Dong lu*c thiic day Han Quoc hop tac va phat trien quan he vol ASEAN trong the ky XXI^
Phan Thi Anh Thu^**
Tom tat: Do vi the "qudc gia hang trung" nen ngogi giao Hdn Qudc da thuc hien budc dieu chinh chien luge, chuyen hudng tic chd chi coi trgng mdi quan he ddng minh vdi My vd Nhdt Bdn trong sudt the ky XX sang chu ddng lien kit vdi cdc qudc gia ddng hgng hogc nhd yiu a Ddng A ngay tic dau thi ky XXL Qud trinh quay trd ve vdi quy dgo cua ngoai giao khu vuc da dugc cdc tdng thdng Hdn Qudc xdc lap theo dinh hudng coi dia bdn Ddng Nam A Id trung tdm vd hgp tdc vdi ASEAN la trgng diem. Tie ca sd thuc tiin ndy, bdi viet tap trung lugn gidi nhimg dgng luc chu yeu (khdch quan vd chii quan) da thuc ddy Hdn Qudc thay ddi chinh sdch vdi ASEAN, ddng thdi dua ra mgt sd nhdn xet, ddnh gid vd lien he vdi ngogi giao Viet Nam trong tinh hinh mdi
Tir khoa: Han Qudc, ASEAN, Ddng lye hgp tac, T h i ky XXI
Abstract; Because of its middle power status. Republic of Korea (ROK) diplomacy has allegedly made strategic adjustments, a shift from placing importance on the alliance with the US and Japan in the 20''' century to actively cooperating with lower or equally ranked countries in East Asia since the beginning of the 21" century. It is a return to the trajectory of regional diplomacy made by Korean presidents which puts Southeast Asia at the center where cooperation with ASEAN plays a key role. On such a practical basis, the paper focuses on explaining major motivations (both objective and subjective) that prompted ROK's foreign policy change with ASEAN, and on the other hand, provides
remarks including comparisons with Vietnamese diplomacy in the new context.
Keywords: Republic of Korea, ASEAN, Motivations of Cooperation, 2P'Century 1. Dan nhap viec thiet lap quan he ddi thoai theo timg ITnh
Tir sau Chien tianh Lanh, Han Qudc da vuc vdi ASEAN tir nam 1989 va thanh lap timg budc xich lai gin Dong Nam A bing Uy ban Hgp tac LTnh vuc chung ASEAN -
Han Quoc cho thuong mai, diu tu va du lich ' Bai vi^t la san phdm ciia Da tai khoa hpc doc lap ™° "^"} ^^^O. Hon thi niia, cac de xuat va cSp Bo nam 2019: "Nghien cuu cac ySu tfl anh sang kien nham tang cudng hgp tac Ddng huong dSn viec su dung nang lugng mat troi ho gia A nhu y tudng thanh lap Nhdm T i m nhin dinh 6 Viet Nam; trong khuon kho du an hop tac Bfi^g A (nam 1999) va Nhdm Nghien cim TA4949 giiJa Ngan hang Phat trien chau A va Vien i^„ r / . -,/^^/^^ - i i i Han lam Khoa hoc xa ho, Viet Nam. S ™ g ^ ( ™ " 2000) cung lan lucrt duac Han n TS., Tmcmg Dai hpc Khoa hoc xa hoi va nhan Q"°'= ' ' ^ " V<" ™°"8 muon duy tri lai icll van, Dai hoc Quae gia Tp. H6 Chi Minh; Email: cua minll 6 Dong Nam A ttong cuoc canh [email protected] tranli pliam vi atih liuong voi Ntiat Ban va
55 Trung Qudc. Budc sang t h i ky XXI, Han
Qu6c b&t dau dat dugc nhimg budc tien chua tung cd tiong lich sir khi dua quan he vdi ASEAN len tam "ddi tac hgp tac toan dien"
