ANH H l / d N G CUA THlTC HANH TUYEN UUrN*^
VA TUYEN CHON N H A N SlT VA CAC CONG CU CONG NGHE THONG TIN VA TRUYEN THONG
TOfI CHIA SE TRI THtTC CUA GIANG VIEN TRONG CAC TRlTOiNG DAI HOC
Do Van Sang Tru&ng Dgi hgc Kinh ti Quoc ddn
Email: [email protected] Le Van Nam Tnrang Dgi hoc Kinh te Qudc ddn
Email. [email protected] Doan Quang Minh Tru&ng Dgi hoc Kinh ti Quoc ddn
Email: [email protected] Nguyin Thanh Do Tru&ng Dgi hgc Kinh te Qudc ddn Email: [email protected]
Nguyin Trung Tuan Truang Bgi hgc Kinh ti Quoc dan
Email: [email protected]
Ngay nhan: 02/3/2020 Ngay nhan ban sira. 08/4/2020 Ngay duyel dang: 05/5/2020
Tom tat:
Mifc dich cua bdi viit ndy Id xdc dinh vd khdm phd cdc nhdn to dnh huang din chia si tri thiec cua gidng viin trong tru&ng dai hgc cong lap & Viet Nam. Thong qua viic tong quan cdc nghien cuu trong vd ngodi nu&c tru&c day, nhdm nghiin ciru da tong hap, xdy dung nin mo hinh ly thuyit xdc dinh cdc nhdn td dnh hu&ng. Phuong phdp nghien cuu dinh lucmg, duac dp dung, kit qud cho thdy cdc cong cu cdng nghi thong tin vd truyin thong, thuc hdnh tuyin dun^, tuyen chgn nhdn su co dnh hu&ng din ehia se tri thirc. Ngodi ra mgt sd nhdn td lien quan din nhdn khdu hgc nhu do tudi, gi&i tinh, ehuyin mdn cung phdt hiin Id cd dnh hu&ng t&i ehia se tri thuc. Dua trin kit qud nghien ciru, mgt so hdm y chinh sdch duac di xudt cho cdc trudng dgi hgc cdng lap a Viet Nam.
Til' khoa: Chia se tti thuc, quan tri tri thirc, cac cong cu cong nghe thong tin va truy6n thong, tuyen dung & tuyen chon.
Ma JEL: M15, 032, C83,123
Impact of recruitment and selection practices and information and communication technology tools on knowledge sharing of lecturers in universities
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore determinants affecting the knowledge sharing of lecturers in public universities in Vietnam. Based on reviewing literature both local and international previous studies, we synthesized and built a theoretical model tn identifv the influencing factors. Using quantitative research methods, information and communication technology tools and recruitment and selection practices were found to influence knowledge sharing In addition, the demographic factors, such as age, gender, and expertise were found to be influential. Finally, these findings have implications for public universities in Viet Keywords- Knowledge sharing, knowledge management, ICTs tool, recruitment and"^l practices.
JEL Code: M15. 032, €83, 123
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J*y'liattrien
Nhimg tign bg trong cong nghe (cong nghe thong tin, hay cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong) dang thay d6i each thiic cac ca nhan giao tiep va tuong tac (Marwick, 2001). Alavi & Leidner (2001) cho rjng, cac cong cu cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong (goi tat la ICTs) dugc sii dung trong chia se tti thiic nhu cac phan mem img dung, tien ich, cac thiet hi phk cimg,... Cong nghe dugc sir dung rgng rai dl tang cutmg mirc do hgp tac giira cac ca nhan va nhom (Nooshinfard & Nemati-Anaraki, 2012). Day dirac coi la cong cu tiem nang ho trg viec phat trien, lini tru' va chia se tri thirc (CSTT) bat ke kho khan vS thoi gian va khoang each (Reychav & Weisberg, 2010). Ben canh do, mgt so nghien ciiu tnrac day cho thiy anh hudng ciia cong nghe thong tin toi cac hoat dgng chia se tri thu'c van con nhieu y kien trai chi6u. Svetlik & cgng su (2007) khang dinh ICTs c6 anh huong tich cue den qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic nhimg khong co m6i quan he voi qua trinh truygn dat h-i thiic. Zawawi & cgng sir (2011) xac dinh ICTs dong mgt vai tro quan trgng trong viec chia se tri thirc, nhung Chen & cgng su (2009) khi nghien cin.i ve chia se tri thirc thi lai cho rang yeu to ICTs khong phai nhan to anh huong toi no. Do do can co nhieu nghien ciiu thuc nghiem a cac moi tnicmg, boi canh khac nhau de kiem dinh anh huong cua sir dung cong nghe toi chia se tri thiic.
Mat khac, thuc hanh nhan su mieu ta cac chinh sach, thu tuc, he thong va cac hoat dgng (Minbaeva, 2005) dugc Sli dung de dinh hinh va anh hucmg den hanh vi, nang luc, thai do ciia nhan vien nham dat dugc cac muc tieu ciia to chiic (Chen & cgng sir, 2009). Gupta & Singhal (1993) da xac dinh thuc hanh tuyen dung & tuyen chgn la mgt trong cac thuc hanh nhan su quan trgng. Dua tren cac xac djnh nay, Minbaeva (2005) cung xac dinh thuc hanh nhan sir, tham dinh, boi thuong, thang chirc va dao tao la nhimg thuc hanh anh hucmg den nang luc hap thu va dgng lire de chia se tri thiic. Minbaeva (2005) ciing coi do la cac thuc hanh nhan sir dugc su dung de h6 trg h-ong moi trudng hgc tap, noi tri thirc dugc xac djnh, sau do chia se, giai thich va sii dung chung.
