Lam sinh
NHUTVG GIA TRI BAO TON CAO TAI KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN - VAN HOA DONG NAI
Tran Van M i i i \ Pham Xuan Hoan^ Biii Dire Dan^ Tran Thi Ngoan^
NCS. KBT thien nhien-vdn hoa Dong Nai PGS.TS. Truang Dgi hgc Ldm nghiep
GV. Truang Dgi hoc Ldm nghiep, Ca s& 2-Trdng Bom, Dong Nai TOM T A T
Nghien cuu d\xc)C thuc hien bang each tiep can va van dung cac phucmg phap ciia Hoi dong quan tn rimg the giai trong vi?c kiem chimg, danh gia rung co gia tri bao t6n cao (HCVF) theo bo cong cu ciia WWF, 2008 tai Khu bao ton thien nhien-van hoa Dong Nai. Ket qua nghien cuu bao gom viec nhan dien, kiem chung va danh gia cac HCVF tai tai cac khu rimg dai difn cho hai phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat va phuc hoi sinh thai. Tai phan khu bao v? nghiem ngat, ca 6 HCVF deu hien huu va da dugc kiSm chung, danh gia, Tuy nhien, tai phan khu nay, con mpt so thuoc tinh va chi so chua dap iing dugc mgt each day dii cac yeu cau ciia mgt HCVF.
Tucmg tu, tai phan khu phuc hoi sinh thai, chi co 4/6 gia tri bao ton cao hien huu va nhieu thugc tinh, chi so khong dap iing dugc yeu cau. Mot ket qua quan trgng la tai HCVF6 trong khu bao t6n c3n dugc bo sung them chi so moi la cac gia tn ve di tich lich sii ma trong bg cong cy ciia WWF, 2008 chua dugc de cap toi. Ket qua nghien ciiu con xac dinh va phan tich dugc cac nguy ccr tac d6ng xSu toi cac HCVF va dua ra nhung giai phap chien luge bao ton va phat tnen tai nguyen rimg tai khu vuc nghien ciiu.
TIJ khda: Bdo vi nghiem nggt, gid tri bdo ton cao, khu bdo tdn, phuc hdi sinh thai.
I. D^T VAN DE
Khu bao ton Thien nhien - Van hoa Dong Nai (duai day viet tat la KBT) la ten goi theo Quy5t dinh s6 2280/QD-UBND cua Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Dong Nai nam 2010. Tien than ciia KBT la Khu Dir trii thien nhien Vinh Ciiu dugc thanh lap tren ca sa chuyen muc dich six dung tijr rung va dat rung san xuat. Theo Quyet dinh nay, toan bo cac lam phan cua ba lam tmong Hi^u Liem, Ma Da va VTnh An da dugc sap nhap lai. Qua nhi^u lan doi ten va ma rpng qui mo, dien tich KBT dang quan ly la 97.152 ha.
Xet vi mat qudn ly, rimg trong KBT thuoc d6i tugng rimg dac dung. Tuy nhien, ket qua danh gia ban dhx cho thiy phan lan dien tich dugc quy hoach cho muc dich bao ton chua dap irng dugc tieu chi cua rung dac dung.
Nhirng gia tri bao t6n ciia rimg con han che, rimg tu nhien trong KBT chu y^u la rung thii sinh ngheo. Thieu nhimg hiiu biet frong viec nhan dien nhimg gia tri bao t6n mgt each khoa hoc va tren thuc ti la chua co b^t ky mgt danh gia kiSm chung nao \h nhimg gia hi bao t6n
cao tai KBT sau khi chuyen doi muc dich quan ly rimg. Nhirng gid tri nao cdn duac bdo ton trong cdc he sinh thdi rirng cua KBT? la cau hoi dugc tra loi trong nghien ciiu nay.
\L MVC TTEU, PHirOfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Muc tieu nghien ciiu la nhan dien va kiem chiing, danh gia nhihig HCV hien co cua mgt s6 quSn xa thuc vat rimg (QXTVR) lam co so cho viec de xuat nhimg giai phap quan ly, phat trien rimg tai KBT.
De dat dugc muc tieu tren, cac ngi dung nghien ciiu chinh dugc xac dinh nhu sau: i) Nhan dien cac gia tri bao ton cao cua rimg (HCVF)' tai KBT; ii) Kiem chiing va danh gia cac HCV tai KBT; iii) Xac dinh va danh gia cac nguy co tac dgng xau tdi cac HCVF va dS xuat cac giai phap chi^n luge X\hm nang nhSm bao t6n va phat tnhn cac HCVF tai KBT. D6i tugng nghien ctru la cac QXTVR tu nhien dai dien cho phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat (BVNN) va phan khu phuc h6i smh thai (PHST).
