Tgp chi THONG TIN Y DlfOC So 7 ndm 2012
KIBU THUG, THAI DO VA DITDINH NUOI CON BANG SUA ME CUA NU SINH TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE - DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
Nguyen Thanh Phong', Thanh Thj Bich Chf TOM TAT
Muc tieu: md ta thWc trang kien thdc (ICT), thai do (TD) va dWdinh ve nudi con bang sdn me (NCBSM) cua ndsinh vien (SV) TrWdng dai hoe (DH) Kinh te - DH Qudc gia Ha Noi va tim hieu mot sd yeu td lien quan din KT, TD va dWdinh ve NCBSM cua ndSV TrWdng DH Kinh ti- DH Qudc gia Ha Noi. Ddi tWdng va phu'dng phap: md ta cat ngang, phdng van 392 SV nd
TrWdng DH Kinh ti - DH Quoc gia Ha Ndi, ehWa ed eon va hdp tac vdi nghien cdu td 12/2007- 3/2008. Ket qua: chi ed 36,7% SV biit can cho tre bu me ca ngay va dim va bu theo nhu cau, 51,5% SV biit tac hai cua bu binh va 7,1% SV biit thdi gian bu me hoan toan la 6 thing dau.
SV thiiu tin tWdng dgia tri cua sda me, anh hWdng cua viec cho eon bu din kha nang tham gia eae hoat dong xa hoi, sdc khde, tham my. Da sdSVcd dWdinh NCBSM (79,1%). DWdinh eiia SV cd lien quan vdi cac yiu toque quan, KT, TD ve NCBSM cua SV. Kit luan: SV cdn thiiu KT
va cd TD chuS tdt ve NCBSM. Da sdSVed dWdinh NCBSM. DWdinh NCBSM eiia SVed lien quan vdi cac yiu toque quan, KT, TD ve NCBSM cua ho.
SUMMARY
Knowledge, attitude and future Intention towards breastfeeding among female students of Vietnam National University (VNU) - University of Economics and Business
Objectivses: To describe the situation of knowledge, attitude and intention as well as relative factors towards breastieeding among female students of VNU University of Economics and Business. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 392 female students without children of VNU University of Economies and Business from December 2007 to March 2008. Results: Only 36,7% of them were aware of breastieeding all day and night and feeding on demand, 51,5% were aware of bad effects of bottle-feeding and 7,1% had acknowledgement of exclusive breastieeding for first 6 months. Most of them lack conddenee in the value of breast milk, the effects of breastfeeding on participation in social activities, on health and beauty. Most of students (79,1%) had future intention of breastieeding, this intention involved with their birth place, knowledge and attitude towards breastieeding.
Conclusions: Female students still lack of knowledge and have misconception towards breastfeeding. Most of students have future intention of breastieeding. Students'home village, knowledge, attitude towards breastieeding are factors affecting their intention.
I . DAT VAN OE
Viec thUc hien mot hanh vi sifc khoe co lien quan ch§t che vdi KT, TD va dU djnh ciia con ngUdi vdi hanh vi sdc khoe do [1].
NCBSI^ CO vai trd rat quan trong vdi sifc khde va sU phat trien ciia tre trong 2 nam dau.
To chii'c Y te The gidi (WHO) da khuyen cao cac ba me nen NCBSM hoan toan trong 6 thang dau, cho con bu keo dai tdi 24 thang tuoi hoSc hOn de giam ty le suy dinh dudng va giam mSc cac benh nhilm triing cho tre (WHO 2003). Nhieu nghien cifu da chifng minh KT, TO va du dinh cua tang Idp nu' thanh nien ve van de NCBSM se anh hUdng tdi kha nSng
quyet djnh va thUc hien cho con bu ciia hp trong tUOng lai [5,6,9].
