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Al\IH HUD1\IE CIJA PHAIM BOIM V A VLJI P H £ PHU P H A M D £ | \ I I\IAI\1G S U A T L U A , IXIGd, CAIXl BAIMG LAIM V A CAC DAI\IG LAI\I TROIXIG DAT X A M BAC M A U BAC GIAIVG
Trin Qu6c Vuong^, Trin Mmh Ti6a\ Bui Huy H i ^ ^
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Nhim lam rd hon anh huong cua vide su dung phan bon va viii phu pham ddn nang suit liia va ngo trong ca cin ciy trdng liia xuin - liia mua - ngd ddng aia viing dit xam bac man Bic Giang, cung nhu cin bing lan va cic dang lan trong dit, nghidn cuu niy dupc thuc hidn trdn co so thu thip sd Ueu nang suat, l^y miu dat va phan tich cic dang lan trong dat trdn ndn m6t thi nghidm dai han dugc thuc hidn tu nam 1998. Thi nghidm dong rudng dirge bd tri theo khdi ngiu nhien day du vdi 2 nhan td: * nhan td 1 la cic dang pban bdn, gdm 7 cdng thiic khdng bdn phin, chi bdn phan chuong; thieu ting nguydn td N, P, IQ * nhan td 2 la viii vi khdng vii phd phu pham. Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay nang suit liia giam dan theo cic cong thiic phan bdn NPK+PC > NPK > NK > PC > NP > PK > DC; va nang suat ngo giam dan flieo cac cdng thiic NPK+PC > NPK > NK > PC, PK, NP va DC. Viii phd phu phim lam tang nang su^t cay Udng khoang 5-10%
vi giam dang k^ su chdnh ldch vd nSng suit ciy trdng a cac cdng thiic phan bdn khic nhau. O tat ca cac cdng Ihiic phan bdn (triJr cdng thiic khdng bdn lan) luong lan dau ra th^p hon nhidu so vdllan dau vio. Khi bdn lien tuc NPK+PC thi ham lupng lan du thua sau 14 nam canh tie la 1.700-1.900 kg PaO^/ha; ndu bdn lidn tuc NPK ttii lan du thira 694-809 kg PjOs/ha; ndu bdn thidu N va K thi ham lupng lin du thira khoang 1.200 kg PaOg/ha; chi bdn phan chudng lidn Uic cung lam du thira 800-900 kg Ppjha. Bd sung lan khoing lim tang ding kd Immg lan tdn du trong dat, tdng Itrgng ISn tdn du trong dat a cac cdng thiic bdn lan khoing cao hon 20-50% so vdi lan tdn du a cac cdng thiic khdng bd sung lan khoang; vui phd phu pham Mm tang dang kd ty Id Ito huu co trong thanh phan lan, ^ le lan hOu co tang trdn 10%.
Tilr khda: Lin thinh phin, lin hiru ca, dit xim b^c mau, Bic Giang.
I.BATVINB£ °^™ ^^ ^ ^ " ^ ' '^^^ P^^ ^^^ ^^^> ' " ^ s p h ^ t^"
du trong dit sd chuyfin thinh nhi^u dang dd tidu v i khd tidu khic nhau cho ciy trong. Bdn phin lin D^t x ^ bac miu Ii Ioai dit co thinh phin co
gidi nhe, chua, him Iuong hthi CO v i dp phi nhidu tu ^ ^, ,. . , . . , a ^ i - \ \. - £^ - , , „ ' ', , J \., , trong thoi gian dii cho ciy trong anh huong r i t ro nhidn thip. Ham lupng lin tong so trong dat xam b^c ,^ . ^^ LA i 1= *... JH^ ^ L.-*
, , , ^ ^ , ,- , . 7•. sen su gia tang ham lupng lin trong d i t hiy nhidn miu thuong duoi 0,05% P^Os, lin dd hdu thuong nho , . ^.i* ^ .,_ jv. , . j s ^.a. 1. ^x.^ ^•>. \.
