Ung dung tu duy quan tri tinh gon "Made in Vietnam"
vao doanh nghidp xay drnig cdng trinh giao thong
Khoa Van tai kinh td, Truong Dai hoc Giao thong van \a\
Bai vidt gidi thigu Iy thuydl tu duy quan tri tinh gpn "Made in Vietnam"; dd tu do flng dung lu duy quan tri tinh gpn vao doanh nghiep xay dyng cdng Irinh giao IhOng nham ndng eao higu qud sdn xudl kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep.
I.Batvande
Trong nhirng ndm gdn ddy, do sue gp tu sy egnh tranh todn cdu cflng nhu bdu qua eua cude khung hodng kinh td thg gidi, Vigl Nam da va dang gap phai khdng It khd khan, so lupng doanh nghigp hogt dpng kgm liigu qud khdng ngiing tang. Thye td nay phan dnh nhiing tdn tai, hgn chd trong lu duy vd phuong phdp qudn tri didu hdnh doanh nghidp. Doanh nghidp xay dung cdng trinh giao thdng eung ndm trong bdi cdnh do. Chinh vi vay vide ap dyng eae md hinh, phuong phap qudn tri hidn dgi sd ndng eao sflc egnh tranh efla doanh nghidp va hidu qud trong sdn xuat kinh doanh. Ndi bat trong ede md hinh vd phuong phdp qudn tri Id tu duy quan tn tinh gpn "Made In Vietnam", viee img dung tu duy quan tri tinh gpn se giiip doanh nghigp xay dyng cdng trinh giao thdng hogt ddng hidu qua hon.
2. Kha nang ung dung tu duv quan tri tinh gon
"Made in Vietnam" vao doanh nghiep xay dung cong trinh giao thong
2.1 Tu duy quan tri tinh gon " Made in Vietnam"
Tu duy qudn tri tinh gpn "Made in \^dt Nam" Id lu duy quan tri tao ra Ipi nhuan/gia tri gia tang cho doanh nghiep, td chuc bdng each dung Iri tud cua con ngudi (ho^c tri lue eua td chirc), cdt gidm tdi da chi phi lang phi. Tu duy ndy ed the dupe didn gidi thdng qua be cdng thfle (1,2,3) dudi ddy:
IQl NHUAN = DOANH THU — CHi PHI (1) Trong dd: Chi phi = Chi phi thue -i- Chi phi Idng phi (2) Chi phi Idng phi = Chi phi Idng phi htru hinh -i- Chi phi lang phi vd hinh (3)
Cdch thiie bigu qud giup tdng lpi nhudn doanh nghidp ehinh Id cdt giam chi phi hoac tdng doanh thu.
Vide gia tdng doanh thu thdng qua tdng gid bdn ho^c sdn lupng thudng cd gidi ban do phy thude vdo quan hd cung — cdu bdn thi trudng vd ngudn lyc htiu hgn efla doanh nghidp. ^ khia cgnh cdt gidm chi phi,
doanh nghidp khdng ndn cat gidm ehi phi thye, tire Id ede ehi phi edn thigt dd duy tri hogt ddng sdn xudt kinh doanh, dam bdo ehat lupng efla sdn phdm nhu ehi phi nguyen vat lieu, luong cdng nhan,...Vi vay, giai phdp giup doanh nghigp tang Icri nhuan mot each bgn vung ehinh la khdng ngimg edi gidm ede ehi phi lang phi.
Chi phi lang phi tdn lgi dudi hai hinh thuc la: chi phi Idng phi hflu hinh va ehi phi Idng phi vd hinh.
- Chi phi lang phi htiu hinh phd bien vd khd de nhan dien trong qua trinh sdn xudt — kinh doanh. Cdc lang phi ndy cd thd tdn lal dudi dgng lang phi vg co sd vat chat (do du thfla kho bai, mdy mdc thiet bj khdng su dung hdt cdng sudt...); Idng phi nguydn vdt ligu, sdn xual thua hay cde thdi quen lang phi nhu quen khong tat den, tdt van nude, in dn thira tai lieu,... ;iang phi do sai hdng (san xudt san phdm Idi, eung ling djch vu khdng dung mong mudn efla khdch hang); lang phi thdi gian (thdi gian chd dpi gifla eae khdu cua sdn xudl, ehd dpi trong qua trinh sdn xuat dich vy)...
- Chi phi lang phi v6 hinh gdm Idng phi trong lu duy (tu duy phdt trien, tdm nhin, tridt ly phdt tridn...), trong phuong phdp ldm vide (edeh thue tridn khai, quy hinh trien khai cdng viec) va trong vide bd Id eae co hpi phat trign(eo hdi tang trudng, co hdi kinh doanh,...);
ehi phi Idng phi ndy duoc eho Id nhieu hon dang ke so vdi cac lang phi hflu hinh.