(nam 2004) va "ddi tac hgp tac chien luge"
(nam 2010). Cac cot moc nang cap quan he CO y nghia chiln luge ddi vdi muc tieu nang cao vi thi Han Quoc tiong cac dien dan khu vyc Dong Nam A; ddng thdi md rgng pham vi anh hudng chinh tii cua qudc gia thdng qua ket qua hgp tac kinh te va van hda - xa hgi da phuong. Tir viec cdng bo chinh sach "ngoai giao chau A mdi", Tdng thdng Han QuIc Lee Myung-bak (nhiem ky 2008- 2013) cdn dac biet tang cudng quan he vdi cac qudc gia lang gieng d chau A tien co sd thanh lap Dien dan chau A va xiic tien boat dgng ngoai giao ciia Hdi nghi thugng dinh dac biet ASEAN - Han Qudc. Dinh hudng nay khdng chi cho thay nd lye cua Han QuIc tiong viec hd tig ASEAN tang cudng hgi nhap khu vyc ma cdn md dudng cho sy thanh cong cua chinh sach "hudng Nam"
do Ting thdng Moo Jae-in khdi xudng tu nam 2017 vdi muc tieu dua quan he vdi 10 nude ASEAN len ngang tam nhimg doi tac truyin thdng cua Han Qudc; ddng thdi giup nude nay tiem can vdi true tang trudng cua chau A thdng qua nang lyc ket ndi giira An Do vdi Trung Quoc cua Ddng Nam A.
Nhimg ket qua quan tigng ndi tren cho thay, Han QuIc da bit nhip vdi nhimg chuyen bien khdng ngimg cua hgp tac da phuong va toan cau, tan dyng tdi da mgi ngudn luc nhd coi hgp tac, phat trien quan he vdi ASEAN la "ban dap" de qudc gia nay tien sau vao chi'nh trudng chau A, ddng thdi giiS vai trd nong cot tiong xay dyng cdng ddng Ddng A hoa hgp va thinh vugng.
2. Nhifng dgng lyc thiic day Han Quoc hgp tac va phat trien quan he vdi ASEAN
2.1. Su thay ddi cua tinh hinh qudc ti va khu vuc Ddng A tic dau the ky XXI
Vao thdi diem ket thiic thi ky XX, dia vi dgc tdn ciia My trong can can quyen luc the gidi dan tid nen md nhat trudc xu hudng gia tang su phu thudc lan nhau giiia cac chii the quan he qudc te va qua trinh hinh thanh cac lien ket mang tinh khu vyc. Day la he qua tit yeu tiong nd lyc xich lai gan nhau giiia cac qudc gia vdi cac td chuc khu vyc nham han che vai tid "nhat sieu" cua My va thich ung vdi CO cau quyen lyc "da cudng".
Budc sang the ky XXI, nhan loai tiep tuc chimg kien nhieu dien bien phuc tap va khd ludng cua tinh hinh the gidi. Toan cau hda ngay cang phat tiien sau rgng, da va dang tac dgng tdi tat ca cac qudc gia vi "tam true" cua xu the da dien nay la toan cau hda ve kinh te dien ra d cac ITnh vyc thuong mai, dau tu va tai chinh. Trong khi do, nen san xuat the gidi vdi sy phan cdng Iao ddng toan cau va tinh phu thudc lan nhau ve kinh te dang tac ddng manh me den ket qua hgp tac giiXa cac qudc gia va lam xuat hien nhirng xu hudng lien minh, tap hgp lyc lugng mdi. Tinh the nay budc cac nude phai chu ddng hdi nhap qudc te vi hda binh, hgp tac van se la ddng chay chu dao cua sy phat tiien the gidi Men nay. Tuy nhien, cac cugc chien tianh cue bd, xung dot sac tdc, tdn giao, chay dua vu trang, khung bo v i n xay ra d nhieu noi vdi tinh chdt va hinh thuc ngay cang phuc tap.