* „ ' ^ i i , „ j . t . lan ton tai trong dat ff dang dd tidu hay kho hdu cho hon 5 mg PgOs/lOO g dit (Vidn Tho nhuong Nong . ^ . ' . . ^u A' \ A . • • .j^ ^- t. 1- . , «„„ ^ , . , > • - ^ cay trong con phu thudc nhieu vao cac die tmh Iy, hda, 2001) va cac dang lin vo co chu ydu tren dat , , , , ,^, -'. ^ ., „„,„, i , , 1. .-•,. ^
' ^ , , , • , w ' , /VT - -.7 hoa hpc cua dat (Vu et al., 2010). Ddng thai lin trong xim bac miu b dang hdn ket sat nhom (Nguyen Vy , = ... *.... 1.. . . *. ^ i.i(.». 1 - L a
•.r^T ,». -T . . , , phiu dien dat chiu tac dong cua che do luan canh ciy v i Trin Khai, 1978). Tuy nhidn, vide su dung phan ^i ' ^ u- JA ^ '- • = <_* i_a i*
/ , , '...J ., * ^ , trong, quan Iy tdn du cua cac ciy trong trdn dong bdn ti:ong thdi gian dai da Iam thay doi dac diem cua . . X.A A-\^ A-'* • *.• A- • Ak A.&
.J . , , , mong va chd do lam dat; cac tac dpng nay ddu thd dit x ^ b^c miu a nhirng vung thim canh cao, dac , . : , . ' ^.^. , • , IA u- , , . ,, J , , . . ,v „ », hien bang su thay doi ham Iuong lan huu co trong bi§t Ii sv gia ting vd hara lupng lin trong dat (Ld My .-/. m + i nnnc\
„ , . 7 « !f. dat (Bunermann et al., 2006).
Hio vi nnk, 2013).
„ , , , , , , , , - • , Bic Giang Ii tinh cd didn tich dit xim bgc miu Su hmh thinh cic dang lin trong dat chiu tac , . ,.!. .A „ . : •-1 L - c, nnn u ns' n
* , ^ * , . , , Ion nhat mien B^c voi khoang 61.000 ha (Ho Quang ddng cua cic dieu kidn canh tic, die bi^t Ii su dung j ^ . . .:> .. ., „„.„. „v, ^ - A *_.. j^ w^
, , „ . , ' , . . . Dircvadongticgia, 2012). Ket qua dieu tra mda nhat phin bdn. Theo Holford (1997), ciy trong cm su ^ ,^ .... . . i- - L • 1 • u- L ' J A^^
, , , . , . . ve dac diem cac dang Ian o hai Ioai hmh su dyng dat dung khoing 10-20% Iuong lin tu phin bon trong L a i - • L - . - n i r-- u ^u!i
^ ^ * ^ * ^ chuydn lua va chuyen rau tai Bac Giang cho thiy him lupng vi cic dang lin trong dit xim b^c miu cb su thay doi k h i rd dudi tic dpng ciia cac didu ki^n
^ NCS Vi$n Khoa h^c Ndng nghi?p Vi?t Nam canh tic chuydn rau va chuydn lua; su thay ddi nay ' C c ^ N a t S i n X T •^••^ y^" ^° ^h^ * ^ ^ ^ ™ " * " P " ^ fTrSn ^-^
NdNG N6HI|P VA PHAT TRI^N NdNG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2014 3
KHOA HOC C d N G NOHfi
Vuong v i T r i n Minh T161,2013). Stt thay d6i v^ tinh chat dit da Iam thay doi hidu Iuc cua mot s6 Ioai phin bdn cho mpt s6 ciy trong chinh (nhu liia, ngd) trdn dat xam bac miu Bic Giang. So vdi tiudc diy, hidu Iuc ctia kah tang rat ro, trong khi hidu luc cua phin lin giam ro rdt (Mussgnug v i nnk, 2006).
Nhim lam ro horn anh huong cua vide sir dung phin bon v i viii phu phim ddn nang suit trong co ciu ciy trdng Ilia xuin - liia mua - ngd ddng vung dat x i m b ^ m i u Bae Giang, cung nhu cin h i n g lin v i c i c dang lin trong dat, vide thu thip sd Udu, I ^ m i u dat phin tich v i dinh gia k^t q u i ciia mdt thi nghidm dai han da dupc thuc hidn trdn dit xim bae m i u Bac Giang tu nim 1998.