' HCVF: Rimg co gia tri bao ton cao TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014
Lam sinh
Phuang phap nghien ciiu bao gom: i) Ke thira co chgn lgc cac tu iieu co lien quan; ii) Ap dung bg cong cu nhan dien va kiem chiing, danh gia cac HCVF cua WWF, 2008. Cu thS, CO 6 gia tri HCVF va mdi mgt HCVF co mgt s6 thuoc tinh (vi du: HCVF 1.1, HCVF 1.2...) va trong m6i thugc tinh do se co cac "yeu to"
la cac chi s6 the hien (vi du HCVF 1.1.1, HCVF 1.1.2...). D6i vdi HCVF cd cac cau hoi dat ra khi danh gia xem HCVF cd tdn tai hay khdng. Cac cau tra ldi 'cd/khdng' giiip ngudi sir dung quyet dinh xem HCVF nao hien hiiu trong khu rtmg do. iii) Sii dung phuang phap
"danh gia dky dii" cua bd cdng cu HCVF cua ProForest dl xac dinh chinh xac HCVF nao hien huu va d dau trong mdi ddi tugng nghien cmi..iv) Sir dung cdng cu PRA: Phdng van ban dinh hudng. Ddi tugng phdng van la cac nha quan ly KBT, lanh dao thdn, xa; kiem lam;
ngudi dan sdng trong KBT. Thu thap thdng tin qua khao sat thi trudng, qua cac kenh tieu thu va thdi vu... cua cac lam san) Phuang phap nghien cihi kiem chiing va danh gia HCVFs dugc ap dung bd cdng cu kiem chiing HCVFs theo tieu chuan FSC. Danh gia bang diem cho cac gia tri HCVF gdm ba budc: trong phong, hien tnrdng va tham van chuyen gia. Diem cho mdi thudc tinh dugc xem la HCVF cd ngudng thap nhat la 6 diem, diem cao nhat cho mdi HCVF la 10 diem; neu thudc tinh hay chi sd nao dudi 6 diem thi HCVF dd khdng tdn tai. Dilm binh quan dugc dimg dk danh gia cho HCVF do.
m. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ, THAO LUAN 3.1. Ket qua nhan dien nhirng gia tri bao t^n cao trong KBT
Trong bd nguyen tic ciia Hdi ddng quan tri rimg the gidi (FSC), nguyen tic sd 9 la Duy tri cdc khu rirng co gid tri bao ton cao (HCVF) la mdt nguyen tic bit budc trong quan ly rimg ben vimg. Tai Viet Nam, bg cdng cu nhira ho trg cho viec nhan hiit va kiSm chiing cac
HCVF dugc WWF va Quy bao tdn tu nhien (TNC) phat triin tir nam 2004, qua cac dgt kiSm chung din nam 2008, bg cdng cu nay dugc hoan thien. Nhimg HCVF dudi day da dugc dilu tra, nhan bill tai KBT dugc ap dung theo bd cdng cu nay.
3.1.1. Nhiing gid tri bdo tdn cao tai phan khu bdo ve nghiem nggt (BVNN)
u. HCVFl: Rimg chtia dung cdc gid tri da dgng sinh hoc.
Ci gia tri nay, ca 4 thudc tinh: i) La rimg dac diing; ii) Cd cac loai bi de dga; iii) Cd cac loai dac hiiu va iv) Cd cac cdng dung quan trgng theo thdi gian deu dugc nhan biet va cd cac minh chiing cu the. Ddi vdi HCVFl, cd nhieu loai ddng thuc vat dugc liet ke nam trong danh muc cac loai hi de dga va nguy cap trong do co mdt so loai dac him bi de dga. Rimg cdn la ngudn cung cap thiic an cho cac dgng vat di cu va chiia dung cac gia tri da dang sinh hgc cap qudc gia. Tuy nhien, trong 4 thudc tinh nay chi cd 5/11 chi sd dugc xac nhan.
b. HCVF2: Rimg cap canh quan ldn cd y nghia qudc gia, khu vuc hoac toan cau nam trong hoac bao gdm cac dan vi quan ly rimg noi ma nhieu quan xa cua hau het neu khdng phai la tSt ca cac loai xuat hien tdn tai trong nhiing mau chuan tu nhien.
Gia tri nay cd 4 thugc tinh va khdng cd cac chi sd. Cu ihe: i) La mot phan cua dai rimg lien tuc; ii) Rimg gan nhu chua hi tac dgng; iii) Rimg rdng ban l.OOOha va iv). Cd mgt quan the loai trgng yeu hay khdng? Qua khao sat, cd 3/4 thugc tinh dugc nhan dien; thugc tinh
"rimg gan nhu chua bi tdc dong" khdng thda man dugc HCVF nay.
c. HCVFS: Rimg thugc ve hoac gdm nhung HST hiem, dang bi de dga hay nguy cap.