Edvardsson (2008) coi tuyen dung & tuyen chgn, dao tao va phat trien la nhimg thuc hanh nhan sir co anh hudng nhat doi vdi viec chia se tri thirc Simonin
& Ozsomer (2009) cung xac dinh cac thuc hanh do lien quan tich cue den dinh hudng hgc tap va chia se hi thiic trong mgt to chirc.
Xuat phat tir cac quan digm nhu ti-en, nhom tac gia muon khai thac sau ve tac dgng cua cac nhan to thugc ve ICTs va thuc hanh hiy6n dung & tuy^n chon nlian su tdi chia se tri thuc cua giang vien trong cac tru'dng dai hgc tren dia ban Thanh phd Ha Ngi.
2. Cff Sff ly thuyet, mo hinh va cac gia thuyit nghiSn cuu
2.1. Cff Sff ly thuyet
Ve mat ly thuygt, chia se tri thiic xu4t phat tir cac ly thuyet xa hgi ma nSn tang la cac ly thuygt nhu ly thuyet hanli vi, ly thuyet von xa hgi, ly thuygt vai tro, ly thuyet trao doi xa hgi. Ly thuygt trao doi xa hgi la mgt trong nhu'ng ly thuyet dugc sir dung pho bien de giai thich hanh vi chia se tri thiic (Bock &
cgng sir 2005). Ben canh do, ly thuyet hanh vi cd hoach dinh (TPB) cung da dugc nhieu nha nghien CU'U sir dung de giai thich hanh vi chia se tn thiic (Bock & cgng sir, 2005).
Chia se tn thii'c thdi gian gan day da trd thanh mgt van dg nghign ciru nong trong cac linh vuc khac nhau cua quan ly (Mueller, 2012; Connelly &
Kelloway, 2003). No khong chi la thach thiic ldn nhat trong quan tri tri thiic (QTTT) ma cdn la yeu to quan trgng nhat trong viec do ludng hieu suat quan tn tri thirc hoac to chiic hgc tap (Foss & cgng sy, 2010). Ben canh cong tac quan ly thdng tin, quan tri tri thiic tao digu kien cho viec san xuat cac tri thiic mdi va cac each quan ly khac nhau de chia se va ap dung tri thirc (Davenport & De Long, 1998). Quan tri tri thiic nhan manh thirc tg rang cac to chiic nen sir dung nhiing nhan vign cd the dong gdp de chia se tri thirc vdi cac nhan vien khac (Small & Sage, 2006).
Chia se tn thiic lien quan dgn nhiing ca nhan khac nhau 0 cac cap do khac nhau trong to chiic, chia se tri thirc dugc thuc thien thong qua hai qua trinli: (1) qua trinh truygn dat tri thuc, dugc thyc hien khi cd it nhat mot ngudi tham gia truyen dat, phan phdi tn thiie, v6n tri thuc ciia ban than ngudi sd huu, trong khi nhung ngudi cdn lai thi tham khao, tigp thu cac tri thiic ciia ddng nghiep hay cdn ggi la (2) qua trinh thu nhan tri thirc (Van & cgng sy, 2004).
2.2. Md hinh nghien cuu vd cdc gid thuyet nghien cim
2.2.1. Cdc gid thuyit nghien ciru
Cdc cong cu cong nghi thdng tin vd truyin thdng (ICTs) tde dong din chia se tri thuc
ICTs la chu viet t5t ciia Information and Communication Technology Tools (cac cdng cu
Sd 275 thdng 5/2020
kiiililcAlliifi
cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng), dugc dinh nghia la mgt "tap hgp da dang cac cdng cu va tai nguygn cong nghe dugc sir dung de giao tiep, tao ra, phd bign, luu giu va quan ly thdng tin" (Blurton, 2002). Cac cong nghe nay bao gom may tmh, mang Intemet, mang ngi bd, phan mgm nhdm, mang xa hgi, cdng nghe truyen thong va dien thoai (Pan &
Leidner, 2003). Khai niem cong nghe thdng tin, cdng nghe thong tin va truyen thong hay cdng nghe trong nghign ciiu vg chia se tri thiic dgn nay vSn cdn chua lh6ng nhit. Cyril Eze & cgng su (2013) coi cong nghe tri thiic hay con goi la cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng (CNTT-TT) la mgt yeu td quan trgng trong cac sang kign chia se tri thirc trong cac td chiic; Alavi & Leidner (2001) su dung khai niem he thdng thong tin (mforraation systems - IS) de nhan vign chia se tri thirc thong qua cac kho tn thiic; Lin (2007) dimg khai niem cdng nghe thay cho cdng nghe thong tin va truygn thdng va cho rang sir dung cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong cd anh hudng tich cue tdi qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic. Trong khudn khd bai vigt nay, nhdm tae gia sir dung thuat ngii cac cong cu cong nghe thdng tin va truygn thdng (ICTs) de thuc hien trong nghign ciiu.