2. Fhuong p h ^ n ^ d n cihi
2.1. Thi nghidm dii h ^ v^ anh huong dia phan bdn
Thi nghidm dii han tren dat xim bac miu Bac Giang dupc tien hanh tir n i m 1998 tai Trung tim Nghidn Cliu Dat va Phin bdn viing Trung du (Luong Phong, Hidp Hoa, Bac Gian^ trdn co cau ciy trong Ilia xuan - Ma mua - ngd ddng (ea cau ciy trdng chinh ciia viing). Thi nghidm dupc bd tii theo khdi ngiu nhidn diy du, 4 lin nhac, gom cd 2 nhin td: * nhan td 1 Ii c i c dang phin vdi 7 cdng thiic phin bdn:
(i) khdng bdn phin, (ii) bdn phin chudng, (iii) bdn NP, (iv) bdn NK, (v) bdn PK, (vi) bdn NPK v i (vu) bdn NPK + phin chudng; * nhin td 2 Ii 2 ch^ dp viii v i khdng viii phe phu phim cua vu trudc.
Lupng phin bdn su dung trong thi nghidm nhu sau: Liia xuin (gidng Khang Din 18, mat dp trdng 50 khdm/m^ bdn 10 tin phin chudng + 100 kg N + 70 kg P2O5 -K 100 kg K2O cho 1 ha; Ilia mua (giong Khang Din 18, mat dp h-ong 50 khdm/m^ bdn 10 tan phin chudng + 80 kg N -n 60 kg PgOg -1- 80 kg K2O cho 1 ha; ngo ddng (gidng LVN4, mit dp trdng 5 e i y / m ^ bdn 10 tin phin chudng + 180 kg N -n 120 kg PaOs + l S O k g K a O c h o l h a .
Ch^ dp eanh tic viii phe php pham: Phu pham ndng nghidp dupc Iiy ttr ciy trdng vu trudc viii Iai cho ciy trdng vu sau. Ddi vdi ciy liia tra lai toan bo ra tuong dtrong 60% nang suit rom ra; diu tuong t r i Iai 100% than, li; ngd ti-a lai 50% than, li.
2.2. l h u thip s6 li$u, liy miu, phin tich v i tlnh toinsdli^
Nang suit ciy trdng trong thi nghidm dupc thu thip trong 14 nam, tii n i m 1998 d^n nim 2011. Mau
Ilia, ngd v i phin diudng dugc lay trong nim 2011, phan tich h i m Iuong P tong so trong ciy (thin, la, hat), trong phan v i dupc sii dung d^ tinh toan can bang lan. Miu dat dtroc I ^ tnroc khi lim thi nghi§m v i vio nam 2012 (vu ngd ddng); sau dd dupc phin tich mdt so chi tidu (tnroc khi lira thi nghidm: PHRCI, OC, P t6ng sd va dd tidu; nam 2012: PHRQ, OC, P
^ n g sd, P dd tidu v i c i c dang l i n trong dat nhir P hiiu CO, P hda tan, Ppe, PAI» Pca+Mg)-
Phin tich c i c miu dit, m i u eay v i miu phin theo c i c phuong p h ^ eua Vidn TTio nhudng Ndng hda (1998) vdi cac chi tieu phin tieh; pH (pH meter), eac bon huu co (Walkley-BIaek), Ian tdng sd (cdng p h i bing H2S04 v i HCIO4, do bang may phd quang ke b hudc sdng 820 nm), lin dd tidu (Bray II), lin hda tan (chi^t bang NH4CI 1 M, do bing miy phd quang ke b budc sdng 820 nm), lin hdn k^t nhdm (P- AS) (phan dit sau khi lira lin hda tan, cho vio ly tim hai lin voi NH4F 0,5 M o pH 8,2; liy dich loc v i do), lin Udn ket sat (P-Fe) (phan dat sau khi xac dinh P- AI, riia hai lin vdi NaCI, lie vdi NaOH 0,1 M, gan v^
cho vai giot HjSOj dae, Ipc lay dung dich d^ xac dinh), lin Udn k^t can xi v i ma gie (dit rua bing NaCl bao hda, lay dich riia bd stmg H2SO4 0,25 M;
lie, ly tim, Ipc Iiy dung dich d^ x i c dinh).