Trong b l i canh ky, "chu nghTa dan tdc", "chu nghia khu vyc" lai tidi day va tid thanh yeu td quylt dinh tryc tilp den thai do ciing nhu quan he giira cac nude trong nhiing co che hgp tac toan cau.
d Dong A, nhd vao sy phuc hoi nhanh chdng cua cac qudc gia tiong khu vyc tir sau cugc khung hoang tai chinh - tien te va sy thanh cdng ciia cac md hinh hgp tac da phuong ASEAN+3 ma ddng lyc tang trudng cua kinh t l toan cau da timg budc dich chuyin tit phuong Tay sang phuong Ddng, tiong dd cac qudc gia chau A dang
56 Thdng tin Khoa hpc xa hot. s6 12.2019 nam giir vi tii tam diem. Ndi nhu Tdng
thdng Han Qudc Kun Dae-jung: "Lich su the gidi bay gid dang chuyen tir ky nguyen Dai Tay Duong sang Thai Bmh Duong.
Cimg vdi Lien minh Chau Au (EU) va Khu vyc mau dich tu do Bac My (NAFTA), Dong A da trd thanh mdt tiong ba try cot Idn nhat cua nen kinh te the gidi" (Dan theo:
Kim Se-jeong, 2007). Nd luc hgi nhap va ty khang dinh minh cua cac qudc gia Ddng A duge bieu hien trudc het d y thuc vuon len cita cac nude dang phat trien, qua trinh xac lap vi the cua cac qudc gia tam trung va su troi day cua cac cudng qudc. Dac diem noi tien khdng ehl md ra co hdi hgp tac tiong khu vyc ma cdn tao sue ep tiong cugc canh tianh gianh lay thi trudng va md rgng pham vi anh hudng cua cac nude Dong Bac A sang khu vyc Ddng Nam A, tiong do Trung Qudc dang trd thanh hinh mau cho su "tidi day" nay. Tir dau the ky XXI, vdi quan diem mdi trong quan he qudc te theo hudng "ngoai giao vdi cac nude dang phat trien la quan tigng va ngoai giao lang gieng la quan tigng hang dau" (Nguyen Hoang Giap, 2013: 58), Trung Qudc da tap trung thiet lap quan he vdi tat ca cac nude thanh vien cua ASEAN thdng qua cac co che hgp tac da phuong, tang cudng dau tu kinh te va tich eye ddi thoai an ninh. Ban than qudc gia nay ciing dang bat dau hudng thu thanh qua cai each tir nam 1978; ddng thdi hudng Igi tir sy suy giam tuong doi ve vi the va sire manh cua My (Tran Bach Hieu, 2017: 77).
Trong khi nen kinh te Trung Qudc dang tang trudng nhanh vdi gia tii xuat khau len den 250 ty USD va dy trii cua Ngan hang Trung uong dat 200 ty USD nam 2000 (Boniface, 2014: 174) thi Nhat Ban ciing dat dugc nhieu budc tien quan trgng doi vdi myc tieu tang trudng kinh te trong nam dau tien cua the ky XXI vdi miic dy trii ngoai te hon 361,6 ty USD va tdng tai sand nude
ngoai udc tinh 3.209 ty USD (Hoang Thi Minh Hoa, 2010: 43). Trong thdi ky chm quyen ciia Thii tudng Koizumi tir nam 2001, Nhat Ban khdng chi thoat khdi tinh tiang tri tie do khung hoang keo dai ma cdn timg budc lay lai vi the cua mdt cudng qudc co anh hudng trong khu vyc bang viee tiep tuc phat buy sue manh cua cdng cu "ngoai giao kinh te" de tang cudng quan he ddng minh vdi My; xu ly van de tranh chap bien, dao vdi Trung Qudc va nhat la tham gia vao cac CO che hgp tac vdi ASEAN. De nam giu:
vai trd chinh tii ngay cang Idn bon d khu vuc, Nhat Ban cdn vien tig nhieu nhat cho cac nude Ddng Nam A vdi muc 2,1 ty USD (nam 2001); ddng thdi dau tu 3,9 nghin ty Yen cho ASEAN (nam 2002) - chiem den 57,1% ngudn vdn cua Nhat Ban dd vao Ddng A (Dd Trgng Quang, 2012).