Theo UNICEF: chi co 3,7% tre Viet Nam dUOc bu me hoan toan trong 6 thang dau (ty le nay tren the gidi la 36%) [2], Do do, tim hieu KT, TD oia nu' thanh nien ve NCBSM co y nghla khdng nho trong viec tim cac nguyen nhan, giai phap nang cao ty le NCBSM. Tuy nhien, con it de tai nghien cifu de cap tdi van de nay. Vi vay, chung toi tien hanh nghien cifu nay nham muc Ueu: mo ta thUc trang kien thifc, thai dp va dU djnh ve NCBSM ciia nu' sinh vien TrUdng Oai hpc Kinh te Oai hoc Quoc gia, nam 2007 va tim hieu mpt sd yeu to
ThS., Tmtfng Cao dSng Y te Ha Npi
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Tgp chi THONG TIN YDlfOC So 7 ndm 2012
lien quan den KT, TD va dU djnh ve NCBSM ciia nu' sinh vien TrUdng Oai hpc Kinh te - Oai hpc Quoc gia Ha Ndi.
I I . OOI TUgNG VA PHUaNG PHAP 1. Ddi IMng nghien cihi
392 SV nQ' TrUdng Dai hoc Kinh te - Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, chUa cd con va hop tac vdi nghien cijli tif thang 12/2007-3/2008.
2. PhWdng phap nghien cdu 2.1. Thiit ki nghien edU: mo ta cat ngang.
I I I . KET QUA
Chung toi da tien hanh phdng van 392 SV. Ket 1. Kien thdc cua sinh vien ve NCBSM Bangl: Kiin thdc cua sinh vien ve NCBSM
2.2. Tiin hanh:
- Chpn miu: chon tat ca cac SV nu" nam cudi Tnrdng OH Kinh te - DH Quoc gia Ha Npi, chuS cd con va hpp tac vdi nghien culi.
- Oanh gia: danh gia KT, TO ciia SV bang each cham diem ket qua tra Idi phieu phong van dii^ theo bang kiem KT va TO.
Thang diem dUOc tinh nhU sau: Oat (7-10 diem); Khong dat (<7 diem).
2.3. XdlysdTieu. bang phan mem Epi Info 6.04 qua thu dUOc nhu sau:
Kien thWc LOi fch cua NCBSM
Cach duy tri nquon siJa me
Thdi diem cai su^ (tir 18-24 thanq ho3c hdn) Thdi diem nen cho tre bu lan dau sau de Tac dunq cua viec cho tre bu sdm Ldi ich cua sffa non
Tac hai cua bu binh
Cach cho tre bu (ca ngay va dem, theo nhu cau) Che do an tot nhat cho tre sau de (bii me hoan toan) Thdi gian cho tre bu hoan toan (6 thanq dau)
Cablet SL 386 376 317 278 254 231 202 144 62 11
TL%
98,5 96,7 80,9 70,9 64,8 58,9 51,5 36,7 15,8 7,1
Khong biet SL
6 13 75 114 138 161 190 248 330 352
TL%
1,5 3,3 19,1 29,1 35,2 41,1 48,5 63,3 84,2 92,8 Oa so SV biet dUOc Idi ich ciia nudi con bang sCi:a me (98,5%), each duy tri nguon suS (96,7%), Idi ich ciia sffa non (58,9%), co tdi 48,5% khdng biet bu binh co hai cho tre.
2. Thai dp cua sinh vien ve NCBSM Bang 2: Thai do cua sinh vien ve NCBSM
Thii do Cho con bii la luS chon tot nhat cho tre Tre bu me I't bi benh hdn tre bu chai
Tre bu me se Idn nhanh va thonq minh hdn tre an sua ngoai Cho con bu van co the tham gia cac hoat dong xa hoi Cho con bu khonq anh hudnq den sifc khoe ciia ba me TU tin CO dii suS nuoi con
Khonq nen cho tre 3n bd sung sdm
Khong can thiet phai cho tre 3n them gi khac ngoai sij^
me trong 6 thang dau
Khong sd bi tnjyen b&ih cho tre khi cho tre bu Khdng nen phi tien mua su^ hdp khi da co su^ me
Cd 95,5% SV tin rSng cho con bu la luS chpn tdt nhat cho tre, 80,1% tin tre bu me it bj benh hdn tre bu chai. Tuy nhien, con 67,3% SV
sds bu(
viec
Tin tiianh SL 374 314 245 240 237 226 175 170 128 104 e cd the tr 67,3%) va
bd tien mu TL%
95,5 80,1 62,5 61,3 60,5 57,6 44,6 43,4 32,7 26,5 uyen beni chi cd 26, a sud hop
Khong tin thinh SL
18 78 147 152 155 166 217 222 264 288 1 cho con 5% sinh VI dii da CO!
