KHOA HOC
Mot SO van do ve suT dung
ket can thep trong xav duhg cong trinh cang d Viet Nam
(Tiep theo So 8/2010)
ThS. H O A N G SON DiNH Vien Khoa hpc&Cdng nghe GTVT
Khu vifc mien Trung
Trong nhOng nam gan diy, viee sOdung ke't ca'u thep trong xay dOng cang d khu vOc mien Trung noi b i t len vdi viec xay dong cing Nha miy Ipc dau Dung Quit. Day l i mdt he thdng cang chuyen dung xuat xang dau bao gdm 06 ben, dope bd tri thanh tOng cap 02 ben cho tau dau 50.000 DWX 02 ben cho tau dau 30.000 DWT v i 02 ben cho tau dau 25.000 DWT.
Tren co sd ve die diem dja hinh khu vOc chi dOpfc che chan mdt phan, yeu cau ve dieu kien an toan trong khai thic va dien tfch eua khu node, cang dope bd tri cich xa bd, nam d phfa trong de chan sdng. Do die diem ve dieu kien dja chit cd tang da gdc xuit hien d cao dp trpng khoang tO- 23.0 ^ - 27m, Idp phu ben tren la bun set ye'u, chieu day mdng, cang duac thie't ke cd dang ke't ci'u be cpc cao dai cOng tren nen cpc.
Hinh 4 - Mat bang bo trf cang va de chan song Nha may loc dau Dung Quat
Kit cdu mong
Toan bd cdng, trinh sO dung hon 2.000 cpc dng thep O800H-1.000mm, diy 16mm, ddng xien toan bd. Mui cpc dOPe thie't ke ngim vao ldp d i sau nhit tdi 5m bang phoong phip khoan tao 16, ha cpc vio trong Id v i bom vOa BT lien ket mui
Hinh 6-Cdng Nhd mdy Ipe ddu Dung Quat sau khi hodn thdnh cpc vio nen da. Phan cpc nam d khu vifc mUe nUdc thay doi dupe son bio ve, trong do tai vj trf nam dudi cao dp mUc nude t h i p nhit khoing 2m dupe son bang loai son die biet ed the ddng cOng va dinh bim tdt vao be mat thep trong dieu kien thi edng d dOdi node. Phan cpc ludn ngap trong node duac bao ve bang phoong phip dien hda vdi he thdng protector.
Kit cdu tren
Be cpc dai cOng bang BTCT do tai cho lien ket cic dau cpc theo tOng tru dpc lap. Cic tru dope ndi vdi nhau bang he thdng cic eau dan dope td hpp tO cic dam d i n thep.
Ddnh gid vi cong trinh
- Vao thdi diem hien tai, day la cang cho tau chd xing dau cd quy md Idn nhit Viet Nam, ddng thdi cung la cang cd quy md sO dung ke't cau thep nhieu nha't trong cic cang da dope xay dOng d riodc ta.Trong do, toan bp cpc thep deu dOOe nhap kha'u to node ngoai do trong node chOa cd kha nang sin xua't dope loai cpc d i p Ong vdi yeu cau cua thie't ke;
- Nhieu cdng nghe mdi trong thie't ke va thi cdng cpc dng thep tren nen d i gdc dope i p dung thanh edng trong do an niy. Trong do, lan dau tien i p dung phoong phap khoan xien
Tapchi HdnghaiVietNam • 9 / 2 0 1 0 - 3 7
KHOA HOC;
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S>4_DRILLING DEPTH OF 5M (VIEW) B - B
Hinh 5 - Ca'u tao ngam mui coc vao nen da
tren nen d i de ngam cpc vao nen, hoac phuong phip son bio ve coed dudi nude.
Mot so cang phia Nam xay dUng trUorc nam 1975 Trong nhOng nam chien tranh Viet Nam, edng binh hii quan My c6 xay dung mpt sd cang quan sU da chien d mien Nam cd sO dung ket cau thep. Hien nay, trong nhimg edng trinh nay cd cang da dope dd bo, cd cang dOOc xay mdi, hoac sOa chOa nang cap nhU:
Qudn cdng Cam Ranh
Trong khu vifc Cam Ranh, trUdc day ngUdi My xay dUng 3 ben tau phuc vu cho tau chien neo dau, cdng trinh duoc bd tri theo dang ben nhd vudng gdc vdi bd. Vao nhOng nam 90 cua the ky trudc, khi chuyen giao cho phia Viet Nam quan ly thi con 2 ben.