Cue dien qudc te mdi vdi su Idn manh cua Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban va sy dinh liu ngay cang sau vao khu vyc cua cac cudng qudc da tao co hdi ddi thoai va hgp tac cho nhijng nude dang phat tiien d chau A - Thai Binh Duong ndi chung va Ddng Nam A noi rieng. Nhd dac diem nay, tir dau nhiing nam 2000, ASEAN tilp tuc tan dung va phat huy vi tri dia chien luge cua minh de thich ung va ty chit trong quan he qudc te dya vao 3 Igi the: Mgt Id, vai ttd
"kien tao" ttong xay dyng cae ea che hgp tac khu vyc do su canh tianh chien luge giiia cac sieu cudng; hai la. vai trd "trung gian" boa giai va duy tri hda binh, dn dinh d Ddng A do uy tin va vi the ngay cang cao cua ASEAN; ba la, vai trd "dSn dat"
hgp tac song phuong, da phuong vdi cac nude Idn do ket qua tang cudng doan kit va phat trien kinh te ndi khdi. Dii la mdt td chuc cua cac qudc gia vira va nhd nhung ASEAN lai nhan dugc sy ung hg cua nhilu nude Idn va gop phan thuc ddy tiln trinh hgp tac chau A - Thai Binh Duong. Tir dka
nhiing nam 2000, td chiic nay uu tien trien khai cac ke hoach hgp tac tien ba tru cot:
chinh tri, kinh te, van hda - xa hdi nham thu hep trinh do phat tiien giiJa cac qudc gia thanh vien va khdng ngimg thiic day quan he ngoai giao vdi cac ddi tac chien luge d Ddng Bac A. Chinh nhung dien bien mdi d ben ngoai va ben tiong khu vyc ciing vdi cac nhan to Trung Qudc, NhSt Ban va vi the dang !en ciia ASEAN da tao ra ap luc Ian dgng luc de thuc day Han Qudc sdm hoach dinh chiSn luge hgp tac va phat tiien quan he thyc chat, dan di vao chieu sSu vdi cac nude Ddng Nam A tiong sudt the ky XXI.
2.2. Dgc diem ddt nude Hdn Qudc vd nhu cdu hgp tdc vdi ASEAN trong bdi cdnh mdi
Xet ve vi tri dia chien luge, Han Qudc bi biia vay giiia cac lang gieng nude Idn. Qudc gia nay bi mac ket d phia Ddng do Nhat Ban CO trinh do phat trien kinh te cao hon, bi can ttd d phia Tay do Trung Qudc sd hiiu nen san xuat vdi chi phi thip ban va dang ngai nhat la hiem hga hat nhan ludn thudng true d phia Bac ban dao Trieu Tien. Dia the ngat ngheo nhu vay budc Han Qudc phai chu ddng
"hudng ngoai" de sinh tdn va phat tiien. Tir diu nhung nam 50 ciia the ky XX, ben canh no lyc duy tri lien minh quan sy vdi My thi viec tang cudng quan he vdi cac nude thugc the gidi thii ba va cac td chiic qudc te tiong khu vyc nhu ASEAN da tid thanh nhiem vu ngoai giao chien luge vi nd phu hgp vdi vi the quoc gia tam trung ciia Han Qudc.
Trong the ky XXI, du Han Qudc thiet lap quan he bang giao rgng rai den dau thi Ddng A van se la dja ban tac dgng tryc tiep den Igi ich chien luge cua qudc gia nay;
dac biet vi tii an ngii con dudng yet hau the gidi tir Tay sang Ddng vdi Igi the ve tai nguyen va sy hdi tu Igi ich chien luge cua cac cudng qudc d Ddng Nam A la dieu ma Han Qudc khdng the bd qua. Ve lau dai.