Gia tri nay cd 2 thudc tmh: i) Cd kieu rimg nao dugc liet ke dudi day dugc tim thay tai
28 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014
khu virc?^; ii) Kieu rimg dd cd dac tnmg cho khu vuc hay khdng?. Ca hai thugc tinh tren dlu dugc nhan dang va cd din chiing tai KBT la HST rimg cdy Id rpng thuang xanh tren ddt thdp va la HST dac trung cho KBT.
d. HCVF4: Rimg cung cap cac dich vu co ban cua tu nhien trong nhiing tinh huong quan trgng.
HCVF4 cd 2 thudc tinh: thii nhit la ddng vai trd quan trgng trong duy tri va dilu tilt ngudn nude cho sinh hoat va tudi tieu; thudc tinh nay cd 1/3 chi sd dugc nhan dien la HCVF trong khu vuc nghien ciiu. Thu hai la phdng chdng sat Id dat, lii quet, xdi mdn, gid bao, bdi lang va phdng hd ven biln; thugc tinh nay Cling chi cd 1/3 chi sd dugc coi la hien hiiu HCVF. Din chiing la cdng ddng dan cu smh sdng gin khu rimg sii dung tren 90% nhu ciu nude cho sinh hoat, tudi tieu tir ngudn sinh thuy trong khu rimg nay.
e. HCVFS: Rimg ddng vai trd nln tang hong viec dq) ling cac nhu cau ca ban cua cdng ddng.
Gia tri HCVF5 cd 3 thudc tinh va cac thugc tinh nay dugc xac dinh dua tren viec tra ldi 3 cau hdi: i) Cd cac cdng ddng dang sinh sdng trong hoac gan rimg hay khdng?; ii) Nhiing cdng ddng nay cd sir dung rimg de dap iing nhirng nhu can ca ban ciia hg khdng? va iii) Nhirng nhu cau dd cd la nen tdng^ ddi vdi CD hay khdng?. Ket qua xac dinh dugc ca 3 thugc tinh nay deu hien hiiu trong KBT.
f. HCVF6. Rimg ddng vai trd quan trgng trong viec nhgn dien vdn hoa truyen thong'' cua cdng ddng dia phuang.
^ 1. Rimg la kim thuan loai tu nhien; 2. Riing hon giao la rgng, la kim tu nhien; 3. Rimg tren niii da voi; 4. HST d5t ngap nuac; 5. Rimg ngap m ^ ; 6. Rung thuong xanh tren vung dit thip; 7. Rimg khgp; 8. Rirag ban thuang xanh (mia rung la); 9. Rimg chuyin tilp tir thucmg xanh va ban thucmg xanh; 10. Rimg lim; 11. Rii gai va 12.
Rimg reu
^ Theo FSC, nhu cdu nin tdng la nhu c5u ma rung dong gop tir 15-20% thu nhap hoac thuc pham thucmg ngay cua cong d6ng; hoac la nhu cau neu bi mat se tac dgng din nhan di?n van hoa ciia hg._
•" Nhan dien van hoa truyin thing: Van hoa vat the nhu din tha, nha ml, nha ciia, dl d^c, trang phuc.. .Van hoa phi vat thi nhu ll hgi, tin nguong, tha ca, trucmg ca, truyen thuylt, dieu miia, luat tyc, kiln thiic ban dia...
Ldm sinh Day la mdt gia tri cd 3 thugc tinh va tra ldi 3 cau hdi: i) Cd cdng ddng nao sdng trong hay gan khu rung hay khdng?; ii) Hg cd sii dung rimg cho muc dich nhan dien van hda ciia hg hay khdng? va iii) Khu rimg nay cd quan trgng trong viec nhan dien van hda hay khdng?. Ca 3 thugc tinh nay deu dugc xac dinh la hien hiru trong KBT. HCVF6 cung thiet ylu nhu ddi vdi sinh ke va sir tdn tai cua dan ban dia, rtmg la nai hinh thanh va luu giir nhiing gia tri dl nhan dien van hda truyen thdng ciia ngudi Cha ro.
3.1.2. Nhirng gid tri bdo ton cao tgi phdn khu phifc hoi sinh thdi (PHST)
Rung tai phan khu PHST chi cd 4/6 cac gia tri dugc xac dinh la tdn tai cac HCVF. Cu thi la cac gja tri HCVFl, HCVF4, HCVF5 va HCVF6 dugc xac nhan la cd cac gia tri bao tdn cao hien hiia Tuy nhien, d mdi gja tri nay cac thudc tinh va cac chi sd cd su khac biet. d HCVFl, chi cd 3/4 thugc tinh va 4/11 chi sd dugc xac nhan; HCVF4 mac dii xac nhan ca 2 thudc tmh nhung chi cd 2/6 chi sd cua cac thudc tinh dd dugc coi la hien hiiu Ddi vdi HCVFS va HCVF6, deu dugc xac nhan cd cac gja tri cao.