Can bang lin trong thi nghidm dupc tinh hing edng thirc: P = P„„tput - Prnpui! trong dd P(,u^,ut Ii tong lupng Ian lay ra khoi rudng (gdm lupng lin tir san pham thu hoach v i tu- ph^ phu phim lay ra khdi rudng) v i P„,pu, l i tong Iugng lin hd sung vao mpng, bao gdm lan tu phin chudng v i phan khoang. Trong nghidn Cliu niy, can bang lin dtrpc bd sung tir nudc tudi v i ntroc thoit ra khoi hd thdng dtroc coi l i rit nhd va gidng nhau a tat ca cie cdng thiic.
Sd Udu dupc xu Iy thdng kd b i n g phin m^m Microsoft Excel v i SAS 9.1.
3. MET QUA N G I « Cdu VA THAO LUM
3.1. Anh hudng ciia phin bdn v i viii ph^ phy phim d^n ning suit cSiy trdng
CT che do canh tic khdng vui ph^ phu phim, ning suit ciy trdng cd str khic bidt rd giira c i c cdng thiic phan bdn (Hinh 1,2 v i 3) ngay d vy diu tidn (sd Udu n i n g suit nim 1998); v i su chdnh l ^ h v^ ning suit cay trdng giiia cic cdng tihiic phin bdn ngiy cing rd hon trong q u i trinh canh tic, th^ hidn d miic do sai khic v^ ning suit cay trdng cd y nghia thdng kd trong nam cudi (2011).
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIIN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2014
KHOA HQC CdNO NGHl
Vdi hia xuin d ch^ dd canh tic khdng viii ph^
phy phim, ning suit hia giam din theo cie cdng thiic phin bdn NPK+PC > NPK > NK > PC > NP > PK
> DC, cho thiy dam vi kaU la hai y ^ td anh hudng nhat d ^ ning suit liia xuin trdn dat xim b$c miu Bic Giang. Sd U^u ning suit ciing cho thay anh budng cua P d^n ning suit liia giam ding k^. Nang suit Ilia bidn ddng qua cac nam, nhung giam d hau h^t cic cdng thiie trong vv xuin 2008 do anh hudng ciia thdi ti^t (Hmh 1).
Hinh 1. Ning suit liia xuin a cic cdng Ihiic phin bdn khic nhau theo ch^ d$ khdng viii ph^ phv phim, giai do^n 199&-2011; cic cha trong dd th| Ifa^ hi^n sti sal khic wi ning suit nim cudi cCmg d miie cd f
ngtoa(P<0,05)
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hudng cua cic cdng thuc phin bdn ciing tuong tu nhu vu liia xuin, chi khie li anh hudng cua thi^ K ddi vdi nang suit liia trong vu mua the hidn rd hon so vdi trong vu xuin. Xu th^ v^ anh hudng cua cac nguydn t6 dinh dudng ciing cho thiy N va K li cie yeu td han ch^ Idn nhat ddi vdi Iiia mua d ch^ dp canh tic niy (Hinh 2).
Hinh 3. Ning suit ngd ddng d cic cdng thiic phin bdn Idiic nhau theo ch^ dO Ididng vCii ph^ phy phim, giai doan 199^^2011; cic chfr trong dd tiij th^ hi$n su
sai khie v^ nang suat nim cudi cung d miic cd f nghia (P < 0,05)
Ddi vdi ngd ddng d ch^ dd khdng viii ph^ phu phim, inh hirdng ciia cie cdng thiic phin hdn th^
hidn rit rd (Hinh 3), nang suit giam dan theo cie cdng thiic phin bdn NPK+PC > NPK > NK > PC, PK, NP vi DC. Khdng bdn N vi K da Iim giam ning suit ngd rd rdt, gin bing cdng thiic DC (khdng bdn phin).