qua trinh phat trien va gia tang anh hudng cua Han Qudc d chau A van can den vai tid ndng cot cua ASEAN vi viec md rgng thi tiudng sang cac nude dang phat triln ludn la yeu cau sdng cdn ddi vdi mgt nin kinh te tap trung xuat khiu. Q gdc do an ninh qudc gia, sy tang cudng hien dien tai Ddng Nam A khdng chi cung cd vi the qudc gia hang hai cua Han Qudc ma cdn giiip nude nay giam thieu riii ro tiong cac mdi quan he qudc te va timg budc dgc lap hon vdi My tiong viec hoach dinh chinh sach ddi ngoai. Khdng cdn dat trgng tam ciia boat ddng ngoai giao vao luc lugng ddng minh nhu the ky XX, Han Qudc gid day da thuc sy nhan thiic dugc tam quan tigng cua ASEAN khi ma Ddng Nam A la khu vyc hiem hoi tien the gidi van duy tri quan he truyen thdng vdi Binh Nhudng, nhd dd, cd kha nang tao ra cac kenh ddi thoai da phuong va ndi lai dam phan lien Trieu.
Ve phan minh, tiong tuong quan so sanh vdi cac nude lang gieng d Ddng Bac A, Han Qudc ciing hgi tu dugc nhieu diem manh dl thu hut su quan tam cua ASEAN:
Thu nhdt, nen kinh te phat trien, nen dan chu hda cao, tiinh do ky thuat tien tien va kha nang truyen thdng van boa manh;
thu hai, vi the qudc gia tim trung khdng uy hilp din khu vyc Ddng Nam A nhu hai nude Idn Trung Qudc va Nhat Ban; thii ba, than phan thudc dia cua Han Quoc trong qua khii de ddng cam vdi hau het cac nude thanh vien ASEAN. Ban than Han Qudc ehng khdng gay ra nhiing bat ddng lich su hoac tianh chap chu quyen lam tdn hai den Idng tin cua ASEAN. Quan tigng nhat la, no lyc phat tiien mau le ve mgi mat, trong dd cd phuong dien kinh te, da lam gia tang sue hip dan cua Han Qudc nhu mgt ddi tac hgp tac day tiem nang cua cac nude dang phat triln. Tir chd chiu tac ddng manh nhat tiong cugc khiing hoang tai chinh chau A,
Thong tin Khoa hgc xa h6i, so 12.2019 nam 1999, Han Qudc da vuon len trd thanh
nen kinh te phuc hdi nhanh nhit va on dinh nhat vdi miic tang trudng dat 10,9%, dung dau trong khdi OECD, du trii ngoai te len tdi 74 ty USD (Phan Thi Anh Thu, 2011:
89). Siic ndng tir qudc gia ddng tau Idn nhat the gidi vdi nang lyc san xuat hang dien tii diing thii tu, cac san pham hda dau dung thu nam va san lugng d td dung thu sau toan cau se la su bd sung hop ly cho nhung nen kinh te cd nhu cau tieu dimg cao va phan Idn deu dang ttong qua ttinh cdng nghiep hda - hien dai hoa nhu ASEAN. Nhihig phan tich ndi tren cho thay viec vun dap mdi quan he sau sac va chat che giira Han Quoc vdi ASEAN khdng chi dap ung Igi ich song trimg tir ca hai phia ma cdn duy tii chien luge phat ttien toan dien cho Han Qudc va khoi phuc hgp tac da phuong khu vyc d Ddng A.
2.3. Dinh hudng hop tdc vd phdt trien quan he vdi ASEAN trong the ky XXI
Chinh phii Han Quoc xac dinh: "The ky XXI dan xen giiia canh tranh vdi hgp tac va ngoai giao thdi dai toan cau hda se tap trung vao kinh te, van boa nen Han Qudc dinh hudng tiep tuc md rgng giao thuong, dau tu, du lich va trao doi van hoa de tien vao thdi dai canh tranh khdng gidi han"
(Kim Dae-jung, 1998). Them vao dd, de hoan thien chien luge ngoai giao qudc gia hang trung tren nen tang md hinh ngoai giao toan cau, Han Qudc ciing can chii ddng tiep can va gan ket vdi ASEAN nham rang budc hai nude Nhat Ban va Trung Qudc bang cac CO che hgp tac chung; qua dd, duy tri no luc thing nhat khu vyc Ddng A.