Tai phan khu PHST, cd hai gia tri bao tdn khdng hien hiiu dd la HCVF2 va HCVF3. 6 gia tri HCVF2, rimg da bi tac dgng manh so vdi cac khu rimg khac trong khu vuc. Td hgp rimg la rung tu nhien ngheo, rimg phuc hdi va rimg trdng...do dd, gia tri nay khdng tdn tai.
Tuong tu, d gia tri HCVF3 khdng dugc coi la rung cd gia tri bao tdn cao do khdng the hien rd la viing smh canh da dang, phong phii. Cac he sinh thai rimg d khu vuc nghien ciiu khdng dugc coi la dac trung cho khu vuc nghien ciiu.
Tai phan khu PHST, cac gia tri HCVFS;
HCVF6 dugc coi la quan trgng nhit, ddi vdi cdng ddng nai ma viec phat huy nhiing san phim dugc lam tir LSNG bing kiln thirc dia phuang tao ra nhiing san phim mang dam ban sac van hda rieng cua ngudi Cha ro trong KBT.
3.2. Ket qua kiem chihig va danh gia nhirng gia tri bao ton cao trong KBT
3.2.1. Ket qud kiem chiing vd ddnh gid cdc HCVF tgi phan khu BVNN
a. HCVFl
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014
Ldm sinh
Bang 1. Kiim chung vd ddnh gid cdc gid trj HCVFl tgi phdn khu BVNN Danh gia
Ylu tl/Chi s6 Kiem chirng - — TV TB
1.1.1. La rimg d§c dung da cong nhan
1.2.1. Co nhilu loai trong sach do VN 1.3.1. Co 1 loai dac hiiu bi de doa 1.4.1. Co nguin thiic an/dat ngap nude, cac QX di cir hien hiiu...
Theo QD sd 2280/QD- UBND va ban d l qui hoach 3 loai rimg
Ket qua dilu tra 2007-2009 va dieu tra bo sung nam 2011
Kit qua dilu tra 2007-2009 va dilu tra bo sung nam 2011
Kit qua dilu tra 2007-2009 va dilu tra bo sung nam 2011 va
kit qua dilu tra phong van . Trung binh Ghi chd: TP: trong phong; HT: hien trucmg; TV: tham vdn chuyen gia vd TB: trung binh
K i t qua d i l u tra cho thiy, H C V F l cd chiia mac dii vugt ngudng gidi han ciia HCV dung cac loai nguy c i p va n i m trong Sach dd nhung d mdi thugc tinh mdi chi cd mdt yeu (2007) d l u cd s6 lugng giam siit; 7 0 % thuc td dap ling dugc yeu c i u . Su thieu hut nay vat qui h i l m d l u cd qua trinh tai sinh tdt nhu c i n dugc khac phuc trong qua trinh quan ly cac loai Gd do, Sao d i u . Mat nhan. T h i n rirng ciia KBT.
phuc...Dilm tmng binh cho H C V F l la 8/10; b. HCVF2
Bang 2. Kiim chung vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVF2 tgi phan khu BVNN
Kiem chihig Banh gia
HT TV TB
2.1. La I phin ciia dai riing lien tuc 2.3. To hgp rimg co dien tich rong tren 1 .OOOha.
2.4. Cd quan the loai trpng yeu...
Ban do hien trang nam 2012 va Tai lieu 'Tiem nang va phat trien" cua KBT nam 2012
Ban do hien trang 2012 va phan chia theo 3 loai rimg cua KBT nam 2012
Bao cao tai nguyen dgng thuc vat cua KBT nam 2011
10 10
Tmng binh 8,6 Day la phan khu BVNN nen tai khu vuc day la rimg cd gia tri cap canh quan ldn co y
hien rimg nghien ciiu cd 4 tram Kiem lam: Sudi Cdp,
Trung uang Cue, Dakin va Rang Rang; rimg it bi tac ddng; quan the loai trgng yeu dugc ghi nhan la cac quan the Sao dau, Bd tdt (phan tuai va vet chan nhieu). Nhu vay, cd the ghi nhan
nghia qudc gia; chtia dung cac loai xuat 1 trong nhiing mau chuan tu nhien ciia mien Ddng Nam bd.
c. HCVFS
Bang3. f/^m chirng vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFS tgi phdn khu BVNN
Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chung Danh gia
TB
10 10 10 3.1. Cd kieu rung kin thudng xanh Bao cao tai nguyen dpng thirc vat
tren viing dat thap. (Xem footnote 1) nam 2011 va kiem chiing thuc dia 10
3.2. Kilu rimg tren dac tnmg cho Bao cao tai nguyen dgng thuc vat ^^
khu virc nghien ciiu nam 2011 va kiem chiing thuc dia Trung binh 10 10
30 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014
HCVF3 tai day la mdt trong nhiing gia tn dugc kiem chiing va danh gia la HST cdn sot bao tdn cao dap iing dugc cac yeu c i u theo bd lai trong KBT va ciing la HST dac tnmg cua cdng cu ciia W W F (2008) d t i t ca cac chi sd. Ddng Nam bd.