Alavi & Leidner (2001) cho rang, thong thudng, tri thiic CO thg dugc chia se va chuyen giao trong mgt td chiic thong qua cac phucmg tien khac nhau nhu tuong tac true dien, co van, luan chuyen cdng viec va phat trien nhan vign. Tuy nhien, khi thi trudng va cac to chiic hoat dgng trgn pham vi toan cau, nhihig phuong tien nay co the td ra kem hieu qua va can bo sung bang cac phuong phap dien tu hieu qua hon.
ICTs dong vai trd quan trgng trong viec pha vd cac ranh gidi co sd ha tang, ngan can sir tuong tac giiia cac ca nhan trong mdt to chirc (Hendriks, 1999).
ICTs cho phep tim kiem, truy cap va truy xuat thdng tin nhanh chdng va hd trg trong giao tiep va hgp tac giiia cac nhan vign trong td chirc (Huysman & Wulf, 2006). ICTs cd thg la mgt eong cu hiiu ich de chia se tri thiic hien va tri thirc an (Hislop, 2009). Vai trd quan trgng ciia ICTs la kha nang ho trg giao tiep, hgp tac, tun kigm tri thiic va hgp tac hge tap (Karlsen &
Gottschalk, 2004, Huysman & Wulf, 2006).
Marwick (2001) cho rang, sir ho trg ciia ICTs dugc ky vgng se thiic day chia se tri thiic bang each lam giam bdt cac yen td rao can anh hudng dgn chia se tri thiic. Thii nhat, loai cdng nghe nay lam phang cac ciu tnic kinh doanh, do do cho phep giao tiep nhanh hem qua cac ranh gidi dgc. No giiip vugt qua cac rao can ve thdi gian hoac khong gian, thu hep cac rao
can Knong gian va uiui gi*m giua .^ ^ - _ • ddng tri thiic va cai thien kha nang tiep can thong tin vg hri thiic (Pan & Leidner, 2003). Hon nua, eac ICTs thuc diy sy giao tigp, phdi hgp, qua" he tich cue giiia cac thanh vign vdi nhau, lam giam bat cac khd khan trong mdi quan he giiia cac nhdm, do do, cd thg lam tang cudng trao doi, pho bien tri thirc mgt each hieu qua (Kim & Trimi, 2007; Mueller, 2012).
ICTs cd thg lam tang kha nang chia se tri thiic bang each md rgng pham vi tiep can ca nlian ngoai cac kgnh truygn thdng chlnh thiic. Mang may tinh, bang thong bao dien tii va cac nhdm thao luan xay dyng ngn mgt dign dan trao ddi, thao luan,... tao dieu kien tigp xiic giiia ngudi tim kiem tri thirc va nhiing ngudi tigp can tri thirc (Karlsen & Gottschalk, 2004). Cac CO sd dii lieu va he thong mang cd sin da tao digu kien cho cac nhan vien cd thg trao ddi, chia se thdng tin ma khdng can phai thdng qua cac cap quan ly ciing nhu cau tnic cua td chirc. Hem nua, cac ICTs nay co thg thiic day ehia se tri thirc bang each tao ra cac mdi quan he mdi giira cac thanh vien trong td chirc (Levin & Cross, 2004).
Tac dgng ciia ICTs tdi chia se tri thiic cung dugc tim thay trong nghign ciiu thuc nghiem ciia Lin (2007) va nghien ciiu thuc nghiem eua Cyril Eze &
cgng su (2013) trong boi canh cac doanh nghiep vira va nho d Malaysia. Dya tren kgt qua cac cdng trinh nghign eiiu trudc, cac gia thuygt sau dugc de xuat:
• Gia thuyet la (Hla): Cac cdng cu cdng nghe thong tin va truyen thdng co tac ddng tich cue den qua trinh truyen dat tri thiic.
" Gia thuygt lb (Hlb): Cac cdng cu edng nghe thdng tin va truygn thdng cd tac dgng tich cue dgn qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic.
Thuc hdnh tuyin dung <& tuyin chgn nhdn su tac dong din chia se tri thirc
Fong & cgng su (2011) cho r k g , thuc hanh quan ly ngudn nhan luc (Human Resource Management - HRM) cho phep hinh thanh cac ky nang, kha nang, gia tri, niem tin, thai do va hanh vi eiia nhan vign thdng qua viec tuyin dung, tuygn chgn, giao tigp xa hgi va phat trign mgt nhdm ngudi (vi du, eung eap dao tao va phat tnen cho nhan vien nhu dao tao nghe, luan chuyen cdng viec, huin luyen ed vin) Thdng qua thuc hanh HRM, td chire cd thg ca. thien dugc kien thirc, ky nang, kmh nghiem, kha nang va dgng luc cua nhan vien.
Qua ttog quan vj chia se tt ihftc, cac nha nghien cuu (nhu Riege, 2005; Lin, 2007) ffl phan L h
So 27S thiing 5/2020 106
Hinh 1: M6 hinh nghien cuu dg xuat
Cac cong cu cong nghe thdng tin & truygn
thdng (ICTs)
Thuc hanh tuyen dung
& tuyen chon nhan sy (SC)
Qua tnnh huyen dat tri thiic
• - t Qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic
Chia se tri thiic
nhom cac nhan td thude ve ca nhan va eac nhan td thugc to chiic cd anh hudng den chia se tri thirc.