Ddi vdi ASEAN, ngoai mgt thi trirdng nang dgng, nhieu tiem nang phat trien, Han Quoc con danh gia cao vai trd cua td chire nay ddi vdi viec ung phd vdi cac "diem ndng" ciia khu vyc va qudc te, trong dd co van d l an ninh tren ban dao Trieu Tien. Xuat phat tir thyc te nay, Han Quoc dua ra dinh
hudng thiic day mdi quan he toan dien va thyc chit vdi ca 10 nude ASEAN; chu ddng de xuat cac sang kien nham hd tig ASEAN xay dung cdng ddng chung tien co sd thu hep khoang each phat tiien giiia cac qudc gia thanh vien. Dac biet, vdi viec coi quan he tin tudng vdi ASEAN la "hon da tang"
cua chinh sach ddi ngoai (Rhee Yeong- Seop, 2016: 546), Chinh phu Han Quoc mong mudn xay dyng mdi quan he vdi to chiic nay cdng nhu vol timg qudc gia thanh vien nhu nhiing ddi tac bmh dang tiong ba ITnh vyc hgp tac co ban la chinh tii - an ninh, kinh te va van hda - xa hdi. (1) Vi chinh tri - an ninh, Han Qudc chii truong thiic day ddi thoai va hgp tac tiong khudn khd khu vyc do ASEAN dan dat; ngan ngira va giai quyet cac xung dot bang bien phap hda binh; hgp tac ling phd vdi nhiing thach thirc an ninh truyen thong va phi truyen thdng; bao dam an ninh, an toan hang hai va hang khdng d bien Dong, qua dd dam bao hda binh, dn dinh va thinh vugng chung ciia khu vyc Ddng A.
(2) Vi kinh ti, Han Qudc day manh tiao doi thuang mai va dau tu vdi ASEAN, tao dieu kien tiep can va md rgng thi trudng xuat khau bang hda d Ddng Nam A. Tang cudng tiat tu thuong mai ty do va tim kiem cac bien phap thiic day thinh vugng chung. Nghien ciiu kha nang ky ket Hiep dinh thuang mai ty do vdi ASEAN ve hang hda va dich vu trong thap nien dau the ky XXI. (3) Ve van hda - xd hdi, Han Qudc tang cudng tiao ddi van hda va giao luu nhan dan vdi ASEAN nham tang cudng bieu bilt va tinh btiu nghi vdi cac nude Ddng Nam A; chii tigng phat tiien ngudn nhan luc, day manh hgp tac khoa hgc - cdng nghe, thdng tin - truyen thdng, an ninh mang, an ninh nang lugng; hgp tac v l y te, phdng chong va kiem soat djch benh;
ling phd vdi bien ddi khi hau; bao ve mdi tiirdng; quan ly rimg va ngudn nude; tang cudng hgp tac trong quan ly thien tai.