HST rimg kin thu&ngxanh tren viing ddt thdp ^ HCVF4
Bang 4. Kiem chirng vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVF4 tgi phan khu B VNN
Yeu to/Chi s6 Kiem chihig Danh gia
TP HT TV TB 4.1.1. Rung dugc xac dinh la Ban do hien trang rimg va dat LN
ritng phdng ho (RPH) ciia KBT phan chia theo 3 loai rimg 2012 4.2.1. Dien tich rimg dugc Ban d l Men trang rimg va dit LN cong dong (CD) qui dinh la RPH phan chia theo 3 ioai rimg 2012; Kit '
hoac dugc CD bao ve. qua phdng vin. Tmng binh
HCVF4 CO vai tro duy tri, dieu tiet ngudn nude va phong chdng sat Id lu quet cho khong chi cong dong dan cu thuoc xa Ma Da va dugc cong ddng bao ve ma cdn
cho ca hd Tri An va mdt phan luu vuc sdng Dong Nai. Nhu vay, HCVF4 c6 gia hi dich vu mdi trudng va dang dugc bao ve, phat huy tot
e. HCVF5
Bang 5. Kiim chiing vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFl tgi phdn khu BVNN
Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chihig Danh gia
TP HT TV 5.1. Co cac CD sinh song ben
trong hoac gin rimg
5.2. CD sir d\mg rimg de dap ling cac nhu cau co ban
5.3. Cac nhu cau tren la nhu cdu nin tdng ciia CD (xem footnote 2)
Bao cao dieu kien tir nhien va KT- XH nam 2011; Ket qua dieu tra hien trudng...
Bao cao dieu kien tu nhien va KT- XH nam 2011; Ket qua dieu tra hien trudng...
Bao cao kinh tl dia phuong va van hda ciia ngudi dan (2011) va kit qua
khao sat hien trucmg Tmng binh
Ket qua kiem chiing va danh gia tren cho thiy mac du da cd nhiing thay doi ldn trong hinh thiic quan ly rimg, nhung tai day cong dong dan cu van cd sir phu thugc kha
chat che vao tai nguyen ritng va no dirge danh gia la mgt trong nhiing nhu cau nen tang cua cong ddng trong KBT; dac biet la dong bao dan tdc Cho ro
f.HCVF6
Bang 6. Kiem chung vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVF6 tgi phdn khu B VNN
Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chung
Danh gia TP HT TV TB 6.1. Co CD sinh s6ng ben trong hay gan
khu vuc nghien ciiu B^^ ^^^ KT-XH dia 6.2. CD su dung rimg cho muc dich nhgn Ph^cmg va van hda ngudi dan,
^/enva-«/.da cua hp (xem footnote 3). 2011. Dir an phat triin KBT den nam 2020. Ket qua dieu - 6.3. Khu rimg co vai trd quan trpng tra hien tnidng
trong viec nhan d?ng van hoa ciia CD Tmng binh 7,3
Lain sinh ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = = ^ ^ =
„ . „ . , . , .s , . - .J t a , nhung nguai cao tu6i. Day cung dugc coi la Gia tri HCVF6 duoc kiem chung ro net nhat * ^ . . ,-5
• . . , . mot HCFV CO nguy co bi mai mpt vi aiem thong qua cac lehpi, ngon ngu, trang phuc va ; <* ' • . < , , , , , . „ , ,
danh gia gan vol nguong thap nhat la o/1 u meo cac san ph^m tit rimg dupe luu truyen, ket tinh , ; - ^ chi danh gia cua W W F , 2008.
thanh tinh hoa van hoa cua nguoi Cho ro. Hien ^2.2. Kit qud kiim chimg va ddnh gid cdc tai, nguoi biSt den nhiing gia Ui van hoa (ca HCVF tai phan khu PHST
vat the va phi vat thS) khong nhiSu, chu yeu la a. HCVFl
Bang 7. Kiim chung va ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFl tai phdn khu PHST
\ia to/Chi so 1.2.1. Co nhieu loai trong sach do VN
1.3.1. Co 1 loai dac hiru bi de doa
1.4.1. Co nguon thuc an/dat ngap nuoc, cac QX di cu hien huu...
rSt quan trong vcri su ton tai ciia cac quan the hay QX sinh hoc trong khu vuc
Kiem chung K6t qua dieu Ua 2007-2009 va dieu tra bo sung nam 2011
Ket qua dieu tra 2007-2009 va dieu tra bo sung nam 2011
Ket qua dieu tra 2007-2009 va dieu Ua b6 sung nam 2011 va ket qua dieu Ua phong vdn nam 2012.