Cac nhan td thugc vg ca nhan de cap dgn dgng Iuc, quygn sd huu thdng tin, lgi ich, dao diie eua nhan vien. Cac nhan td thugc ve td chiic de cap den van hoa, thuc hanh HRM va lanh dao eua td ehirc. Tuy nhien, khong phai tat ca cac thuc hanh HRM dgu tang cudng chia se tri thirc, thuc hanh HRM sai ed the gay can trd cho hanh vi chia se tri thii'c (Currie
& Kerrin, 2003). Vi vay, digu quan trgng la chgn cae thuc hanh HRM phu hgp de tao digu kien chia se tri thiic giiia cac nhan vien trong mgt td ehire eu the.
Cabrera & Cabrera (2005) cho rang, cd mgt sd thye hanh HRM nhat dinh hieu qua trong viec khuyen khich chia se tri thiic, vi du: thuc hanh tuyen dung
& tuyen chgn, dao tao va phat trign, danh gia hieu suat, boi thudng, lam viec nhdm. Trong nghien ciiu nay, nhom tac gia da chgn thuc hdnh tuyin dung &
tuyen chgn nhdn su de danh gia miic do anh hudng
den chia se tri thirc eua giang vien trong eae trudng dai hge d Viet Nam.
Trong cac td ehuc, thuc hanh tuygn dung & tuygn chgn nhan su la hoat ddng cua chirc nang nhan sy trong HRM, duge thyc hien dg cd dugc diing sd lugng va chat lugng nhan vign (Fong & cdng sy, 2011). Nhin chung, cac cdng ty tuyen dung se cd gang kgt hgp giiia kign thirc, ky nang va thai do ciia cac img vign vdi cac yeu cau ky thuat cua vi tri cdng viec (Chatman, 1991). Nha tuygn dung se truygn dat cho cae img vien vg md ta edng viec va dac diem vi tri edng viec de thu hut img vien du digu kien (Chatman, 1991). Khi miic do phii hgp cua nhan vign mdi vdi mdi quan he va mdi trudng lam viec mdi cao, thi hieu suat lam viec nhdm va ca nhan se cao va dugc ky vgng la se dan den hieu suat cua cdng ty tdt hon (Goodman & Svyantek, 1999). Su phu hgp cua nhan vign mdi cang nhanh chdng kgt hgp tot vdi mdi trudng lam viee mdi, thi su trao ddi, Bang 1: Thong tin giang vien dai hoc tham gia khao sat
Ten tru'ong Tan suat Ty le (%)
Trudng Dai hgc Bach khoa Ha Ngi Tnrdng Dai hgc Giao thong Van tai Tmdng Dai hgc Kinh te quoc dan Trudng Dai hgc Ha noi Trudng Dai hgc Mo - Dia chat Trudng Dai hgc Md Ha Ndi Trudng Dai hgc Ngoai thuong Trudng Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ngi Trudng Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ngi 2 Tmdng Dai hgc Su pham Thg due TT Ha Ngi Trudng Dai hgc Thuong mai
Trudng Dai hgc Xay dung Hgc Vien Quan ly Giao due
77 15 no 22 16 18 20 19 8 30 36 39 37
17.2 3.4 24.6
4.9 3.6 4,0 4.5 4.3 1.8 6.7 8.1 8.7 8.3
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kiiilile^liai irien
Bang 2; Mo ta mSu nghien cuu (n = 447)
Thong tin mau Tan suat
188 259 266 181 381 66 147 183 117 146 219 46 36
Ty 16 ("/
42,01 57.99 59.5 40.5 85.2 14.8 32.9 40.9 26.2 32.7 49.0 10.3 8.1 B6 tuoi:
Dadi 40 tuoi Tir 40 tuoi trd len Gioi tinh
Nam Nii Hoc ham
Chua CO PGS/GS Hoc vi
Cii nhan/ky su Thac sy Tign sy/TSKLl Chuyen mon
Khoa hpc ky thuat - Cong nghe Khoa hoc Kmh te Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan van Khoa hgc Thg due thg thao (TDTT) chia se tn thirc giiia cac thanh vien cii va mdi cua mdt td chii'c cang dien ra nhanh chong, thuan lgi (Chatman, 1991).
Trong mdt nghien cira ciia Currie & Kerrin (2003) cho thay: viee lya chgn ii'ng vign phii hgp nhu ngudi CO nhan thirc chung vg chia se tn thiie se duac uu tign cao hem; Cac phuong phap tuyen dung & tuyen clign nhan su dugc trign khai se eho phep to chitc tliu hilt dugc nhiing ngu'di gioi va co thien hudng chia se tri thiic (Vi du: qua trinh tuygn dung se tim kifim nhiing nhan vien tich cue va hudng ngoai, nhiing ngudi san sang ddng gop cho cac muc tieu chung ciia td chirc. Cac phuong phap tuyen chgn nhu cac cong eu va cac phucmg phap thii nghiem duge su dung trong qua trinh tuygn chgn vi du: phong van, kigm tra ly lich, quy trinh tuygn dung,... ngn dugc thiet ke can than dg dam bao tinh hgp le va do tin cay trong viec tuyen chgn nlian vign ehia se tri thiic chuyen nghiep). Nghien ciiu cua Fong & cgng sir (2011) cho thay, thyc hanh tuygn dung & tuyen chon la hoat dgng quan trgng cua ehiie nang nhan sy trong HRM, CO y nghia trong viec tang eudng chia se tn thiic ciia cac nha quan ly. Phat hien nay phii hop vdi phat hien cua Cabrera & Cabrera (2005) rang lya chgn nlian vien cd gia tri va dac digm tinh each phii hgp se tang cudng chia sg tri thirc, Trong nghien ciiu nay, thuc hanh tuygn dung & Uiyen chgn nhan su
dugc du doan se cd mdi quan he vdi chia se tri thire ciia giang vien trong cac tnrdng dai hgc d Viet Nam.