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Hinh 2. Nang su^ Ida mi^ 6 c ^ cdng thtte p h ^ b6n kMc nhau theo A6 d$ khdng vin phi phv phim, giai do«o 199S'2011; cic chfi trong S6 thi thi hi$n sv sai
khde v^ nibig svit nam cu6i cDing dr mtte c6 ^ nghia (P<0,05)
Vdi lua mua d chi dp canh tic khdng vui ph^
phu p h ^ , nang suit cOng cd bi^n ddng khd ldn trong giai doan 1998-2011, tinh trung binh cua ca giai doan thi nang sudt gidm ddn theo cdc cdng thurc sau NPK+PC > NPK > NK > PC > PK > NP > DC. Anh
axn s x ! 2004
Hinh 4. Nang suit Ilia xudn d cdc Cdng tilite phdn bdn khde nhau theo ch^ dd TAI ph^ phv phdm, giai doan 199&'2011; edc chO tiong Si th) tbi hi$n sv sai khde v6 ndng sudt ndm cu6i ctmg dr muc cd ^ nghia
(P<0,05)
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIIN NONG THdN - KY 1 - THANG 9/2014
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
O ehe do canh tic cd viii phe phu pham, eac cdng thiic phin bdn ciing cd anh hirong kha rd d^n nang suit ngay trong vu diu tien (Hmh 4, 5 va 6).
Miic dp khic nhau v^ nang suit giira cac cdng thiic cung g i n tuong tu nhu d che do khdng viii phe phu pham, nhung khoang each chdnh Idnh giiia cic cdng thiic d che do vtii ph^ phu pham thu hep hon, die biet Ii vdi Iiia (so sanh hinh 1 vdi hinh 4, hinh 2 vdi hinh 5). So sanh nang suit Iiia xuin b cdng thiic phin bdn DC (khdng bdn phin) v i bon diy dii NPK+PC d chd dd khdng viii ph^ phu pham cho thiy, ning suit Iiia trtmg binh cua 14 nam la 22,28 ta/ha vi 47,19 ta/ha; trong khi d che dp vui ph^ phu pham nang suit liia tuong iing Ii 25,31 ta/ha vi 49,97 ta/ha. Nhin chung do viii phe phu pham, nang suit ciy trdng tang khoang 5-20%; ket qui niy k h i phii hop vdi nhieu nghidn ciiu vd anh huong cua vui phe phu pham ddn nang suat ciy trong ^ d Thi X6 vi nnk, 1995; Tran Thi Tam & Dio Trong Hiing, 2010).
Hinh 5. Ning suit Ida mua d cic edng thiic phin bdn khie nhau theo che dp vui phd phu phim, giai doan 1998-2011; eic chu trong dd thi t h i hidn su sai khic
v^ nang suit nam cudi ciing b miic cd y nghia (P < 0,05)
Ket qua theo doi ning suit cay trdng b thi nghiem dii han (1998-2011) cho thay ddi vdi liia vi ngd trdn dat xam bac miu Bac Giang, N vi K Ii yeu td han che nang suit chinh; ket qui niy cung tuong tu nhu nghien cuu cua Mussgnug va nnk (2006) khi tien hinh thi nghidm ve anh hudng cua cac nguydn td dinh dudng den nang suit lua va ngd trdn dat xam bac miu Bic Giang. Ket qua cua nghien ciiu niy Cling khing dinh lai mdt sd nhan dmh gan day ve su gia tang him Iuong lin tren dit xim bac mau, din den suy giam hidu Iuc ciia phin lin den nang suit ciy trdng (Le My Hao va nnk, 2013).
Hinh 6. Ning suat ngd ddng d cie cdng thiic phin bdn khic nhau theo c h i dd viii phd phu phim, giai J doan 1998-2011; cae chft trong dd thi t h i hidn sv sai I ; k h i c v l ning suit nam eudi ciing d miic cd y nghia '
(P<0,05) 3.2. Cin b i n g lan
Kit qua tinh toan lin dau vao v i diu ra ciia cac cdng thiic phin hdn va c h i dp canh tic khae nhau (cd viii vi khdng viii phe phu pham) trong sudt qud trinh canh tic 14 nam dtrpc t h i hidn d hinh 7 v i 8. Sd hdu phin tich ly giai su du thira lin trong dat xim bac mau, d tat ca cic cong thiic (trir cdng thiic DC vjl cong thiic NK, hai cong ihiic khong bdn Ian), lupng lin dau ra thip hon rit nhilu so vdi lin diu vio.