TL%
4,5 19,9 37,5 38,7 39,5 42,4 55,4 56,6 67,3 73,5 khi CJK) con en phan ddi us me.
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T^ chi THONG TIN YDlfOC So 7 ndm 2012
3. DWdinh NCBSM cua sinh vien 3.1. hw'dinhNCBSM:
1%
• Co • Khong OChUa nghTtdi
Bleu do 1: Ty IS cac dWdinh NCBSM eiia SV Cd 79,1% sinh vien co y djnh NCBSM, chi cd 2% khong cd y djnh NCBSM va 18,9% chUa quyet djnh.
3.2. DWdinh cho con bu sdm, bu hoan toan va thdi diem cai sda
Bang 3: DWdinh cho con bu sdm (n=310) DWdinh
DU dinh cho con bu sdm Cach nuoi tre trong SttiangdSu
Thdi diem cai suci Co Khong Bii me hoan toan Bu me + sQa ngoai
<18thanq
> 18 thang SL 262 48 76 234 173 137
7 1 % 84,5 15,5 24,5 75,5 55,8 44,2 Trong so 310 SV co y djnh NCBSM: co 84,5% muon cho con bii sdm. Co tdi 75,5%
SV dU djnh nudi con bang s\ia me ket hdp vdi suS ngoai. 55,8% SV dU djnh ngimg cho con bu trUdc 18 thang tudi.
4. Mgtsffyeu to lien quan den kien tltWc, thai do va dWdinh NCBSM
4.1. Mdi lien quan gid^ que quan vdi kiin thWc, dial do va du'dinh ve NCBSM cua SV
Bang 4: Lien quan gida que quan vdi lain tiiut ve NCBSM cua SV
^~~-^,.^Keh thWc
Nong thon Thanh thi Tong
Oat 101 64 165
ChWa Oat
83 144 227
Tong 184 208 392
OR PSVoCI)
2,74 (1,77-4,23) SV ndng thdn c6 ty le dat ve kien thifc cao hOn SV thanh thj. SU khac biet co y nghia thong ke vdi OR la 2,74 (95%a OR: 1,77-4,23).
SV ndng thdn cd ty le dat ve thai dp cao hOn SV thanh thj. SU khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke vdi OR la 2,11 (95%a OR: 1,37-3,25).
Ty le SV ndng thdn dU djnh NCBSM cao hOn SV thanh thj, nhutig sU khac biet khong cd y nghTa thong ke.
4.Z MS Mn quan gida trinh dd hoc vai aJa me vakiSithuti thai dp vadWOnhve NCBSM aJaSV
Khong cd su" khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke ve kien thu'c, thai dp va dU djnh NCBSM ciia nhCfng SV cd me tot nghiep het cap 3 trd len va sinh vien co me chuS tot nghiep het cap 3.
4.3. MS Tien quan giOa nghe nghiep cua me va ki&i thut, thai 0vadW dinh ve NCBSM aJaSV
Khong 00 sU khac biet 00 y nghla thong ke ve kiai thut; thaidpva dUdrh I^CBSM oCia nhuhg SVoo me la vien chut va sinh vien 00 me lam nghe Wiac
4.4. Mdi lien quan giui kien thdc, thai do va du'dinh ve NCBSM cua SV
TO ciia SV cd KT dat cao hdn TD ciia SV co KT chuS dat. 0R=8,1 '(95%CI OR: 4,98-13,2).
SU khac biet cd y nghTa thong ke.
Bang 5: Mdi lien quan giO^ kiin thut va dW dinh \^ NCBSM cua sinh vien
Oat Chula dat Tong
Cd 150 160 310
Khong/
chWa nghi tdi
15 67 82
Tdng 165 227 392
OR (9SVoCI)
4,19 (2,22-8,02) SV CO kien thdc dat co ty le dU djnh NCBSM cao hdn SV cd kien thdc chi/a dat. SU khac biet CO y nghTa thdng ke vdi OR tUdng ifng la 4,i9 (95%CI OR: 2,22-8,02).