Ket qua dieu tra bo sung, phong van can bo, nguoi dan dia phuang va cac bao cao luu tai KBT
TP 4 7 6
/
Danh HT
5 6 6 7
iSia TV 1 7
/ /
Tmng binh TB
5 7 6 7 6,2 Kit qua kilm chiing va danh gia tren cho va viia dat nguong tdi thilu. Day la mdt thach thiy nhimg gia tri HCVFl ciia phan khu PHST thiic ldn ddi vdi viec phuc hdi va bao tdn cac da d ngudng thip nhit theo qui dinh ciia thudc tinh cua gia t n nay.
WWF, 2008. Cd 4/10 y l u td dugc kilm chiing ^ HCVF2 va ca 4 yeu to deu dugc danh gia d miic dudi
Bang 8. Kiim chung vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVF2 tgi phdn khu PHST I I I X. , Danh gia
Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chung - ^ ——~——
, . , , , , J , ,,. , ... Ban do hien trang nam 2012 va Tai
2.1. La 1 phan cua dai rung lien ... „„.x _ ; ,.^^-x„ . r^^-r^ o n o o lieu Tiem nang va phat tnen cua ECBT 8 9 8 8 tuc : - ^ , -
nam 2012
2.4. Co quin thi loai trong yeu Bao cao tai nguyen dgng thirc vat cua 5 5 5 5 KBT nam 2011 Trung binh 6,5 So vdi phan khu BVNN, d day gia tri 5/10. Nhu vay, khu vuc nay HCVF2 khdng HCVF2 chi cd 2/4 thugc tinh dugc ghi nhan thuc su tdn tai.
nhung qua danh gia chi cd 1 chi sd dat gia tri c. HCVFS
Bang 9. Kiim chiing vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFS tgi phdn khu PHST
A A A i Danh giS
Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chung
TP HT 3.1. Cd kieu rimg kin thudng Bao cao tai nguyen dpng thuc
xanh tren viing dat thap. (Xem vat nam 2011 va kilm chiing thuc 7 8 8 8 footnote 1) dia
3.2. Kieu rimg tren dac tnmg Bao cao tai nguyen dong thuc vat ' 5 5 5,6 cho khu vuc nghien ciiu nam 2011 va kilm chiing thuc dia Tmngbinh 6,8 32 T A P C H I K H O A H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P S O 3 - 2014
Lam sinh HCVF3 tai day la mdt trong nhimg gia tri tren viing ddt thdp dugc kiem chiing va danh bao tdn cao dap ung dugc 1/2 yeu ciu theo bd gia la HST da bi tac dgng manh va khdng phai cdng cu cua W W F (2008) va cd chi sd dudi 6 la kilu rimg dac trung cho KBT.
diem khi danh gia. HST rimg kin thu&ngxanh d. HCVF4
Bang 10. Kiem chung vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVF4 tgi phdn khu PHST Y I U to/Chi so Kiem chihig
D^nh gia TP HT TV 4.1.1. Rimg dugc xac dinh la Ban do hien tr^g rimg va d§t LN
rimg phong hg (RPH) ciia KBT phan chia theo 3 loai rimg 2012
4.2.1. Dien tich rirng dugc cong Ban d l hien trang rimg va dit 9 ddng (CD) qui dinh la RPH hoac LN phan chia theo 3 loai rimg "
dugc CD bao ve. 2012; Kit qua phong vin. "^"^"^ ^^"^ ^ HCVF4 cd vai trd duy tri, dieu tiet ngudn Dong Nai, cung cSp nude cho ca cac khu cdng nude va phdng chdng sat Id lii quet cho cdng nghiep trong va xung quanh khu vuc tinh Ddng ddng dan cu thudc xa Phu Ly va dugc cdng Nai, hd thiiy dien Tri An...
ddng bao ve. N h u vay, HCVF4 cd gia tri dich HCVF5 vu mdi trudng dieu hda ngudn nude cho sdng
Bang 11. Kiim chung vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFS tgi phdn khu PHST
••rA A,^., A „.x . , Danh gia
Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chinig — — - — 5.1. Cd cac CD sinh song ben Bao cao dieu kien tu nhien va KT-XH
trong hoac gan rimg nam 2011; Ket qua dieu tra hien tmong...
5.2. CD sii dung rirng de dap Bao cao dilu kien tir nhien va KT-XH ling cac nhu cau co ban nam 2011; Ket qua dieu tra hien tmong...