Do vay, gia thuygt sau day dugc de xuat:
• Gia thuygt 2a (H2a): Thye hanh tuygn dung
& tuygn chgn nhan su ed tae dgng tich cue den qua trinh truyen dat tri thiic.
• Gia thuygt 2b (H2b): Thyc hanli tuyen dung
& tuygn chgn nhan su co tac dgng tich cyc dgn qua trinh thu nhan tri thiie.
2.2 2 Md hinh de xudt nghien cieu
Dya vao ggi y tir eac nghien ciru trudc vg tac dgng ciia ICTs va thyc hanh tuygn dung & tuygn chgn nhan su dgn chia se iri thirc trong td ehirc md hinh nghien cim duoe de xuit nhu trinh bay trong Hinhl
3. Phuong phap nghien cuu 3.1. Mdu khdo sdt vd thu thdp so lieu Dg kiem dinh cac gia thuygt nghign ciru, nhdm nghien ciiu da thu thap sd lieu tii' khao sat giang vign cae h-ucaig dai hgc cdng lap true thuoc Bd Giao due va Dao tao, khu vuc Ha Ndi. Kgt qua thu duoc 445 phigu khao sat bang each phat tmc tigp va 137 phign phieu khao sat online. Sau khi loai bo cae phigu tra la. khong phu hgp, 447 phieu khao sat duae su dung aua vao phan tich. Thong tin ' '
dtrgc the hien chi tigt 6 So 275 thdng 5/2020
STT
Bang 3: Ket qua phan ri'ch nhan t5 kham pha EFA
Bien quan sat Nhan to
1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1. Cac cong cu cong nghe thong nn va tmyen thong (ICTs):
Trirdng cua ThSy/Co...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ICTSl - Thuong giai thicu cac ngn tang cong nghe mdi nham gnip cac hoat dgng dugc thuc hien hieu qua hon
ICTS2 - Co chuyen mon trong viec sir dung, bao tri co sd ha tang thong tm quan trgng
1CTS3 - Co sd ha tang he thong thdng tin duac nang cip, cap nhat thudng xuyen, tao dieu kicn cho chia se va sang tao tri thiic
1CTS4 - He ±dng mang ngi bg tao dieu kien phdi hgp cac nhiem vu giiia tmdng va cac ben lien quan ICTS5 - He thong phan mem lam vice theo nhdm cho phep chia se tri thuc giua cac giang vien
ICTS6 - He thong mang xa hdi cho phep tim kiem va chia se y tudng, thong tin ben trong trong vdi cac bgn lien quan
1CTS7 - He thong mang ngi bg cho phep cliia se cac y tudng va cac tai lieu quan trong
.655 .639 .743 .834 .775 .676 .756 2. Thuc hanh tuyen dung & tuyen chon nhan su (SC)
8 9 10 11
SCI - Cac quy trinh tuyen dung & tuyen chgn trong trudng la cdng bang
SC2 - Su thien vi khong the hien ro trong bit ky quygt djnh tuyen dung nao
SC4 - Trudng quan tam nhieu hon den viec tuyen dung dimg ngudi, dung viec
SC5 - Tat ca cac chiic vu dugc bo nhiem trong trudng deu dua tren hieu qua cong viec (ngudi tot nhit cho cong viec duoc chon bat ke dac diem ca nhan cua ho)
.867 .881 685 .685 3. Qua trinh truven dat tri thiic (KSO)
12 13 14 15 16
KSOl - Toi luon chia se kinh nghiem ca nhan vdi cac dong nghiep
KS02 - Toi ludn chia se tri thiic co dugc tir ben ngoai to chiic tdi cac dong nghiep
KS03 - Tdi luon chia se tri thuc chuyen mdn vdi cac dong nghiep
KS04 - Toi luon chia se tri thiic tu khoa dao tao ma toi da tham gia vdi cac dong nghiep
KS05 - Tdi iudn chia se y tudng va suy nghi vdi cac dong nghiep de quy trinh lam vice hieu qua va tot hon
.882 .754 .833 .603 ,674 4. Qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic (KSH
17 18 19 20
KSIl - Cac dong nghiep frong bg phan ciia toi luon ti'ao doi nhimg gi ho bigt khi toi yeu cau
KSI2 - Cac ddng nghiep trong bo phan ciia (6i cho toi biet cac ky nang oia ho khi toi yeu can
KS13 - Cac dong nghiep ben ngoai bg phan ciia tdi noi vdi toi nhimg gi ho biet khi toi ygu cau
KS14 - Cac dong nghiep ben ngoai bg phan cua toi cho toi biet cac ky nang cua ho khi tdi yeu cau
Cronbach' Alpha 0.888 0.888 0.880
,574 .786 .837 .876 0.879
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Hinh 2: Ket qua CFA cua mo hinh do iuffng toan phan
Chi-square= 402 131 df= 164 ; P= 000 Chi-square/df^ 2.452 GFI= .914 TLI= .947 CFI= .955 R M S E A = .057
3.2. Thang do vd xdy dung bdng hdi Nghien cuu thiet kg bang hdi vdi 23 bign quan sat, sir dung thang Likert 5 bac (1: Hoan toan khdng ddng y; 5: Hoan toan ddng y).