Hmh 7. Cin bing lin d cic cdng thiic phin hdn khde nhau sau 14 n i m canh tic Udn tyc, khdng viii phi phu phim; cie chii trong dd thi t h i h i ^ su sai khic
b miic cd y nghia (P < 0,05) Nlu bdn hdn tuc NPK+PC thi h i m lupng lin du thira lai sau 14 nam canh tic khoang 1.700-1.900 kg PaOj/ha; nlu bon NPK Udn tuc thi du thira lin 694- 809 kg PjOfl/ha; nlu bdn thilu N v i K thi ham lupng lin du thira con cao ban rat nhilu so vdi bdn day dii NPK (do nang suit ciy trdng giam, Iugng lin diu ra ciing giam theo), lin du thira dao dpng trong khoang 1.200 kg P205/ha. Kit qua nghidn cuu cung cho thiy
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG /20U
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHfi
kha ning eung c ^ lin hi dat (vi cd t h i mdt lugng nhd tir nudc tudi), d cdng thiic ddi chiing DC (khdng bdn bd sung lin trong 14 nam), lugng lin diu ra d ca hai chi dd viti v i khdng vui p h i phu pham dao ddng trong khoang 218-238 kg PgOs/ha (Hmh 7 v i 8).
Vui p h i phu phim v i khdng vui p h i phu pham -khdng anh hudng nhieu d i n can bang lin trong dat, Iy do Ii him Iugng lin trong p h i phu phim ciy trdng chilm mdt ty Id khdng ldn. Ngugc lai, bdn phin chudng lira gia tang rat ding k l him Iugng lan ti'ong dit, nlu chi bdn ridng phin chudng, sau 14 nam him lugng lin du thiia ti'ong dat ldn tdi 800-900 kg PaOs/ha. Bdn phin chudng Iam gia ting h i m Itrgng lan trong dit x ^ vung Bic Giang ciing dirge de cip trong nghien ciiu gin diy ciia Tien Minh Tran et al.
(2012), khi cae tie gia cho ring cd su thay ddi Idn v l chit Iugng phin chudng (chu ylu Ii phin Ign) do thay ddi v l phuang thiic v i thiic an chan nudi (dtmg nhieu thuc an tinh, thiic an cdng nghidp). Ty Id N, P vi K trong phin Ign tuoi (dd am 69%) tuong iing b muc 1%, 1% v i 0,2%; trong khi theo c i c sd Udu phin tich hudc diy, ty Id niy la 0,7% N, 0,6% P va 1% K (dd im 66%); k i t q u i cho thay him lirgng lin trong phin chudng tang cao, trong khi ham lugng kah Iai giam khi nhilu.
Hinh 8. Cdn bing lin d c i c cdng thiic phin hdn khie nhau s w 14 nam canh t i c lidn tuc, cd vui p h i phu phim; cic chii trong dd thi thd hidn su sai khie d
miic cd y nghia (P < 0,05)
3.3. Anh htrdng ciia phin hdn v i viii p h i phu phim din eic d^ng lin trong dit
Sd U^u phan tich thanh phan lin trong dat cho thiy lan hda tan chilm ty Id khdng ding ke trong tdng lugng lin (khoang 1-2%). lin Udn kdt s i t v i nhdm chilm ^ Id tmng binh 15-18%, lin lidn k i t canxi vi magid chidm khoing 12-22%; cdn Iai chu ylu
Ii lin d dang hihi co, chilm khoang 30-70% tdng Iugng lin trong dit (Hmh 9 v i 10). Nhin chung so Udu flianh phan lin cho thiy ty Id e i c dang lin khoang trong dat xim bac miu d thi nghidm dii ban nay cung tuong tu nhu trong dit xam bac miu canh tie liia va rau d Bic Giang da dugc cdng bd trong nghien ciiu trudc diy cua Tran Qudc Virong v i Trin Mmh Tiln (2013).
