Lien ket trong nong nghiep 6 mot so khu vu'c ven bien
Dong bang song Hong
NOaYEN THIKHGYEW Torn tat
Nghiin cffu tie'n hdnh phong vdn sdu trin 5 nhd nghien cffu vi phdt trien ndng nghiep, 15 cdn bd qudn ly cdp huyen, 100 chd the sdn xudt ndng nghiip d mdt so huyen ven hien Dong bang sdng Hong (DBSH) di ldm ro thuc trgng liin kit trong ndng nghiep vung ven biin DBSH. Tff dd, di xudt mgt so gidi phdp nhdm phdt triin lien kit trong ndng nghiip d khu vUc ndy trong dieu kien hien nay.
Ttf khoa: ndng nghiip, liin kit, ven biin, Dong bdng sdng Hong Summary
The study conducts in-depth interviews with 5 researchers on agricultural development, 15 district-level managers, 100 agricultural production subjects in several coastal districts of the Red River Delta so as to clarify the situation of linkage in agriculture in coastal areas of Red River Delta. On that basis, some solutions are proposed to develop this linkage in the current context Keywords' agriculture, linkage, coastal. Red River Delta
GlCfl THIEU
Vung ven biln DBSH la khu vtfe cd nen ndng nghidp lau ddi. Tuy nhien, nhffng nam gan day, cac dieu kien khach quan, nhtf: kinh te'thi tnfdng, hdi nhap, bid'n doi khi hau... dat ra yeu cau khach quan c^n phat trien ndng nghidp theo htfdng lien ke't. Vi vay, vide nghien ctfu va'n d l nay giup cac ehu thi san xua't ndng nghiep trong Vung nhin nhan thiTc ttang lien kd't trong ndng nghiep de eo giai phap phdt trien lidn ke't trong ndng nghidp thdi gian tdi.
c a S6 LY THUYET VA PHL/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Ca sd ly thuyit
Theo Nguyen Danh Sdn (2010), ndng nghidp etn dtTdc hieu la cac md'i lien ke't theo chudi san pham theo nghia rong bao gom ca qua irinh ttf dau vao de'n dau ra cud'i cung eua san xua'l ndng nghiep, ttf Irang trai de'n ban an.
Con Ho Que' Hau (2012) cho rang, lidn ke't ttong ndng nghiep la mdt ndi dung cua lien ke't kinh te', la qua trinh phan cdng lao ddng va gan kd't eac boat ddng kinh te gitfa eac chu Ihl san xua't ndng nghiep nham tang
tinh ehuyen mdn hda, tang nang sua't lao ddng, phat trid'n ben vulig ndng nghiep.
Trong nghien ctfu nay, ndng nghiep la nganh san xua't eua eai vat eha't la'y dd'i ttfdng san xua't la cay trong vSt nudi tao ra san pha'm ndng ph^m tren ed sd lien kd't chat ehe trong qua ttinh san xua't.
Lien ke't trong ndng nghiep dtfpe thiTc hien theo ca hen ke't ngang va hen ket dpc. Lidn kd't ngang trong ndng nghiep bao gom: lien gitfa eae tieu nganh ndng nghiep, nhtf: giffa ttong trpt vdi ehan nudi, diem nghiep vdi khai thac thuy san; lien kit gitfa cac chu the san xua't, kinh doanh trong cung ITnh vffc vdi nhau, hinh thanh ndn c^c hpp tac xa. Lien ke't dpe la lien ke't giffa chu ihl d cac khau theo dffdng di cua san pham, la lidn ke'l giffa san xuat vdi eae khau trffdc va cac khau sau san xua'l.
Trong lien ke't dpe, can ctf theo eac khau ed hen ke't trtfdc va lien kd'l sau.
Cdn lien ke't ttifdc the hien d khau tham dd, khao sal thi trtfdng, danh gia dieu kien dau vao san xuat nong nghiep d l du'a ra quye't dinh san xua't. Lien ke't 'ThS.. Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen tmyiin i Email: [email protected]
Ngdy nhdn l?di: 27/01/2019: Ngdy plidn Ijien; 17/02/2019; Ngdy duy'et ddng 24/02/2019 104
sau the hidn d viee cac chu the san xua't ndng nghiep x^y dtfng Hen kd't vdi cac chu the khac thtfe hidn thu gom, bao quan, chd' bie'n, thffdng mai ndng san.