59 3. Mot so nhan xet va lien he vdi Viet Nam
Han Quoc - ASEAN la mdi quan he dac biet giira mgt qudc gia tim trung dang cd vi til va tSm anh hudng ngay cang Idn tren chinh truong Ddng A vdi mdt td chuc khu vyc thanh cdng nhat tiong nira cudi the ky XX cua cac nude the gidi thii ba (Krieger, 2009: 92). Trong thi ky XXI, dinh hudng lien kit va phat triln quan he vdi ASEAN dugc Han Qudc dac biet chii trgng nham tao ra nguon xung luc manh me va dot pha ttong tit ca cac ITnh vyc hgp tac giua bai ben. Nhan thirc nay da cho thay sy thay doi dang ke trong tu duy ddi ngoai ciia Han Quoc theo xu hudng ngay cang linh boat, chii ddng va nhay ben de thich ung vdi xu thi hgp tac song phuong va da phuong dang khong ngimg lan tda d khu vyc Ddng A. Dii mdi ben da va dang theo dudi nhiing muc tieu rieng nhung Han Qudc ludn y thirc dugc tim quan trgng trong viec xay dyng quan he toan dien, lau dai vdi ASEAN, bdi neu tao duge an tugng la ngudi ban tdt nhit cua td chiic nay, Han Qudc cd the dan dat ca qua trinh thdng nhat khu vuc (Rhee Yeong-Seop, 2016: 551). Day la ngudn dgng luc to Idn de ngoai giao Han Qudc tien gan hon tdi myc tieu gia tang vi the va md rgng pham vi anh hudng cua qudc gia tiong ky nguyen toan cau.
Hien nay, Viet Nam dang nam giii vi tii then chdt d Ddng Nam A, lai chiem hem mdt nita ket qua trao ddi trong cac ITnh vuc thuong mai, dau tu, vien trg phat trien va giao luu nhan dan giiia Han Qudc vdi ASEAN nen cd the tid thanh dau mdi ciia cac no lyc hgp tac va lien ket khu vyc Ddng A. Viec tang cudng quan he vdi Viet Nam dong vai tio quan trgng trong "chien luge hudng Nam" cua Tdng thdng Moo Jae-in, giiip Han Qudc giam bdt sy le thudc vao My, ngan chan su banh trudng cua Trung Qudc, han chi siic manh cua Nhat Ban va
tao mdi trudng dn dmh cho sy phat tiien cua ASEAN. Tren co sd nay, \^et Nam can tranh thii hgp tac Han Qudc - ASEAN dk thiic day hda binh, an toan va ty do hang hai, giai quyet hda binh cac tianh chap theo nguyen tac Tuyen bd ve iing xir cac ben d Bien Ddng (DOC), thuc day sdm ky Bd quy tac ling xii d Bien Ddng (COC); tang cudng hgp tac vdi Han Qudc ve an ninh hang hai va tranh thu sy ho tig cua nude nay de cung cd nang lyc cho cac luc lugng chap phap tien bien, trudc het la canh sat bien.
Trong chien luge hgp tac va phat tiien quan he vol ASEAN, Chinh phu Han Qudc coi Viet Nam la "tam diem" cua "chinh sach hudng Nam", do vay, nen tan dung tdt CO hdi nay dl tich eye thiic day quan he ddi tac chien luge giiia hai ben theo chieu sau.
Thdng qua muc tieu dua kim ngach thuang mai giiia Han Qudc vdi ASEAN len 200 ty USD (nam 2020) dl thiic day buon ban hai chieu giiia Han Qudc va Viet Nam dat miic 100 ty USD gin vdi cac bien phap can bang thuang mai. Ben canh dd, Han Quoc cdn sd hiiu nhieu ky thuat va cong nghe tien tien ma Viet Nam co the tiep can de trd thanh dia chi chuyen giao cdng nghe ciia cac nganh cdng nghiep phu tig, d td, co khi va det may. Viet Nam ciing nen tranh thu hgp tac ciia Han Qudc trong cac co che nhu Mekong - Han Qudc, ASEAN - Han Quoc.
v l trung va dai han, vdi tu each la doi tac ttgng dilm, cd vai trd "cau ndi" trong hgp tac khu vyc, Viet Nam ludn phai chu dgng kit ndi va phat huy tdi da uu the cua minh, thdng qua chiln luge hgp tac va phat trien quan he ciia Han Qudc vdi ASEAN de bao ve chu quyen qudc gia, nang cao vi the dat nude va nhit la tao dgng lyc tang trudng trong thi ky XXI vi an ninh va thinh vugng d Ddng A a
(xem tiip trang 12)
12 Thong tin Khoa hoe xa h6i. sd 12.2019 cau, http://research.lienvietpostbank.com.
vn/viet-nam-dat-vi-tri-moi-tren-bang- xep-hang-nang-luc-canh-tianh-toan-cau 7. LPB (2018), Phuong phap tinh mdi
vd thay doi thu hang trong canh tranh todn cdu cua Viet Nam, http://research.