5.3. Cac nhu cau tren la nhu cdu Bao cao kinh te ^ a phuong va van hoa cua
nin tdng oia CB (xem footnote 2) ngudi dan (2011) va kit quakhao sat hien tmong Trung binh 9 Gia tri HCVF5 dugc danh gia la mdt trong trgng cua tai nguyen rimg tai phan khu PHST nhirng HCV quan trgng tai phan khu PHST. ddi vdi cdng ddng cao hofn so vdi d phan khu K i t qua k i l m chiing cho thay gia tri nay hien BVNN. Day la mot gia tri can dugc dac biet hiru d ca 3 chi sd va diem sd danh gia kha cao chu y trong cdng tac phat trien va quan ly rimg la 9/10 (h-ong khi d phan khu BVNN d i l m tai phan khu PHST hong KBT.
danh gia la 8/10). Dieu nay cho thay tam quan / HCVF
Bang 12. Kiem chung vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFS tgi phdn khu PHST Danh gia Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chihig
6.1. Cd CD sinh song ben trong hay gan khu vuc nghien ciiu
TP 9 9 9
HT 9 9 9
TV 9 9 9
TB 9 9 9
6.2. CD sii dung rirag cho muc Bao cao KT-XH dia phucmg va dich nhgn dien vdn hoa ciia ho (xem van hoa ngudi dan, 2011. Du an phat footnote 3). trien KBT den nam 2020. Ket qua
6.3. Khu rirng co vai tro quan di6u tra hien trudng trong trong viec nhan dang van hoa
cua CD Tmngbinh 9 TP
9
8 9
HT 9
10 9
TV 10
10 9
TB 9
9 9
Ldm sinh
Ciing nhu d phan khu BVNN, tai phan khu PHST gia tri HCVF6 dugc kilm chiing ro net nhat thdng qua cac le hdi, ngdn ngir, trang phuc va cac san pham tii rimg dugc luu truyen, ket tinh thanh tinh hoa van hda ciia cac cdng ddng sdng trong vung. Vdi ket qua kiem chiing tren cho thiy HCVF6 la gia tri bao tdn cao hien hiiu va dugc danh gia vdi diem trung binh dat 9/10. Dieu dd cho thay su phu thugc rat chat che cua cdng ddng dan cu vdi rimg de duy tri ciing nhu nhan dien van hda cua hg. Tuy nhiSn, qua dieu tra cho thay khu vuc nay cdn cd mdt gia tri khac ma trong bg cdng cu ciia WWW (2008) chua d l xuit dd la gid tri lich
Bang 13. Xdc dinh cdc moi de doa doi
sii-vdn hoa. Tai day, khu di tich lich su Trung uong cue miin Nam dugc thanh lap thdi ky 1961-1962 va trd thanh " d i u n a o " lanh d^o each mang Uong khang chiln chdng My, noi n i m tren con dudng Hd Chi Minh huyen thogi va g i n liln vdi bao su kien, chien cdng gdp phin to ldn vao cdng cugc giai phdng mien Nam nam 1975. Ngay nay, dia danh nay trd thanh mdt di tich van hda vat the cap qudc gia da dugc Bd Van hda-Thdng tin cdng nhan ngay 19-1-2004.
3 3 . Danh gia cac m6i de doa tdi nhung gia trj bao tdn cao va dl xuat chien luge tiem nang trong KBT
v&i cdc HCVF vd gidi phdp khdc phuc
Gia tri Cac moi de doa chung Giai phap
- San bat ca va DV rimg (tir Binh Phuoc).
- Xay dung dudng sa vao TW cue.
HCVFl - Khai thac trai phep g6 va LSNG
- Tai khu PHST co cac hoat dgng xay dung cac mo hinh san xuat ndng lam nghiep, dua cay nhap noi vao (Keo, Tech, Bach dan...)
- Cac hoat dgng khai hoang, lam ray, trdng rimg san xuat HCVF2 vung giap ranh KBT
- Md cac tuyen dudng vao khu du lich
- Khai tliac go va LSNG lam thay ddi ket cau kieu rimg HCVF3 thudng xanh viing dat thap.
- Khai hoang d phan khu PHST - Han han h-ong miia khd va bien doi khi hau
HCVF4 - Cau tnic rimg bi tac dong lam giam hieu nang phdng hg;
giam cac gia tri djch vu moi trudng ciia rimg
- Khai thac LSNG theo kieu tan diet, tai nguyen mat kha nang tu phuc hdi
- Mat dan he thong kien thiic ban dia trong khai thac va sir HCVFS dung ben vung tai nguyen rimg ciia cpng ding
- Vat heu thay thi LSNG nhu polime (day bupc, r6 ra...) hay vai det cong nghiep...
- Di dan tu do lam tang dan so ca hpc
- Su giao thoa van hoa cd Ihe lam cho van hda tmyen thong bi HCVF6
thong
- The he tre khong quan tam nhieu tdi van hda truyin
1. Tang cudng giao due moi trudng dua vao cgng ddng.
2. Tang cudng quan ly va nghiem cam cac hinh thiic san bat dong vat va diing xung dien, thuoc nl danh ca.
3. Quy hoach rimg va dat rimg cho cdng ddng san xuat nong-lam nghiep nham bao dam sinh ke va giam thieu cac xung dot lgi ich gifia sinh ke va bao tdn.