Ben thO nhat: Ben dang cau t i u be cpc cao cd ket cau tren bang BTCT, mdng sO dung cpc thep due dang chO H tiet dien 35 x 35cm. Sau mot thdi gian dai khai thac nhung khdng dUpc dau t u duy tu sOa chda, cdng trinh d i bi xudng cap ning ne.
Cpc thep chO H bj i n mdn rat manh, b i n einh bi gay vd, cpc khdng dam b i o dp cUng chju life; ngay c i khi khai thac vdi tau nhd, cdng trinh bi rung lac va chuyen vj vUpt q u i gidi han cho phep. Vl vay, cdng trinh d i duac dd bd v i xay dUng thay the bang cau tau sOdung hoin t o i n ket cau BTCT
Ben thO hai: Danh cho t i u ed t i i trpng Idn neo dau, cdng trinh cd cau tao k h i dac biet:
Ket cau tren la mdt he phao thep Idn, kfeh thudc vao khoang: dai x rdng x cao = 60 x 18 x 4 (m); ke't ci'u mdng l i he thdng gom 08 cpc dng thep dudng kfnh 2,0m ddng thang dOng; phao thep duac dinh vj bdi he thdng cpc thdng qua cic 16 chOa tren phao; phao ed the tu ning ha theo sU thay doi mifc nudc thuy trieu hoac bang he thdng kich thiiy life.
Sau nay, he thdng ning ha bj hU hdng, de d i m bio khai thic, ngUdi ta da lien ket han co dinh he thdng phao ndi. Hien, cdng trinh d i dupc p h i dd hoan t o i n v i xiy dUng mdi bang ket cau cd sOdung cpc dng BTCTdU Ong life.
Tdn Cdng TP.Ho Chi Minh
Day eung la mdt cing quin sO da chien cua quin dpi My trong chien tranh. Cing cd ke't cau be cpe cao vdi cac die diem:
Ket eau ban mat cing bang BTCT d i t tren he dam d i n bang ong thep to hpp dope che tao theo djnh hinh. Ke't cau mdng la he thdng cpc dng thep (DBOOmm, cic cpc niy dope lien ket vdi nhau thdng qua he thdng dam dan dng thep. He thdng dem phia trodc ben bao gdm khung thep va dem cao su eung dUpc dd bang he thdng cpe thep hinh chO H. Sau nay, he thdng nay dope thay the bang he thdng tru va tren nen cpc vudng BTCT Do dope duy tu sOa chOa thodng xuyen nen den nay Cang van dam bio hoat ddng tdt.
Cac cang phia Nam xay difng sau nam 1975
Cdng LPG Thj Vdi: l i cang chuyen dung xuat nhap khf hoa Idng. Cdng trinh dope thiet ke theo dang ben xa bd, cd cau dan gdm cic tru neo, tru va va san cdng nghe ddc lap. Cong trinh dooc xiy dUng v i o nhOng nawm 1999 - 2001 gdm 02 ben eho tau chd LPG 20.000 DWT va 2.000 DWT. Ket cau cac tru kieu be cao dai cOng tren nen cpc dng thep 0816mm, day
16mm. Do han che ve cdng nghe, cpc dng thep dope gia cdng che tao trong node theo phOPng phip eudn thep tam thanh nhOng doan cong nOa hinh dOdng trdn, sau do dope han to hpp lai theo phoong phip han to ddng. Do dieu kien ve dja chat edng trinh, de dam bao sOc chju t i i theo yeu cau, cpc dupe thiet ke bjt kin mui, ben trong lip day cat de tang dp cUng. Trong pham vi mUc nUdc thay doi, chieu day cpc difpc t i n g len thanh 22mm dU trO an mdn de dam bao tuoi thp thiet ke cua cdng trinh, ddng thdi be mat cpc dupe sPn phii de bao ve. Toan bd phan ngap nudc cua he thdng cpc dupe bao ve bang phUOng phip ddng dien ngoai vdi anot hy sinh.
Hinh 7-Cang xuat nhap LPG cho tau 20.000 DWT Do yeu cau ve dam b i o an toan cao trong chdng chay no, cung vdi viee van hanh eua nha miy che bie'n khi hda Idng, cing LPG Vung Tau dupe quan ly va khai thic vdi quy trinh rat chit che. Cdng trinh duac mua bio hie'm eua L'loyd Register, trong q u i trinh thiet ke v i thi cdng xay lap deu ed su theo ddi v i chip nhan cua cic chuyen gia do L'loyd chi dinh. Sau 8 nam dua vao khai thic, ket q u i kiem dinh chat luong he thdng mdng cpc dng thep (D812mm cho thay: Hien tai, phan coc nam trong mifc nude thay doi dupe duy tu, b i o quan kha tdt Hau het cic cpe cd be mat phang, Idp son phu nhan- mdt so
3 8 - T a p c h i HdnghaiVietNam • 9/2010
KHOAHOC
: 6 n g n g h ^
cpc cd mpt vai vj tri bj i n mdn cue bd lim eho be mat cpc san sui. Chieu day doan cpc nam trong mifc nUde thay doi cua tOng tru bj i n mdn trung binh 0,62 -^ 0,95mm, tdc dp an mdn trung binh vio khoang 0,0775 -H 0,1187mm/nim.