Hinh 9. Cac dang lin trong dat d c i c cdng thiic phin bdn khic nhau sau 14 n i m canh tie Udn tue, khdng
viii p h i phu phim
Hinh 10. Cic dang lin trong dit d cic cdng thuc phin bdn khic nhau sau 14 nam canh tic Udn tuc, cd
viii p h i phu phim
Cic dang lin trong dat cua cic cdng thirc phin bon va chi dp sii dung phe phu pham khic nhau ciing cho thay kha rd su khac bidt; cic cdng thiic cd bd sung lin khoing lam tang ding k l Itrgng lin tdn du trong dat, tdng luong lin tdn du trong dit d cic cdng thiic bdn lin khoing (NP, PK, NPK va NPK+PC) cao hon 20-50% so vdi lin ton du d cic cdng thiic khdng bd sung lan khoing (DC, PC v i NK). Viii phe phu pham lim tang ding k l ty I | lin
N O N G NGHlfP VA PHAT T R I I N NONG T H 6 N - KY 1 • THANG 9/2014
KHOA HOC C O N G N G H |
huu CO trong thanh phin lin, ty I^ lin huu co tang trdn 10%. Nhu viy cie t i c ddng v l bdn phin v i viu p h i phu pham lira t h ^ ddi ham lugng lin, thinh phan v i die bidt la Itrong lan hihi co trong dat Kit qua nay khdng khic so vdi nhiing nhin dinh trudc diy khi tiln hanh nhung nghien ciiu tuong tu trdn c i c loai dat cd die diem tuong ddi khac biet so vdi dit x i m hac mau Bic Giang (Bunermann et al., 2006;
Vu etal., 2010).
4.KfTLUAN
- Nang suit Iiia giam din theo cie edng thiic phan bdn NPK+PC > NPK > NK > PC > NP > PK >
DC; v i nang suit ngd giim dan NPK+PC > NPK >
NK > PC, PK, NP v i DC. Viu phe phu pham lam tang ning suit ciy trdng khoang 5-10% v i giam ding k l su chdnh l$ch ve nang suit ciy trdng d cac cdng thiic phin bdn khic nhau.
- T i t ea cic edng thiic phan bdn (trir cdng thiic khdng bdn lin), lugng lin dau ra thap ban nhieu so vdi lin diu vao. Nlu bdn Udn tuc NPK+PC thi ham lugng lin du thua Iai sau 14 nam canh tic la 1.700- 1.900 kg PjOs/ha; n l u bdn NPK Udn hic thi du thira lin Ii 694-809 kg PaO^Aa; neu bdn thieu N v i K ihi ham Iugng Ian du thira khoang 1.200 kg PaOs/ha; chi bdn phin ehuong hdn tue cung lira du thira lin 800- 900 kg PgOs/ha.
- Bd sung lin khoing lim tang ding k l Iugng lin tdn du trong dat, tdng Iugng Ian tdn du trong dat d cic cdng thuc bdn lin khoing cao hon 20-50% so vdi lin ^ n du d cic cdng thiic khdng bd sung lin khoing; viii phe phu pham Iim tang ding k l ty Id Ian hiiu CO trong thinh phin lin; ty Id lin huu co tang khoang tren 10%.
TJUUai THAM KHAO
1. Bunemann E. K., Heenan D. P., Marschner P., McNeill A M. (2006). Long-term effects of crop rotation, stubble management and tillage on soil phosphoras dynamics. AustraUan Joumal of Soil Research 44, 611-618, doi 10.1071/SR05188.
2. Hd Quang Diic, Trin Qudc Vuong, Biii Hiiu Ddng, Trin Minh Tien (2012). Danh gii thuc ti-ang sd lirgng va mdt sd tinh chat dit xim bac mau miln Bic. Tap chi Ndng nghidp v i Phit trien ndng thdn.
so 24, trang 19-25.
3. Ld My Hao, Bui Tan Yin, Hd Quang Dire, Tran Qudc Vuong (2013). Thuc trang lin trong dit x i m bae m i u mien B i c Vidt Nam. Tap chi Ndng nghiep v i P h i t triln ndng thdn, sd 3 + 4, trang 24- 30.