4. Gidi han dugc qui mo phat trien du lich trong KBT dac biet la cac loai hinh du lich sinh thai, du lich tam Unh va di tich lich sir...trong phan khu PHST;
timg budc tinh toan cac gia tri dich vu mdi trudng rimg trong KBT.
- Khdng CO hinh thiic bao tin van hoa truyin thdng IV. K E T LUAN
Tai phan khu BVNN, da xac dinh dugc ca 6 HCVF deu hien him, qua kilm chiing va danh gia cho thiy gia Ui HVCF3 dat gia fri cao nhit;
cac HCVF1,2,4 5 dat gia tri cao nhung van cdn thieu mdt sd cac thudc tinh va chi sd; trong khi dd, HCVF6 dugc danh gia la t h i p nhit va cd nhieu nguy ca gram siit. Nhiing k i t qua tren 34 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014
cho thay mdt sir chua hoan chinh ve cac gia tri bao tdn cao ciia KBT tai phan khu BVNN. Day la nhiing thach thiic ldn trong cdng tac quan ly rimg hien nay.
Tai phan khu PHST, qua kilm chiing va danh gia hai gia tri HCVF2 va HCVF3 khdng tdn tai. CJ HCVF2, mac du dilm trung bmh la 6,5/10 nhung chi sd 2.4 chi dat gia tri 5. Tuong tu, HCVF3, dilm danh gia trung bmh 6,8/10 nhung chi sd 3.2 chi dat 5,6/10. Nhu vay, nhiing HCVF tren khdng tdn tai. Ben canh do, d phan khu nay cho thiy HCVFl dugc danh gia dat 6,2/10 nghia la da can ke vdi ngudng mat gia tri bao tdn. Tuy nhien, d day cd HCVF4,5,6 dugc danh gia cao. Day la nhiing gia tri bao tdn can dugc luu giii va phat huy.
Cac mdi de dga tiem an cd the lam mat cac HCVF tai KBT ciing da dugc xac dinh.
Nguyen nhan dan tdi van la cac xung dot lgi fch giiia muc tieu bao tdn cac gia tri tir rimg
Ldm sinh vdi sinh kl cita cdng ddng dan cu xung quanh riing. Qui hoach chi tiet; tang cudng giao due mdi trudng dua vao CD va tao sinh ke cho ngudi dan dugc coi la nhimg giai phap tiem nang trong bao ve va phat trien cac HCVF tai KBT.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. CISDOMA (2009). Du dn qudn ly rung cd gid tri bdo ton cao. Tu heu Dir an.
2. KBT thien nhien van hoa Dong Nai (2009). Danh luc ddng thuc vdi rimg tai KBT. Tai heu luu tru KBT.
3. KBT thien nhien van hoa D6ng Nai (2012). Bdo cdo diiu kien tu nhien, KTXH tgi KBT. Tai lieu luu trii KBT.
4. KBT thien nhien van hoa Dong Nai (2012). Tiem ndng \ a phdt tnen. Tai li?u luu tru KBT.
5. UBND tinh D6ng Nai (2008). Phe duyet kit qud rd soat quy hoach quy hogch 3 logi rimg tren dia bdn tinh Ddng Nai. Tai lieu liru hanh tai KBT,
6. WWF Chuang trinh Viet Nam ( 2008). Bg Cong cu xdc dinh rimg cd gid tri bdo tdn cao Viet Nam, Hd Ndi.
HIGH CONSERVATION VALUES IN DONG NAI CULTURE NATURAL RESERVE
Tran Van Mui, Pham Xuan Hoan, Bui Due Dan, Tran Thi Ngoan SUMMARY
The research was carried out by applying and approach methods of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in venfication and monitoring of high conservation value forest (HCVF) according to toolkit of WWF in 2008 at Dong Nai Culture- Nature Reserve (KBT). Research results include the identification, verification and assessment of HCVF. At forests are divided into two subdivisions including an area under stnctly protected and an area for ecological restoration, hi the zone under stnct protection all six high conservation value forest (HCVF6) are existed, verified and assessed. However, in this zone, a number of attributes and indicators are unable to meet the requirements for a HCVF. Similarly, in ecological restoration subdivision, only 4/6 high conservation values high conservation values are present and many attributes, the index is unable to meet the requirements. An important result is in HCVF6 at conservation zones should be adding a new index, it is the value of historical which in the toolkit of the WWF in 2008 has not been mentioned. The study results also identify and analyze the nsk of adverse impacts on the HCVF and provide solutions for conservation strategies and develop HCVF at Nature Reserve
Keywords: Ecological restoradon, high conservation value, nature Reserve, strictly protected.
Ngiroi phan bien Ngay nhan bai Ngay phan bien Ngay quyet dinh dang
PGS.TS. Hoang Van Sam 15/8/2014
22/8/2014 07/9/2014
T^P CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014