Tdc dp an mdn nhO vay la tOOng doi Idn, nhong chu ye'u xiy ra d giai doan trOde day do thi edng keo dai. He thdng bao ve cpc bang ddng dien ngoii v i n hoat ddng binh thodng va dope kiem tra thodng xuyen theo djnh ky. Tuy nhien, viec dinh g i i hieu q u i thOe te ciia edng nghe bio ve phan cpc dOdi node van chOa cd dieu kien de thOc hien.
Cang phia Nam dang chuan bj xay dUng
Mdt sd cing tai khu vOc Cii Mep - Thj Vai chuan bj dope xiy dOng bang ngudn vdn ODA cua Chfnh phu Nhat Ban, gdm:
Cdng container quoc tiCdi Mep Vdi quy md cd khi ning tie'p nhin t i u container 50.000 DWT day t i i va tau container 80.000 DWT giim t i i . Difa tren ke't q u i nghien cOu ve dieu kien dia chat cdng trinh cd tang d i t ye'u day, cing Cii Mep dope bd tri dang ben xa bd, cd cau dan. Ke't ca'u phu hpp d i dOOc lOa chpn cho cdng trinh la sOdung ke't cau mdng dang cpc dng thep va cpc dng BTCT do Ong lOe.
Cdng tong hpp qudc teThi Vdi Cang dOpic thie't ke cho t i u hang tdng hpp trpng tai 50.000 DWT day t i i . Vdi dieu kien dja chat, dja hinh khu vUc, cang dupe bd trf lien bd. Ket eau cdng trinh kieu be cpc cao, sO dung cpc dng thep v i todng chan bang cO thep phia sau ben.
Trong xiy dOng cing d Viet Nam, ket ca'u thep thodng ehl dOPe sO dung trong cac cdng trinh cing bien thudc cic do i n vien trpJchdng hoan lai, do i n
Htfp tac quocte...
phoong i n hinh ddng chung vdi cic don vj, Trung tam TKCN tren bien node ngoai, khu vifc de sOdung khi can thiet.
Ddi vdi ngUdi tham gia hogt dpng tren biin
"fang cOdng cap nhat nam bat cic quy djnh, phip luat lien quan den hoat ddng TKCN ndi chung vaTKCN tren bien ndi rieng; nam bat nhufng kien thOe ehung, tong quit ve nghiep vuTKCN tren bie'n, san sing sOdung khi cd tinh hudng;
TO giic, khan trOOng tham gia hoat dpng TKCN tren bien khi phit hien thay
cd ngudn vdn ODA hoac trong nhOng cdng trinh cd quy md Idn, ky thuat phOc tap cd cic yeu cau cao ve dam bao on djnh va kha ning chju lOc... l i do thep l i vat lieu dat tien, ddi hdi vdn dau to ban dau Idn.
Trong cac hang muc ke't ca'u cua mpt cdng trinh cang, ke't ci'u thep dOOc sO dung chu yeu de lam mdng cpc va/hoic todng chan trong cic cdng trinh ben dang be cpc cao, ben dang tOdng cO cd neo hoac trong cic cdng trinh ben dang be cpc cao bo tri lien bd. Do vay, ke't ci'u thep thudng dupe bd tri d hai khu vUc:
khu vUc mUc nUde thay ddi v i khu vUe ludn bj ngap nUdc.
De bao ve ket cau thep chdng lai sU xam thiTc cua moi trUdmg, d Viet Nam thudng ap dung mot trong cac giai phap CO hieu qua sau:
Doi vdi kit cdu thep ndm trong khu viic miic nifdc thay doi
- Bpc be-tdng cdt thep ben ngoii cdt thep cho xudng de'n dUdi muc nude t h i p thiet ke 0,5-^ 1,0m;
- Son phu bang cic loai son polyme, son chdng ha bim.
