat am gidng nhit ngudi Ha Ngi.
50 3 (209)-2013 NGON NGGT&'DOI SONG 19
Trong cac am tiel cd cac van "dng 6c "
ngudi Nghe ITnh hau nhu eo hai each phat am. Khi tiep xiic vdi ngudi Bac thi ngudi ta ndi giong nhu nguiri Ha Ngi (hai ma biing ra m6i chiim lai). Cdn khi giao liep vdi chinh ngudi Nghe TTnh thi each phai am lai khac (hai ma top lai moi co xu hirdng nhd ra phia trudc nhu khi phat am o ngan).
- Day cung khdng phai la bien the ngir am bai \ i cac van am "ung uc" nguiri Nghe Tmh cung phat am nhu ngudi Hii Ngi.
Vi du: dung liic.
T rong "ung. uc" sau am Cul do cac phu am /k/ va / I] / chi phoi nen am "u" bi riit ngan lai ngudi ta ggi bien the ngan. Chinh vi la bien ihe riit ngan nen ngudi Nghe TTnh cung phat am nhu ngudi Ha Ngi trong cac am tiel cd van "ung. uc" trong khi dd ciing mgt hoan canh ngu am. nghTa la ciing hi phu am /k/ va /q/ chi phoi nhung trong cac am lie! cd van "ong oc" "ong 6c" nhung ngudi Nghe TTnh lai phat am dugc bang hai each, dac biet la each phai am khac vdi ngudi Ha Ngi. Dieu nay chimg td rang am "u" trong
|ung] va trong [uc] la bien the ngan eiia am /u/. Cdn trong dia phuang Nghe TTnh am [6j va|o] la bieu hi?n cua cac nguyen am loi va IQL /D/ va / D " / nhung chi dirge the hien bang chu "6" va "o".
Mat khac cd mgi so am lict cd van "ong"
nhu "eh6ng" ngudi Nghe TTnh phat am gidng ngudi Ha Ngi. Dieu nay cang khang dinh trong phuong ngfr Nghe TTnh cd nguyen am /d/ va / D " / chir khdng phai la bien the ngii' am Trong do cac am tiet eo van "ong dc" la nhGng am tiet co nguyen am 161. cdn cac am tiel ghi b^ng chii "6" con lai nhu: 6. c6n. ton la nhihig am tiel cd nguyen am lo/. Va vi the each ghi cac am tiel co nguyen am /6/ trong tir dja phuang Nghe TTnh viet bang hai chir d (oo) cimg la chua hgp li.
3. Ket luan
Tir nhung nhan xel tren chiing loi riit ra nhung ket luan .sau day:
Neu cac nguyen am ddi lrong cac tir loan dan CO xu hudng chuyen thanh nguyen am dan trong tir dia phuong Nghe TTnh. ihi sir chuyen dich giua cac nguyen am don trong cac tir loan dan va tir dia phuang Ngh? TTnh la kha phirc tap va da dgng.
Trong tir dia phuang Nghe ITnh co su phan biel kha rach roi giua cac nguyen am dai va nguyen am ngin. Dac biel su phan biet giira cac nguyen am /D/ va / D " / ; lot va 16/ la rat rd rang. Viec the hien chiing ra chu' viet thi nen than trgng.
Nhung nhan xet ciia chiing toi ve cac am chinh trong tir dia phuang Nghe TTnh mdi chi la budc dau, chac chan con chua day du. neu CO dieu kien chung toi se trd lai van de nay trong mgt dip khac.
Tai li^u tham khao 1. Nguygn Nha Ban - Hoai Nguyen (1995).
Nhdt cat thai gian trong Idm ihuc nguin Nghe.
Ngon ngir. so 2, tr65-67.
2. Nguyen Nha Ban (chii bien) (2001). Ban sdc van hda ciia ngudi Nghe TTnh (trim ddn lieu ngon ngu), Nha xuat ban Nghe An.
3. Hoang Trgng Canh (1995), Mdi vdi nhdn xet bu&c ddu ve dm vd nghTa lrong lir diu phicang Nghe TTnh, Ng6n ngir. so 1.
4. Hoang Thj Chau (1989). Tiimg Viel tren cdc miin ddi nudc, NXB KHXH, Ha Ngi.
5. Nguyen Ddng Chi (1995), Diu chi viin hda ddn gian Nghe TTnh. NXB Nghe An - Vinh.
6. Pham Van Hao (1999. Tim xem xel ede phuang ngie theo li Ihuyei "Lim .sdng ngdn ngir", Ngir hgc tre 1999. Hgi Ngon ngii hgc Viet Nam, Ha Ngi, tr34-j6.
7. Nguyen Hoai Nguyen (2001). Due trung ngir dm phdn vdn lrong pinrang ngu \ghc TTnh, Nhimg van de li thuyet van hgc va ngdn ngir. NXB GD, Ha Ngi. tr232-242.
8. Nguyen Hoai Nguyen(2002). Mieu la dgc trung ngir dm phuang ngu .\glii TTnh.
Luan an lien sT ngii van, Trudng dai hgc Su pham Vinh.
(Ban Bien tap nhan bai ngay 29-01-2013)