Bang 6: Mdi lien quan gida thai do va dW dinh ve NCBSM cua sinh vien
^Dftimih
7 7 1 B / < » \ Bat ChUa dat Tong
Cd 139 171 310
Khdng/
chWa nghi tdi
14 68 82
Tong 153 239 392
OR (BS'/oCI)
3,95 (2,06-7,69) SV CO thai dp dat cd ty le dU djnh NCBSM cao hdn SV cd thai dp chUa dat. SU khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke vdi OR tUdng dhg la 3,95 (95% CI OR: 2,06-7,69).
IV. BAN LUAN
1. Kien tilde cua SV ve NCBSM DasoSVooKTkhatStveldiichciia NCBSM, Idi kti oja sua non, thdi diem nen cho tre bu lan dau sau de, tac dung ciia viec cho tre bu sdm vdi ty le tir 98,5-58,9%. Tuy nhien, chi c6 15,8% SV biet can dio tre bii me hoan toan sau de, 7,1% SV biet che do an tot nhSt dio tre trong 6 thang dau la bu me hoan toan. Chi o6 36,7% SV biet can phai cho tre can duOc bii me cS ngay va dem va bu theo nhu C3U. Ty le SV khong biet bu binh o6 hai con chiem hS 48,5%. K^ qua nay kha phii hdp vdi nghien ouU oia Tanant M., Dodgson J.E tai Hong Kong n3m 2007, KT oja SV \« NCBSM dao dpng tir 28,6% d&i 100%, va tmng binh 71,1% [8].
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r«p chiTHdNG TIN YDlfOC So 7 ndm 2012
Nhu vay, de cac nu' thanh nien cd the san sang cho viec NCBSM thanh cdng, viec bdi dudng nang cao KT NCBSM cho ddi tUdng nay la can thiet.
2. Thdi dp cua sinh vien vie NCBSM M5c dii d Viet Nam, hanh vi NCBSM tir rat lau da trd thanh truyen thdng, ehuan mUc xa hdi, mpt d3c Cfiem v3n hda dan tpc nhUng van cd 37,5% SV cho rSng tre Sn sda ngoai se thdng minh hdhj^ Idn nhanh hdn tre bu me. Cd tdi 73,5% SV sSn sang bo tien mua sCha hop dii da CO su:a me. SU quang cao da dang dUdi nhieu hinh thifc ciia cac loai sCi'a hop va sU vSng mSt dan hinh anh NCBSM da co tac dpng Idn lam thay ddi thai do ciia ciia tang Idp thanh nien vdi NCBSM.
Con mdt ty le Idn SV cho rSng cho con bii anh hudng den kha nSng tham gia cac hoat dong xa hpi ciia minh, anh hudng den sifc khoe, tham my va tin minh co dii sSa nuoi con (38,7-42,4%). Day la mot rao can Idn doi vdi viec quyet djnh NCBSM trong tUdng lai ciia cac nu'sinh.
3. Dp" djnh NCBSM cua sinh vien Da so SV cd dU djnh NCBSM: (79,1%) cao hdn nghien cdu ciia Tarrant va cdng sU nghien ciilJ d Hong Kong (63%) [7]. Tuy nhien, chi co 24,5% SV cd dU dinh NCBSM hoan toan trong 6 thang dau, 75,5% SV dU djnh NCBSM ket hdp vdi sDS ngoai. Dieu nay phii hdp vdi nghien cifu ciia UNICEF: chi co 3,7% tre Viet Nam dUdc bu me hoan toan trong 6 thang d3u [2].
4. Mpt so yeu to lien quan
4.1. Mdi lien quan giuS que quan, trinh do vin hda, nghe nghiep cua me va KT, TD, dW djnh NCBSM cua SV
SM nong thon co ty le KT dat gap 2,74 lan, ty le TD dat gap 2,11 lan SV thanh thj. Si/
khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke. Ty le NCBSM d nong thdn cao hdn thanh thj va SV thanh thi cdn it quan tam tdi NCBSM hdn SV ndng thon, tudi ket hon d thanh thj cung cao hdn ndng th5n cd the Ii giai dieu nay.