Phuongphap nghien cdu De thtfc hien muc tieu nghien ctfu, tac gia stf dung phtfdng phap nghien etfu phan tich, tong hpp cac tai lidu v^ ndng nghiep, cac bao eao cua ed quan quan ly ndng nghiep dia phtfdng eae tinh Nam Dinh, Thai Binh va Ninh Binh. Dong thdi, tten hanh phong va'n trtfc tie'p, phdng va'n sau ttong khoang thdi gian ttf thang 05-08/2018. Trong do, tac gia tiin hanh phdng van tttfc tie'p 5 nha khoa hpe dang cdng lae tai Vien Han l^m Khoa hpe xa hdi Viet Nam, Hpc vien Chinh tri Qud'c gia Ho Chi Minh va Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn vdi cac cSu hdi ban ca'u hue de nam rut ra ke't luan ve ban chat, vai trd cua nong nghidp, hen kd'l ttong ndng nghiep va stf can thie't phai phat trien Uen ke't ttong ndng nghiep hidn nay.
Bdn canh dd, de nam dtfpe thtfe trang lien ke't trong ndng nghiep vung ven bien DBSH, t^c gi^ tte'n hanh phdng va'n 15 can bd quan ly ca'p huyen bang cac cau hdi ban ea'u triic va 100 ehu the san xuS't ndng nghiep tren dia ban cae huyen: Thai Thuy, Tien Hai (Thai Binh); Giao Thuy, Hai Hau, NghTa Hmig (Nam Dinh);
Kim Sdn (Ninh Binh). Trong so" 15 can bd quan ly, tac gia phong va'n trffe tie'p 9 can bd, 6 can bd phdng va'n qua dien thoai. Phat phie'u phdng va'n trtfc tie'p vdi lOOchu thi san xua't nong nghiep, thu ve 100 phieu cd thdng tin day du du'dc xtf ly bang phan mem Excel.
KET QUA NGHIEN CCU Ve nhgn thffc lien ki't trong ndng nghiip d viing ven biin DBSH
Kd't qua phdng vS'n sau 15 can bd quan ly cho thay, 14canbp (93%)can bd ca'p huyen cho bie't, mud'n san xua't ndng nghidp phat triln, ndng pham san xuat ra phai cd thi trffdng, ed doanh nghiep cam ke't thu gom bao tieu san pha'm, ngtfdi san xua't phai bid'l dtfdc Irtfde ve cae ye'u to', nhtf: gia ea, kha nang tieu thu, Ihi trtfdng tidu thu san pha'm cua minh. Cd I can bp (0,6%) cho bie't, hp chtfa nghe ve lien ke't trong ndng nghidp va vai trd lien ke't trong phat ttien ndng nghiep.
Dd'i vdi chu thi san xua't ndng nghiep, 95 ngtfdi (95%) dtfpe hdi cho bie't ho chtfa bie't gi vl hen ke't trong ndng nghiep. 5
BAMG 1: KHAO SAT VE TH^fC TRAMG NHAN THtfC CUA CAtH BO QOAN LY CAP HaVEN VE LIEN KET TRONG NONG NGHlgP
Ban vi: ' Kfe't qua
Bien Nong pham ban d dau NSng pham ban cho ai Nong pham san xual bang cong cu nao Gia thanh s^npham
Thu nhap c6 kha nang thu difdc Tong
Khdng bi^t
67 59 25 68 67 57,2
BiS't
25 33 27 29 24 27,6
Bie't rS^t ro
8 8 48 3 9 15.2 Nga. I. K e l qu*
ngffdi (5%) cho bidt ho cd nghe ndi nhu^g cijng chtfa hilu eu the ve lien ke'h
Bang 1 cho tha'y, 57,2% cac y kie'n tra ldi khong bid't de'n cac bieu hidn cu thi eua lien kit trtfdc va lien ke't sau san xua't. Sd'y kie'n bie't ve cac npi dung lien ke't tnfdc va lien kit sau la 27,6%. Sd' y kie'n bie't ra't ro ve hdn kd't trtfdc va sau cua san xua'l ndng nghiep la 15,2%. Ke't qua nay phan anh hieu bie't cua ngtfdi dan ndng nghiep vung ven biln ve lidn kd't trong ndng nghiep la ra't tha'p. Ttf duy san xua't mang tinh tff cung tff cap, ttf phat cdn nang ne. So' liTdng ngifdi bie't xem xet thi tnrdng de ltfa chon dd'i ttfdng edng nghe san xuat, flm kilm ddi tac dau ra cho san pham trtfdc khi tie'n hanh san xua't la ra't tha'p.
vi lien ki't trUdc trong ndng nghiip d vUng ven biin DBSH
Kit qua nghien ctfu tren 100 chu the san xua't ndng nghiep cho tha'y, ed 78% y kie'n eho bid't, ltfa chpn san pha'm dd' san xua't dtfa tren truyen thd'ng gia dinh.