2.2 Nghien cuu cac lang phi vd nguyen nhan gay lang phi trong hogt ddng san xud't kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep xdy dung cdng trinh giao thdng, giai phdp ndng cao hidu qud san xud't kinh doanh.
Di phye vu cho qua trinh thu thdp sd ligu thu cap, nhdm nghien eiiu sogn ra bdng hdi ddnh eho cdc gidm dde doanh nghigp xdy dyng edng trinh giao thdng vd cdc dpi trudng thi edng cde edng trinh giao thdng. Ndi dung bang hdi giflp ngudi tra Idi dua ra dupe nhirng j ' kidn va quan didm vd nhiing lang phi efla cdc doanh nghidp dang mde phdi, nhdm nghign euu tdp trung chinh vdo nhiing vdn dd lidn quan ddn vide ndng giam thidu chi phi lang phi mdt each Ihidl
A T± C H A U A - T H A I a i N H D l / D N G
25
NGHIEN cuu
RESEARCH
thuc va hidu qua nhat.
Cdc lang phi edn tdn lai
/. Z,dng phi hiiu hinh tgi cdc Doanh nghiep xdy dung cong trinh giao thong
* Tdn kho khdng hpp Iy: nguydn vai lieu + Thfla so vdi nhu eau. tdn kho qua nhidu.
+ Thidu so vdi nhu edu san xuat: sd lupng, chat lupng, ehung loai, kip thdi
-> Idng phi thdi gian san xuat thi cdng, vd hidu qua thi cdng,...
Nguydn nhdn
- Chua dp dyng md hinh tdn kho.
- Ke hogeh cung flng nguyen vat lieu ehua hop Iy.
- Phuong phap hoaeh djnh nhu eau vat lidu ehua ehinh xae.
Gidi phdp
-I- Md hinh tdn kho bop ly: EOQ
+ xay dung ke hoach cung ling hpp ly, hidu qua.
-1- Phuong phap MRP: Hogch dinh nhu cdu vat lieu.
* Ldng phi nguydn vdt lidu:
+ Hao phi nguydn vat lieu vupt mflc eho phep, + Thi edng hdng phdi gia cdng lai..
-1- Chat lupng nguyen vdt lidu khdng ddm bdo, lang phi vdt lieu, ldng phi thdi gian lao ddng,
Nguydn nhdn
- Hao phi do vdn ehuyen, thi edng, bao qudn, nguydn vat lieu
- Phuong phdp thi edng khdng dung - Mua sdm nguydn v$t lieu Gidi phdp
+ Phuong phdp vdn chuydn phu hpp, he thdng tdn kho hpp ly
-I- Phuong phdp thi edng phfl hpp
hidu qua, gitra cdc cdng trinh, edng trudng -I- May mde hdng khi thi cdng: dnh hudng ddn thdi gian san xual..
Nguydn nhan
- Sir dyng mdy mde thi cdng khdng theo kd hogch - Chua khai thac cdng sual mdy nhdn rdi,..
Giai phap
+ Xdy dung nhgt trinh su dung may mde thi edng -I- Cho thud mdy mde khi nhdn rdi
-I- Kiem tra may Irudc khi thi cdng, sua chira djnh ky, thudng xuydn
* Lang phi ve lao ddng:
-I- Ve thdi gian Iao ddng: den mudn vg sdm.
-I- Lang phi vg nang suat lao ddng:
Nguydn nhan
- Bdn thdn cdng nhdn ddn sdm vd mudn - Chua xay dung dinh mue ve thi edng, dinh mue lao ddng ndi bd doanh nghiep
Gidi phap
-I- Quy dinh vd thdi gian Idm vide cua ngiroi lao ddng -I- xay dyng dinh miic thi cdng eho doanh nghidp + xay dyng tam thd eho ngudi lao ddng
* Lang phi do cac nguydn nhan khaeh quan:,...
-I- Do anh hudng cua thdi lidt, mua, bao, Ifl,.. th^
gian thi edng gian dogn
+ Do ehu ddu tu ehdm ban giao mgt bdng dd thi cdng,... tidn dp thi edng
Nguydn nhdn - Anh hudng cua thdi lidt
- Khd khdn hong gian phdng mat bdng Gidi phdp
-I- Ke hoach Udn dp thi edng phdi xgt tdi ydu td thdi tiet Kd hogch phdi hpp chinh xac ve lidn dp giiia chu -I- Ap dgng phuong phap kidm tra nguydn vdt lieu ddu tu vd nha Ihdu
ddu vao "- l-dng phi vd hinh tai cdc Doanh nghiep xdy dimg
* Lang phi thdi gian sdn xuat, lign dp, do ehd dpi cong trinh giao thong giiia cdc khdu san xudt,.. bd phgn eung ung nguygn
vat ligu, thi edng ede edng doan, giai dogn thi cdng xdy dyng, ldp ddt thidl hi,...