Thang do Cdc cdng cu cdng nghi thong tin vd truyin thdng (7 bign quan sat, ky hieu ITCS) dugc ke thira tu nghign eiru eua Lin (2007) va Cyril Eze
& cgngsu (2013).
Thang do Thuc hdnh tuyin dung & tuyen chgn nhdn su (5 bign quan sat, ky hieu SC) duge kg thira
tir nghign cira cita Fong & edng sy (2011), Currie &
Kerrin (2003).
Thang do Qud trinh truyin dgt tri thirc (6 bign quan sat, ky hieu KSO) dugc ke thira hi eac nghien ciiu ciia Cyril Eze & edng su (2013), Chen & cdng sy (2009).
Thang do Qud trinh thu nhdn tri thu-c (5 bign quan sat, ky hieu KSI) dugc kg thira tir eac nghien cihi eiia Van & cgng su (2004), Cyril Eze & cgng su (2013).
3.3. Phuffng phdp phdn tich Hinh 3: Kgt qua phan tich mo hinh cau true tuygn tinh (SEM)
Chi-square= 509.100 d f = 1 6 5 ; P = . 0 0 0 Chi-square/df= 3.085 GFI= .898 TLI= .924 CFI= .934 RMSEA= .068
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• ng do: sir dung Cronbach's Alpha; Phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA va phan tich nhan td khang dinh CFA de danh gia gia tri hgi hi va phan biet.
Kigm dinh md hinh va gia thuyet nghign ciiu: sir dung phan tich SEM vol phin mgm AMOS 22.
4. Kh qua nghien cu-u
4.1. Thong ke md td ve mdu nghien cu-u Thdng tin mau nghign ciifu dugc thg hien trong Bang 2:
4.2. Kiem dinh thang do
4.2.1. Phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd vd do tin cdy thang do
Phan tich nhan to kham pha (EFA) bang phucmg phap trich Principal axis factoring vdi phep quay Promax. Ket qua nit trich dugc 4 nhan td (Bang 3) tai Engenvalue ldn ban 1; tong phucmg sai trich la 68.366 %), he s6 KMO la 0.930; kigm dinh Bartlett vdi Sig. < 0.05. Ba bign quan sat ed he so tai < 0.5 g6m: KS06, KS15, SC3 nen bi Ioai. Kgt qua phan tich Cronbach' Alpha (Bang 3) cho thay cac thang do deu dat ygu cau vg do tin cay (Cronbach' Alpha
>0.7).
4.2.2. Phdn tich nhdn td khdng dinh (CFA) Ket qua phan tich CFA (Hinh 2) cho thiy mo hinh phli hgp vdi dii lieu: chi-binh phucmg tucmg ddi theo bac tu do (cmin/df) = 2.452; TLI = 0.947; CFI = 0.955; va RMSEA =0.057.
4.3. Kiem dinh mo hinh vd cdc gid thuyet nghien cmi
Ket qua phan tich SEM (Hinh 3) cho thay cae chi so phli hgp cua mo hinh dat yeu cau: cmin/
df = 3.085: TLI = 0.924; CFI = 0.934; RMSEA = 0.068. Ket qua ude lugng cae tham sd trong md hinh nghien cim (Bang 4) cho thay cac mdi quan he dgu CO y nghTa thdng kg (P < 0.05). Dieu nay ddng nghia vdi viec chap nhan cae gia thuygt la, lb, 2a va 2b.
4.4. Phdn tich da nhom
4.4A. Phdn tich cdu true da nhom theo do tuoi
Bign nhan khiu hge cd do tuoi dugc chia thanh 02 nhdm gdm: (i) Nhdm cd do tudi dudi 40 hidi; (ii) nhdm cd do tudi hi' 40 tudi trd Ign
Ket qua phan tieh cho thiy ICTs cd anh hudng tich eye tdi qua trinh truygn dat tn thiic (KSO) doi vdi ea hai nhdm giang vien cd do tudi dudi 40 va tir 40 tudi hd Ign (lin lugt P < 0.05 va P < 0.01); Tuang tu, thuc hanh tuygn dung & tuygn chgn nhan sy (SC) cd anh hudng tich eye dgn qua trinh truyen dat va qua hinh thu nhan thu nhan tri thiie (P < 0.05). Tuy nhign, nhdm giang vign cd do tudi dudi 40 cho thiy eac ICTs cd anh hudng tich eye dgn qua hinh thu nlian tri thirc (P < 0.05), hong khi dd ddi vdi nhdm ed do tudi tir 40 tudi trd Ign moi quan he lai khdng ed y nghia thdng ke (P > 0.05).
4.4.2. Phdn tich cdu true da nhdm theo gi&i tinh Ket qua cho thiy ddi vdi nhdm giang vign nu:
eac ICTs ed anh hudng tich cue tdi qua hinh truyen dat hi thiic va qua trinh thu nhan tri thuc (P < 0.05), trong khi do ddi vdi nhdm giang vign nam, cae mdi quan he lai khdng cd y nghTa thdng kg. Ben canh dd, ddi vdi ca hai nhdm giang vien nam va nir, thyc hanh tuygn dung & hiygn chgn nhan su dgu cd anh hudng tich cyc dgn qua trinh truygn dat va qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic (P < 0.05).