Trong khi do, cd 19% y kie'n cho rang, ltfa chpn san pham d l ban de san xua't. Sd' y kie'n cho bid'l da nghien cffu khao sat thi trtfdng trtfdc khi tie'n hanh san xua't la 1%. Kd't qua nay phan anh rang, hau he't lien ke't trtfdc trong san xuS't ndng nghiep tren nen tang cua ttf duy kinh te' hang hda chtfa dtfde thffe hidn. Hau bet ngifdi dan lam thtf minh quen lam, lam ttf phat tren cP sd kinh nghiem s3n cd. Day ta nguyen nhan dSn de'n san phim lam ra khd tteu thu, san xuat duy tri quy md nho be, manh mtfn, ttf ca'p tff tuc.
vi Uin kit sau trong phdt triin ndng nghiip d vdng ven biin DBSH
Khao sat tren 100 chu thi san xua't ndng nghiep ve hen ke't sau cho tha'y, 15% y kie'n trd ldi ndng san chi de phiic vu nhu cau tieu dung sinh boat ciia gia dinh.
78% ndng san d l diing mot phan, phan dtf thtfa dtra ban tren tren tbi trffdng ttf do. 7% cau tra ldi la nong pha'm san xua't ra de ban. Dilu nay eho Iha'y, lien ket sau trong ndng nghiep hau nhff ehtfa phat irien, hau bet san pham dtfdc san xua't ra phuc vu cho nhu cau tidu dung sinh boat, phan edn lai vtfdt qua nhu cau ti6u dung sinh boat dtfdc ban le tren thi trtfdng ttdi nd'i, ttf do, gia ca bap bdnh. Ty le san xuat theo ddn dat hang, ed lien ke't vdi doanh nghiep bao tteu, che'bie'n ra't tha'p (7%).
Economy and Forecast Review 105
BAriG 2: THlTC TRANG LLEM KET QlflA TRSfHG TRQT Vdl CHAM NUOI Ong^a stf dung phSn bdn lo^i nao? Ke't qua Phan hffu cd u hoai muc tif phan xiic vat va cay xanh Vira phan hffu cd vCfa phan b6n hda hoc Toan bo phan hoa hoc difdng rl va difdng la
3 8 47
Phin tr^m 5,2 13,8 81,0
BANG 3: THtJC TRANG LIEN KET GICfA CHAN NOdl VCJl T R 6 N G TROT Ong/ba stf dung thtfc an cbSn nu8i lo^i nao?
Ho^n toan tir rau, cu, qua, ngd, rdm
Vifa tir ran, ciia qua, ngo, rdm. viia ket hdp thite an cong nghiep Tif thu'c an cong nghiep
Ke't qua 5 7 24
PhSn trSm 13,9 19,4 66,7 Mguon- Ket qua tinh toan cua tac gia
Ve lien ke't ngang trong phdt trien ndng nghiip d vdng ven bien DBSH
Kit qua tff Bang 2 va Bang 3 cho thS'y, hau he'l hoat ddng trong trot va chan nudi chu ye'u stf dung thtfe an va phan bdn cdng nghiep, vd cd. Trong trong trpt 81%
chu the stf dung phan vd cd, trong chan nudi 66,7%
stf dung thtfc an edng nghiep. Ty le stf dung phan htfu ed trong ttong trpt la 5,2%, t^ Id stf dung thtfc an tff nhidn la 13,9%. Ke't qua tren minh chtfng eho stf diit gay ttong lien ke't ngang gitfa trong ttot va ehan nudi theo kiiu nhd le, truyin thd'ng.