Nguygn nhan
- Kg hogch cung ung ehua chinh xac
- Phdi hpp ehua tdt giua bd phdn xay dyng va bd phdn ldp ddt
Gidi phdp
+ Phucmg phdp MRP — Hoaeh djnh nhu cdu vdt ligu. Ke hogeh cung ung ehinh xde
-I- Qudn ly du an vg tidn dp:
* Nhat trinh su dyng mdy mde khdng hpp ly, ehua khai thdc hdt cdng sual may.
h Trinh ly su dyng may mde d cac cdng trinh, cdng
Lao ddng:
+ Td ehue qudn ly trong xay dyng, phuong phap didu hanh doanh nghigp, eae thiic tridn khai, quy hinh trien khai cdng vige,
-I- Phuong phap Iao ddng eua cdng nhan:
+ Thai dd lao ddng cua cdng nhan:
Nguydn nhan
- Lanh dgo doanh nghiep chtra dp dung md hinh qudn tri doanh nghiep hidn dgi
- Lanh dgo doanh nghigp ehua nghign eflu ap dyng phucmg phap thi edng tidn tien
- Ngudi lao ddng chua cd tam the tdt trong cdng vide Giai phap
Nha lanh dao doanh nghiep ung dung tu duy tnrdng khdng hpp Iy, chdng ehdo,.. khdng khai thae QU^^ tn tinh gpn — LEAN, vao doanh nghidp hdt cdng suat. ^ -i- Td ehue thi cdng hpp 1^,.. phan bd nguon lyc hpp
+ Nhat hinb sir dung may mdc thigt bj, khoa hpc, (^ ^^ hieu qua theo tidn dd,
lUQNG ( T H A N S 1
+ Nghign eiiu phuong phdp Iao ddng lign tidn.
-I- Xay dung ldm the cho nhd quan trj, cdn bd cdng nhan vidn
* Lang phi uy tin eua doanh nghigp xay dyng edng trinh giao thdng
+ Ban giao edng trinh khdng dung lidn dd + Ban giao eOng trinh khdng ddm bdo chat lupng Nguydn nhan
- Chua chfl trpng edng tac hoan thign ban giao cdng hinh hoan thdnh
- Cdn su dyng vgt lieu kem chat lupng trong thi cdng cOng trinh
Gidi phdp
+ Phuong phap Quan ly dy dn lien tidn + Phuong phdp qudn ly ehat lupng ISO, TQM
* Chid'n lupc sdn xuat kinh doanh efla doanh nghiep: thi tmdng, sdn phdm cung img
-I- Lya ehpn thi trudng muc tieu, (chinh xac, khdng chinh xde)
+ Tu duy, tam nhin efla chu doanh nghiep, chidn luoc sdn phdm, chidn lupe ddu tu.
Nguydn nhdn
- Mdt sd doanh nghiep chua nghidn euu thi Irudng, xu hudng Ihi dudng, sdn pham mdi
- Cdn hgn che trong tu duy, tdm nhin, trong nganh xay dung, Ihj trudng xay dung
Gidi phdp
-I- Nghien CIJU thi trudng muc tieu, trong nude va ngoai nude,.
-i- Phat trien tu duy tdm nhin efla lanh dgo doanh nghiep vd thi trudng xay dyng, nganh xay dung
3. Ket luan
Nhu vgy vige img dung lu duy quan tri tinh gon
"Made in Vietnam" vao doanh nghidp xay dung edng trinh giao Ihdng giflp cho nha qudn tri doanh nghiep bidt duoc ede lang phi trong hoat ddng efla doanh nghidp, cung nhu nguydn nhan gay ra ldng phi dd, dg tfl dd eae nha quan In doanh nghiep de ra cae gidi phdp de gidm cac lang phi nhdt Id cdc lang phi v6 hinh de khdng ngflng nang cao hieu qud sdn xudt kinh doanh efla doanh nghiep.
Hien nay khdng chi cdc doanh nghidp xay dyng cdng trinh giao thong ma cae doanh nghidp khae cung dang bdt dau flng dyng tu duy quan tri tinh gpn, eae md hinh, cdng eu, phuong phap quan tn linh gon dg ndng eao hieu qud san xuat kinh doanh./.
Tai lieu tham khao
Nguydn Dang Minh: "Qudn tn tinh gpn lgi Vigl Nam-dudng tdi thdnh cdng", 2015
Nguygn Thi Thin: Kinh te xdy dung -Tnrdng Dai hpe Giao thdng van tai, 2005
Nguygn Tai Cdnh: Td chuc qudn ly dieu hdnh xay dung cdng Irinh giao thdng, Trudng Dgi hpe Giao thdng van tdi, 2008
Tong quan nghien cmi ve tac dong cua quan tri..
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