Trong nghien culi ciia chiing tdi, KT, TO va dU djnh ve NCBSM oia SV khdng co lien quan vdi trinh do vSn hda, nghe nghiep ciia me.
4.2. Mdi lien quan giuS KT, TD va dWdinh vi NCBSM oia SV
SV cd KT dat yeu cau cd TO tdt hdn SV cd KT chua dgt. SU khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke vdi 0R=8,1 (95%a OR: 4,98-13,2). NhU vay, KT la yeu td quyet djnh TD cua SV ve NCBSM.
Kit qua nghien ciHi phii hdp vdi cac nghien culj ciia Tjiang [8] va Bella [3].
Ty le SV co KT dat dU djnh NCBSM cao gap 4,19 lan SV cd KT chua dat (95% a OR: 2,22- 8,02). TUdng tU, ty le dU djnh NCBSM cua SV CO TD dat cao gap 3,95 l§n SV co TO chua dat (95% c i OR: 2,06-7,69). SU khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke.
Nhu vay, KT va TD deu o6 anh hudng Idn den dU dinh NCBSM trong tUdng lai ciia SV. Oa o6 nhiihg nghien oilJ chi ra rang nhuhg thdng tin va kinh nghiem ve NCBSM hoc hoi duttc tir quan sat cuoc sdng gia dinh va xa hdi se d l lai cho cac nu' sinh nhiihg an tUdng, thai dp kha ben vCihg, anh hudng^tdi quyet dinh ciia ho sau nay [4,8].
V. KET LUAN
- NhQng KT ve NCBSM con thieu chii yeu ciia SV nu' la thdi gian bu me hoan toan la 6 thang dau (7,1%), can cho tre bu me ca ngay va dem va bii theo nhu cau (36,7%), tac hai ciia bu binh (51,5%).
TD chua tot ciia SV chii yeu la thieu tin tudng d gia tri ciia siia me, anh hUdng oia viec cho con bu den kha n§ng tham gia cac hoat dpng xa hpi, sifc khoe, tham my, van de an bd sung sdm, bu me hoan toan trong 6 thang dau.
TO ciia SV ty le vdi KT cua ho ve NCBSM.
- Oa sd SV CO dU djnh NCBSM (79,1%). 84,5%
SV mudn cho con bii sdm, 24,5% o6 dU (Snh NCBSM hoan toan trong 6 thang dau, 44,2% o6 y djnh cho con bii tdi 18 thang hoac hdn.
- DU djnh ciia SV co lien quan vdi cac yeu td que quan, KT, TO ve NCBSM ciia SV. Khdng cd mdi lien quan giiia KT, TD, dU djnh NCBSM ciia SV va trinh do van hoa, nghe nghiep ciia me.
* Kien nghi:
CSn cd cac chUdng trinh bdi dUSng KT NCBSM cho ddi tUdng nQ' thanh nien dUdi nhieu hinh thifc: hoat ddng Doan ciia sinh vien, hoat dpng ngoai khoa, tU van.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bg Y le: Khoa hoc hanh vi va su'c khoe. Hlha Xuat ban Y hoc, 2006.
2. Tong qic Thong ke-Unioef: Oieu tra danh gia cac muc tieu ve tre em va phu nCf Viet nam 2006 - Nuoi oon being sOa me. Nha Xuit ban Thong ke 2007, tr.52.
3. Bella H.: Are Saudi female college student prepared for successful breastfeeding?. 1 R Soc Health, 1997,117 (6), pp.387-392.
4. Earle S.: Why some women do not breast feed:
bottie-feeding and fathers' role. Midwilery, 2000,16 (4), pp.323-330.
5. Kim I.: The effects of a breastfeeding campaign on adolescent Korean women. Pediatric Nursing, 1998, 24 (3), pp.235-240.
6. Lan T.P. D., Li L., Hoa N.T., Ushijima H.:
Prevalence of breastfeeding and its correlates in Hochiminh Qty. Pediatrlnt 2002, 44, pp.47-54.
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