Ve Uin ki't doc trong phdt triin ndng nghiep d vung ven biin DBSH
Ke't qua dieu tta cho tiia'y, huydn Thai Thuy va Tien Hai (tinh Thai Binh) phat trien lien ke't dpc bang viec da ky hpp dong cung tfng cac san pham thuy san sach, nhtf;
ngao, tdm vdi Tap doan VinGroup. Nhtfng san pham nay dtfde san xua't, thu gom, bao quan theo quy trinh lieu chuan cua VinGroup, ban trong he thd'ng VinMart.
Ngoai ra, trffdng hpp phat triln lien ke't giffa Hdp t^c xa San xua'l, kinh doanh dieh vu ndng nghiep Ddng Hoang (huydn Tien Hai) vdi Cdng ty TNHH Hffng Cue eung la mdt minh chtfng eho vai trd ciia stf phat trien lien kd't doc. Cu the: Cdng ty TNHH Htfng Cue da thtfc hien lien ke't vdi 30 hdp tac xa d huydn Tien Hai va Thai Thuy, vdi dien tich tren 2.000ha. Stf phat triln hdn ke't da tao thi trtfdng dau ra d'n dinh cho ndng san.
Ben canh do, cdn cd lien ke't dpc gitfa Hiep hpi Gao Tam Xoan Hai H^u vdi Vien Chie'n Itfde va Chinh s^ch
phat tndn ndng nghidp ndng thdn (B6 Ndng nghiep va Ph^l ttiln ndng tiidn).
Lien ke't nay giup xac dinh va cdng nhan danh tie'ng, tinh dac tbu, bi quye'l truyen tho'ng, stf on dinb vl cha't Itfdng san pha'm, xay dtfng thtfdng hieu gao Tam Xoan Hai Hau tten thi tttfdng trong nffdc va qud'c te'. Tuy nhien, tidn ke't dpc chifa trd thanh pho bie'n, sff hinh thanh cdn mang tinh ttf phat.
KET LUAN VA MOT SO DE XUAT Kd'l qua nghien ctfu cho tha'y, cac lien ke't trong ndng nghiep d mpt so' khu vffc ven biln vung DBSH hinh thanh iff phat, thie'u chat che, hieu qua ehffa eao.
D l thuc day phat trid'n lidn kd'l trong ndng nghiep nham phat trie'n ndng nghiep hang hda ldn bin vffng d vung ven biln DBSH, theo tac gia, can thffc hien dong bd mdt sd' giai phap, nhur sau:
Mgt Id, nang cao nhSn thtfc eua can bp quan ly va cac chu the san xua't ndng nghiep ve lien kel ttong ndng nghiep, vai trd va tinh ta't ye'u cua viee phat trien lien kd't trong ndng nghiep.
Hai Id, can bp quan ly phat trien ndng nghiep vung can bam sat thtfc tidn de tham mmi cho vide xay dtfng cac chinh sach phat trien Hen ke't trong ndng nghiep.
Ba la, xay dffng nhihig quy dinh cua phap luat hen quan de'n vide t^ch rdi quyln s5 hifu, quyen stf dung da't dai, cac hdp dong kinh le' giffa cac chu the trong hen ke't tao hanh lang phap ly thuan ldi cho phat trien lidn ket.
Bdn Id, Irie'n khai thi diem md hinh lien ke't de nhan rdng trong toan Vung.
Ndm Id, cd chinh sach hd trd vdi cac doanh nghidp tham gia vao lien ke't, dac biet la cac khau ehe' bie'n va lieu thu ndng san.Q
JTAILEEU THAIVLKHAO - - _ _ 1. Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat ttien ndng thdn tinh Nam Dinh (2018). Bdo cdo tinh hinh phdt triin ndng nghiip, ndng thon ndm 2018
2. Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn tinh Thai Binh (2018). Bdo cdo tinh hinh phdt triin ndng nghiep, ndng thdn ndm 2018 _
3. SdNdng nghiep va Phdt trien ndng thdn tinh Ninh Binh (2018). Bdo cdo tinh hinh phdt trien ndng nghiep, nong thdn ndm 2018
4. Ho Que' Hau (2012). Liin kit giua doanh nghiep chibie'n ndng sdn vdi ndng ddn Viit Nam, Nxb Dai hoc Kinh te'qud'c dan Viet Nam, Ha Ndi
5. Nguydn Danh Sdn (2010). Ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, ndng ddn Viet Nam trong qud tnnh phdt triin ddt nudc theo hudng Men dgi, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hdi, Ha Ndi