4. Holford I. C. R. (1997). Soil phosphoms: its measiuement, and its uptake by plants. AusL J. Soil Res. 35:227-239.
5. Mussgnug F., Becker M., Son T. T., Buresh R J., VIek P. L. G. (2006). Yield gaps and nutiient balances m intensive, rice-based croppmg systems on degraded soils in the Red river delta of Vietnam.
Field Crop Res., 98,127-140.
6. Trin Thi Tam, Dio Trgng Himg (2010). Anh hudng ciia viu phu pham ndng nghidp d i n nang suat v i kha nang giam thilu Iugng kah bdn cho ciy trdng trong Cff ciu cd Ilia trdn dat bac mau v i dat cit biln.
Tap ehi Khoa hge Dat, sd 33.
7. Tien Minh Tran, Hien Huy Bui, Jesper Luxhoi, Lars Stoumann Jensen (2012). .^pUcation rate and composting method affect the immediate and residual manure fertilizer value in a raaize-rice- rice-maize cropping sequence on a degraded soil in Northem Vietnam. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 58,206-223.
8. Nguydn Vi, T r i n Khai (1978). Nghidn cim hda hoc dat viing Bac Viet Nam. NXB Ndng nghidp.
H i Ndi.
9. Vidn Thd nhudng Ndng hda (2001). Nhiing tiidng tm Cff ban ve cac loai dat ehinh Vidt Nam. NXB The gidi. Ha Ngi.
10. Vu D. T , Aimsti-ong R D., Newton P. J., Tang C. (2010). Long-term changes in phosphoms fractions in growers' paddocks in the northern Victorian gram belt. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst DOI 10.1007/sl0705-010-940a^.
11. Tran Qudc Vuong, Trin Muih Tiln (2013).
Dae dilm c i c dang lin d hai Ioai hinh su dung dit chuydn Iiia vi chuyen rau trdn dit x i m bae miu Bic Giang. Tap chi Ndng nghidp v i Phit triln ndng thdn, sd 24, frang 12-16.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2014
KHOA HOC CdNO N G H £
EFTECTS OF FERITLiaiRS AND CROP RESIDUES ON CROP YIELD, PHOSPHORUS BALANCE IN FIELDS, AND PHOSPHORUS FORMS ON GREYDEGRADED SOIL IN BAC GIANG
Tiran Quoc Vuong, Tran Minh Tien, Bui Huy Hien Suminaiy
In order to elucidate the effects of fertilizers and crop residues on crop yield of the crop sequences spring rice - summer rice - winter maize on grey degraded soil in Bac Giang, as well as phosphorus balance in fields and phosphorus forms in soil, this study was conducted by coUecting and analyzmg crop yield information and soil samples in a long term experiment which has been carried out since 1998. The experiment included 2 fectors: *fector 1 included 7 fertilizer treatments (designed as N, P, K omission plots); * fector 2 included 2 treatments of using crop residues (widi and without crop residues fi-om previous seasons). Research results showed that rice yield decreased by fertilizer treatments NPK+PC >
NPK > NK > PC > NP > PK > DC, and maize yield decreased by NPK+PC > NPK > NK > PC, PK. NP and DC (no fertilizer). Using crop residues increased crop yield from 5 to 10% compared to non using and decreased the deference of crop yield in fertilizer treatments. P out put in fields of most fertilizer treatments (except treatments non applying mineral phosphorus) was much lower than P mput After 14 year continuous cultivation, applying NPK+PC, NPIC, PK and NP treaUnents, P remaining in field were 1,700- 1,900,694-809,1,200 kg PjOg/ha, respectively, .^iplying farm yard manure (PC) onfy, P remaining was 800- 900 kg PaOj/ha. P remaining in field was depended on mineral P application, increased 20-50% compared to the non mineral P application treatments; using crop residues increased P organic fraction in soil, around 10% compared to non using crop residues.
Key words: Ptiaction, P organic, grey degraded soil, Bac Giang.
Ngudi phin b i ^ : PGS. TS. Ph^m Quang Hi Ngiy nhin bii: 02/07/2014
Ngdy thdng qua phin bi|n: 28/7/2014 Ngdy duyet ding: 04/08/2014
N 6 N G NGHIDP V A PHAT TRI^N N O N G THdN - KY 1 - THANG 9/2014