4.4.3. Phdn tich cdu true da nhdm theo chuyen mdn
• Bien nhan khau hgc chuyen mon dugc chia thanh bdn nhdm gdm:
• Nhdm giang vign cd chuyen mdn vg Khoa hgc ky thuat - Cdng nghe
• Nhdm giang vign cd chuyen mdn vg Khoa hge Kinh tg
• Nhdm giang vien cd ehuyen mdn vg Khoa hgc Xa hdi va Nhan van
" Nhom giang vign cd chuyen mdn vg Khoa hgc The due thg thao
Kgt qua phan tich cho thay d6i vdi nhdm giang vien cd chuygn mdn ve khoa hgc Ky thuat - Cdng nghe, Khoa hgc Xa hdi va Nhan van: cae ICTs dgu Bang 4: Ket qua kiem dinh cac gia thuyet nghien cuu
Moi quan he He so chuSn hoa Gia tri P Ket qua
KSO < - K S K - KSO<- K S K -
-ICTs
•ICTs - S C -SC
.186 .173 .331 .386
Chap nhan Chap nhan Chap nhan Chap nhan
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ed anh hudng tich cue tdi qua trinh truyen dat tri thuc (P < 0.05). Trong khi dd, ddi vdi hai nhdm giang vien cd ehuyen mdn edn lai, mdi quan he nay lai khdng co y nghia thdng kg. Ddi vdi nhdm giang vign ed chuygn mdn vg khoa hgc Kmh te, Khoa hge Xa hdi va Nhan van: cac ICTs cd anh hudng tich cue tdi qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic (lan lugt P < 0.05, P < 0.01), trong khi dd ddi vdi nhdm giang vign cd chuygn mon cdn lai radi quan he nay khdng c6 y nghTa thdng kg Bgn canh dd, doi vdi ca hai nhdm giang vien cd chuygn mdn vg khoa hgc Ky thuat - Cdng nghe va Khoa hgc Kinh tg, kgt qua phan tich deu cho thay thyc hanh tuygn dung & tuygn chgn nhan su cd anh hudng tich cue den qua trinh truygn dat va qua hinh thu nhan tri thirc (P < 0.05), trong khi do doi vdi nhdm giang vien co chuygn mdn vg khoa hgc The due the thao ket qua phan tich chi cho thay thue hanh tuyen dung & tuyen chgn nhan sy co anh hudng tich cyc dgn qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic (P < 0.05).
5. Ket luan va ham y chinh sach
Kgt qua nghign ciru da lam ro hon anh hudng eiia eae cong cu cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyin thdng (ICTs), Ihg-c hdnh tuyen dung & tuyin chon nhdn su dgn chia se tri thiic cua giang vign cac trudng dai hgc. Nghien cuu cung da eho thay ca hai nhan td dgu cd anh hudng tich cyc dgn qua trinh truyen dat va qua hinh thu nhan tri thirc. Trong do nhan td thuc hdnh tuyen dung & tuyen chgn nhdn su cd anh hudng tich cue nhat dgn qua trinh thu nhan hi thuc (he sd tac dgng = 0.386; p <.01).
Nhdn td ICTs: Co moi quan he duong vdi qua trinh truygn dat tri thiie va qua trinh thu nhan tri thire. Kgt qua nay tuong ddng vdi cac nghien cira cua Alavi
& Leidner (2001), Marwick (2001), Kim & Trimi (2007), Cyril Eze & edng su (2013). Tuy nlugn, Lin (2007) khi nghign cira anh hudng eiia su dung ICTs den liai qua trinh truygn dat va thu nhan tn thiic thi lai cho rang eae ICTs chi anh hudng den qua trinh thu nhan tri thirc chir khdng anh hudng dgn qua hinh truygn dat tri thirc. Bang phuang phap phan hch ciu tnic tuyen tinh (SEM) hong nghien cim nay, tac gia khang dinh cac cdng cu cong nghg thdng tin va truygn thdng la nhan td cd anh hudng tich cyc dgn chia se tri thirc cua giang vign cac trudng dai hgc khu vyc Ha Ndi.
Nhdn to SC: Co moi quan he duong vdi qua trinh truygn dat hi thue (he sd tac dgng = 0.331; p <.01) va qua trinh thu nhan tri thiic (he so tae ddng = 0.386;
p <.Ut). Ket qua nay nrcntg uuug vu. i-—^J' '•' . trudc: Thue hanh HRM ndi chung va thyc hanh tuyen dung tuyen chgn ndi rieng la ca sd hinh thanh nen nang luc hoat ddng, quan tr\ tri thiic va vdn tri tue, dan dgn viec dat dugc cac nang lye cdt loi (Wright
& cgng su, 2001); Khuygn khich hanh vi chia se tri thii'C (Cabrera & Cabrera, 2005); Tim kigm dugc nhan vien mdi cd so lugng, chit lugng phii hgp vdi moi trudng lam viec va cd khuynh hudng chia se tri thirc (Chatman, 1991; Fong & cdng su, 2011). BSng phuoTig phap phan tich cau tnic hiygn tinh (SEM) trong nghien ciiu nay, tac gia kliing dinh thuc hdnh luyen dung & tuyin chgn nhdn su la nlian td cd anh hudng rat tich eye den chia se tri thiic ciia giang vign cac hu'dng dai hoc khu vuc Ha Ndi.