Ddi vdi kit cdu thep ndm trong khu viic luon bi ngap nifdc, sd dung cac phuong phdp dien hoa, gom:
- Phuong phip bio ve bang ddng dien ngoai;
- Phuong phip bio ve bang protector.
Oe viec sO dung ke't cau thep trong xay dOng cic cdng trinh cang cd hieu q u i hon ddi vdi vat lieu thep nen nghien cOu viee sO dung thep hpp kim t h i p de han ehe tdc dp i n mdn, die biet l i an mdn trong q u i trinh thi cdng (cd the keo dai den hang nam), ddng thdi cd tinh hop ly ve gii thinh; dau to xay dOng cic nha miy due, che tao ket cau thep d i p Ong dope cic yeu cau ve ky
(Tiep tfieo trang 44) hoac khi cd yeu cau cua co quan cd thim quyen;
Thdng bio kjp thdi, chinh xie thdng tin vu viee tai nan, sO cd tren bien theo quy djnh de kjp thdi td chOc hoat dpng trp giup. Phdi hpp chat che vdi co quan chOc nang trong viec tim kiem, cOu nan, so t i n ngodi phOong tien bj nan tren bie'n.
Ket iuan
Phdi hpp qudc teve TKCN tren bien ndi chung va phdi hop trong hoat dpng thu nhin, xO ly va to chOc kjp thdi, hieu qui
thuat d trong nOdc de giam g i i thanh xay dOng; dau to nghien cOu bo sung them cic giai phip cd hieu qua trong viec bao ve ket cau thep chdng lai sO x i m thifc cua mdi trOdng, de cd the lOa chpn giii phip phu hpp ve kinh te, ky thuit ddi vdi dieu kien cu the cua tOng cdng trinhdD
Tai lieu tham khao
[1 ]. Phong Gang - Budng thiiy Vien KHCN GTVT (1 992)"H6 SO kiem djnh cangTan Cang -TP.Ho Chi Minh".
[2]. Phong Cang -Dudng thuy Vien KHCN GTVT (1995) "Ho so kiem djnh cau tau so 3 Quan cang Cam Ranh".
[3]. Phong Cang -DUdng thuy Vien KHCN GTVT (2001)"H6 so kiem djnh cong trinh Ben so 4,5,6 Cang chinh - Gang Hai Phong".
[4]. Phong Gang -Dudng thuy Vien KHCN GTVT (2004) "Ho sO kiem djnh cong tnnh Ben so 1,2,3 Gang chinh - Gang Hai Phong phuc vu neo dau tau 30.000 DWT giam tai".
[5]. Phong Gang -DUdng thuy Vien KHCN GTVT (2008)"H6 so kiem dinh cong trinh Ben so 7,8 Gang chinh - Gang Hai Phong".
[6]. Gong ty TUvan Nippon Go.Ltd vaTedi (1996) "Ho so thiet ke ky thuat - DU an nang cap cang Hai Phong giai doan khan cap".
[7]. Phong Gang -Dudng thiiy Vien KHCN GTVT (1992) "Bao cao tham tra Ho so thiet ke ky thuat - DU an nang cap cang Hai Phong giai doan khan cap''
[8]. Gong ty TU van Nippon Go.Ltd &
Associates (2001) "Ho so Du an cai tao nang cap cang Hai Phong giai doan 11".
[9]. Phong Gang -Dudng thuy Vien KHCN GTVT (2001) "Bao cao tham tra Ho so DU an cai tao nang cap cang Hai Phong giai doan 11".
[10]. Phong Gang - DUdng thuy Vien KHCN GTVT (1999-2001) "Ho sO thiet ke ky thuat thi cong cang LPG Thj Vai".
[11]. Vien nghien cdu phat trien duyen hai quoc te Nhat Ban (OGDI) va Gong ty Tu van cang Nhat Ban (JPG) (2002) "Nghien cdu phat trien cang mien Nam Viet Nam".
cic hoat dpng tim kie'm cOU nan tren bien khi ed tinh huong xiy ra giOa loc lOpng, phoong tien TKCN eua Viet Nam va lOe loong, phoong tien TKCN cua qudc te va khu vOc la mdt trong nhufng bien phip hOu hieu va phu hop vdi yeu cau cua quocte va cu the la khuyen cio cua Cdng Ode SAR 79 ma hien nay chung ta dang pha'n dau hoan thien, d i p Ong.
Oe thOc hien dupc mue tieu nay ddi hdi moi coquan, don vj v i ei nhan trong xa hpi can nghiem tuc, tO giic chap hanh cic quy djnh cua phip luat, chOc ning da dope phan cdng, hoan thanh tot nhiem vu dooc giaodP