lienvietpostbank.com.vn/phuong-phap- tinh-mo i-va-thay -do i-thu-hang-trong - canh-tianh-toan-cau-cua-viet-nam 8. Phuong Nhung (2019), Ndng luc canh
tranh Viet Nam cai thien manh, https://
nld.com.vn/thoi-su-quoc-te/nang-luc -canh-tranh-viet-nam-cai-thien-manh- 20I91009212600497.htm
9. Nhdm nghien ciiu kinh te (2013), Tfl/ig trudng kinh te vd lam phdt d Viet Nam, http://tapchitaichinh.vn/nghien-cuu-
trao-doi/tang-truong-kinh-te-va-lam- phat-o-viet-nam-30021.htinl, ttuy cap ngay 20/10/2019.
10. Minh Son (2019), Dong luc tdng truong kinh ti kiiu cu da tdi han, https ://vnexpress. net/kinh-doanh/dong- luc-tang-truong-kinh-te-kieu-cu-da-toi- han-3897562.html
11. T i n g cue T h i n g ke (2018), Tdng quan kinh ti - xd hoi Viet Nam ndm 2018, https://www.gso.gov.vn/defauIt.aspx-
?tabid=382&idmid=2&ItemID= 19041 12. VNResource Enterprise Business Partner
(2018), Thuc trgng ngudn nhdn luc cua Viet Nam hien nay, https ://vnresource.
vn/hrmblog/thuc-trang-nguon-nhan-Iuc- cua-viet-nam-hien-nay/
(tiep theo trang 59) Tai lieu tham khao
1. Boniface, Pascal (2014), Hieu the gidi - Cdc mdi quan hi quoc te, Ngd Hiiu Long dich, Nxb. The gidi. Ha Ndi.
2. Nguyen Hoang Gidp (chu bien, 2013), Canh tranh chien luac a khu vuc Ddng Nam A giiia mot so nude Idn hien nay, Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi.
3. Tran Bach Hieu (2017), Cue dien chinh tri Ddng A giai doan 1991-2016, Nxb.
Chinh tri quoc gia - Sir that, Ha Ndi.
4. Hoang Thi Minh Hoa (chu bien, 2010), Nhat Ban vdi su phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi cua Viet Nam, Lao vd Campuchia, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Npi.
5. Kim Dae Jung (1998), Inaugural Address by Kim Dae-jung the 15th-term President of the Republic of Korea:
"Let Us Open a New Era: Overcoming National Crisis and Taking a New Leap Forward", Yonhap News Agency.
6. Kim Se-jeong (2007), "ASEAN, Korea
Need Deeper Collaboration", The Korea Times, http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/
www/news/nation/2007/08/113_9071.
html, accessed on 04-8-2019.
7. Krieger, Joel (chu bien, 2009), Todn cdnh nen chinh tri the gidi, Nxb. Lao dong, Ha Npi.
8. Do Trpng Quang (2012), Chinh sach doi ngoai cua Nhat Ban tai chdu A, Vien Nghien ciiu Ddng Bac A, http://www.
inas. go V. vn/28 2-chinh-sach-doi-ngoai- cua-nhat-ban-tai-chau-a.html, truy cap ngay 02/9/2019.
9. Rhee Yeong-Seop (chu bien, 2016), Khdi lugn ve kinh te - chinh tri Han Quoc, bien dich: Khoa Ddng phuong hpc, Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hpc xa hdi va nhan van, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Nxb. Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Ha Npi.
l O . P h a n T h i A n h Thu (2011), Vai tro ciia cdc tap dodn kinh doanh (Chaebol) trong qud trinh phdt trien kinh ti a Han Qudc vd motsd kinh nghiem doi vdi Viet Nam, Nxb. Chinh tii qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