Ben eanh dd, kgt qua pban tich da nhdm ciing cho thay cd sy khac biet cua bign nhan khau hgc theo do mdi khi danh gia tac dgng dgn chia se hi thirc cua giang vien cac hudng dai hgc. Cy the, ket qua eho thay ICTs cd anh hudng tich cue tdi qua trinh huyen dat hi thiic ddi vdi ea hai nhdm giang vign cd do tudi dudi 40 va tir 40 tudi trd len; SC cd anh hudng tich cyc dgn qua trinli truygn dat va qua trinh thu nlian tri thuc. Tuy nhign, ddi vdi nhdm giang vign cd do tudi dudi 40, ICTs cd anh hudng tich cyc dgn qua hinh thu nhan tri thiic, trong khi dd ddi vdi nhdm cd do Uioi tir 40 tudi trd Ign mdi quan he Iai khdng cd y nghTa thdng kg. Kgt qua ciing cho thay doi vdi nhdm giang vien nii: ICTs cd anh hudng tich cue tdi qua trinh truygn dat tri thiic va qua trinh thu nhan hi thiic, trong khi do ddi vdi nhdm giang vien nam mdi quan he lai khdng cd y nghTa thong kg. Ddi vdi ca hai nhdm giang vign nam va nii', SC dgu cd anh hudng hch cue den qua trinh truygn dat va qua trinh thu nhan Iri thirc. Bgn canh do, bign nhan khiu hge chuygn mdn cung co sy khac biet vg chuyen mdn khi danh gia qua trinh truygn dat va qua hinh thu nhan tri thirc. Ddi vdi nhdm giang vign cd chuygn mon vg khoa hgc Ky thuat ^ Cdng nghg, Khoa hoc Xa hgi va Nhan van: ICTs cd anh hudng tich cue tdi qua trinh truygn dat tri thiic, hong khi dd mdi quan he khong cd y nghTa thdng kg ddi vdi nhdm giang vien CO ehuygn mon con lai; D6i vdi nhdm giang vien ed chuygn mdn vg khoa hge Kinh tg, Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van: ICTs cd anh hudng tieh cue tai qua tnnh thu nhan tn thuc, trong khi dd ddi vdi nhom giang vien ed chuygn mon eon lai mdi quan he khong CO y nghia thong ke.
Tu cac ket qua nghien cti-u tren, hau, y rttt ra la de tang cuang hoat dpng chia se tri thuc ciia
giang
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. ;;^^ „A„ *,..A«^ ^«, bo.r rY viei: i^am ean: D a u hr va ca cae chu'e vu d u g c bd n h i e m h o n g t r u d n g dai hgc Sli dung eac cdng cu C N T T va t r u y e n t h d n g (cac ngn dgu d u a trgn hieu q u a c d n g viee.
tans cone nghg mdi cSn d u a c gidi thieu, a p d u n g r,- 1 1 - i ^ - * ^
idiig V.U11S 5 ^ ^ ; , . , ' ^ Ben canh n h u n g ket qua dat d u a c , nghien cim nay trone td chuc. Cac t r u a n g can c o c h u y e n m o n trong x . , ^ , . , ' " , •'
® . , , . - . . - - ' 1, .- v a n c o n m g t s o h a n e h e n h a t d m h . T r u d e hgt, nghien cone tac su dung, bao t n , n a n g cap CO s a h a tang , , . ' ^
, , ^ . ' • - ' • 1,-.1 - c^Li m a i xem xet tac d d n g cua c a c / C 7 5 va 5 C ngn cong nghg. Cac t r u o n g c u n g can co h e t h o n g m a n g • . 5 ^"« '-"'- ' ^ ' . 3 va ov, uen noi bo, cae p h i n m g m q u a n ly, i a m v i e c n h d m , hg ^^^ ^ " ^ '^^^^ P^,^" ^"'^ ^""^^ ^«^" d ' ? " ^^ ^^' ^ ^ ^ S thSng mang xa hgi d u g e img d u n g dg h a o d 6 i , ehia ' ' " ^ ^^'^ " ^ ^ ^ ^° ^^' ^^^^^ ^^ t""! ^i^'^ cua giang vien se cac y hrdng, thdng tin. Viec tang e u d n g trign khai ^™"S cac t r u d n g dai hgc. T h u hai, p h a m vi nghign thuc hanh hiygn dung & hiygn c h g n n h a n su ciing ^^^^^ ^^ ^^'^ t r u ' n g ^ a i hgc true thuoc Bg Giao due cin duac thyc hien tdt: cac quy trinh hiygn d u n g ^ ^ E>ao tao khu v y c H a Ndi ngn kgl qua cung c h u a
& mygn chgn trong t r u d n g dai hgc can c d n g b a n g , p h a n anh d u g c toan dien cac ygu td khac n h u ioai khong CO su thign vi trong bat ky quygt dinh tuygn hinh t r u d n g dai h g e , yeu to vimg mien Cac nghien dung nao; cac trudng dai hgc q u a n t a m nhigu h o n ciiu trong t u o n g lai can t h y e hien de k h i c phuc cac dgn viec tuyen d u n g diing n g u d i , diing viec, va tat b a n ehe ngu tren.
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