CHINH SACH CUA AUSTRALIA DOI v d l ASEAN TQ NAM 1991 DEN NAY
VO XUAN VINH*
Tom, tdt: Ndm 2014, quan he Australia-ASEAN dugc ndng len tdm ddi tdc chi^'n luoc.
Bdy la thdnh qua cda cd qud trinh 50 ndm quan he ddi thoai giaa Australia vd ASEAN (1974). Mac dii Australia Id qudc gia ddu tien dgt quan he ddi tdc dot thoai vdi ASEAN nhang so v&i cdc qudc gia ngodi ASEAN trong Cdp cao Dong A (EAS), quan he doi tdc chien luac Australia - ASEAN dugc hinh thdnh khd muon (sau Trung Qudc, Nhat Bdn, Hdn Quoc vd An Bp). Bieu ndy phdn ndo phdn dnh mde dp vd tdm quan trgng cda ASEAN trong chinh sdch ddi ngogi cua Australia. Bai viet bade ddu nhgn dien chinh sack cua Australia ddi vdi ASEAN ki td khi Chien tranh Lanh ket thuc den nay tren mpt sd linh vUc nhu chinh tri-an ninh, kinh te vd phd bien gid tri.
Tit khoa: Australia, chinh sdch doi ngogi, ASEAN.
1. N h ^ n thiic c u a Australia v^ t a m q u a n t r o n g c u a A S E A N
Viee Australia la quo'c gia dau tien thie't lap quan he dd'i thoai vdi ASEAN vao nam 1974 cho thay trong thdi ky Chien tranh Lanh, ASEAN nhan dUde sU quan tam khdng nhd cua Austraha. Dieu nay dUdc khang dinh them khi Sdch trdng Quoc phong 1987 cua Australia nhan dinh rang sd Mnh t h a n h va cung cd ASEAN khdng chi mang lai ldi ich eho cac quo'c gia nay ma edn CO y nghia chie'n lugc ddi vdi Australia bdi nd hd trd eho trien vpng an ninh lau dai cua Australia'^'. Do v^y, each tiep can cua
ehinh phu Australia ve hd trd an ninh cho Ddng Nam A tap trung vao cac hpp tac thdc c h i t vdi cac hoat ddng vi lpi ich quan sd ehung cua cac nude ASEAN*^'.
Trong bd'i canh ASEAN cd nhiftig bude tie'n khdng ehi trong hpi nhap ndi khd'i vdi sU r a ddi cua khu vUc mau dieh td do ASEAN (AFTA) eung nhd eae ed ehe khac do ASEAN d i n dat (nhd Dien dan khu vUc ASEAN-ARF) hay dai dien cho chau luc trong Hpp tac A-Au (ASEM), du nhilu nudc thanh vien ASEAN phai dd'i mat vdi cudc khung hoang tai ehinh-kinh te chau A 1997-1998, Australia v i n td tin k h i n g
^ TS. Vo Xuan Vinh, Vi§n Nghien cdu Dong Nam A
Vo Xudn Vinh - Chinh sdch cua Australia ddi vdi ASEAN td ndm 1991 den nay 19 dinh r i n g mdi quan he cua nude nay vdi
ASEAN vdi tu caeh la mpt to chUc va vdi eae nddc t h a n h vien la trung tam trong sd can du eua Australia doi vdi khu vuc Ddng A bdi ASEAN da cd nhCfng ddng gdp rat Idn cho su t a n g trudng va tam anh hudng cua Ddng Nam A va. to chdc nay ed the tie'p tuc ddng vai trd ehu chd't trong t r a t td khu vUc dang noi len'^^
Sau cac vu khung bo nham vao My (2001) va t r e n dao Bali (2002), chong khung bd trd t h a n h mdt trong nhdng trgng t a m trong chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua Australia dd'i vdi khu vUe Ddng Nam A.
Australia coi 'moi quan he g i n gui vdi eae nudc t h a n h vien ASEAN, dae biet la Indonesia, la n i n t a n g cho ehinh sach can du tich cUc. Md'i quan hd manh me vdi cac t h a n h vien ASEAN se r i t c i n thiet cho viec giai quyet cac van de an ninh chung nhd khung bd va budn ngUdi'^*'.
Nhin nhan nhCfng ddng gdp cua ASEAN dd'i vdi tien trinh hdi nhap khu vdc, dac biet la sU r a ddi cua nhdng cd che do ASEAN dan dat nhu Hgi nghi cap cao Ddng A (EAS), Hdi nghi Bd trUdng Qud'c phdng ASEAN md rgng (ADMM+), Australia tie'p tuc cdng nhan t i m quan trgng cua ASEAN khi cho rang 'ASEAN da cung cd vai tro cua minh trong ca'u true khu vdc dang dinh hinh. ASEAN tao ra khudn kho Hdi nghi cap cao Dong A, co che dUa cac lanh dao eua ta't ca cac cUdng qudc t h a m gia vao khu vUc vdi chUOng trinh nghi sU bao trum cac v i n d l kinh te, chinh tri, an ninh va moi trUdng''^'- Vai trd eua ASEAN tiep tuc dUPc Australia n h a n m a n h khi Sdch trdng Bdi ngogi 2012 khang dinh: 'xay dUng tren nen tang t h a n h eong eua ASEAN, mdt so cO che da
thUc sU tao ra eae diln dan noi an ninh ben viJng dugc x§y dung, bao gom EAS, ARF va ADMM+ cimg cac eo ehe khae''^'.
Trong bdi canh chien luge An Dp Dudng - Thai Binh Duong r a ddi va cd t i r a quan trpng hang diu dd'i vdi Australia, qud'c gia nay tie'p tuc danh gia cao vai trd cua ASE/W. Sdch trdng Bdi ngogi Australia 2017 nhan manh: 'su t h a n h cdng cua ASEAN da giup hd trg an ninh va thinh vUgng khu vUc trong 50 n a m qua. Nam 2016, thuong mai eua Austraha vdi cac nddc ASEAN da vUpt qua do'i tac thUcfng mai Idn thd hai cua Australia la My. Ddng Nam A n i m & trung tam cua eanh tranh chien Idgc cf An Dp DdOng - Thai Binh Duong. Dieu nay vda k i i m nghiem sU gan ket cua khu vvic vda nha'n manh vai trd trung tam eua ASEAN trong vide to ehdc cac diln dan chien lUpc cua khu vdc nhd EAS'*'''. Do vay, 'Australia dat du tien cao cac md'i quan he song phuong d Ddng Nam A va d sU ung hd eua Australia danh cho ASEAN''8).
Tuy danh gia cao vai trd cua ASEAN nhung trong ehinh sach dd'i ngoai cua Australia dd'i vdi khu vdc, nudc nay chu trpng hon cac md'i quan he song phuong.
Sdch trdng Chinh sdch Ddi ngogi vd Thoang mgi 1997 khang dinh Uu tien cua Austraha la danh eho khu vUc chau A - Thai Binh Ddcfng, dac biet la cac nddc Ddng A, theo duoi quan he g i n gui vdi My, N h a t Ban, Indonesia va Trung Qud'c*^'. Trong bd'i eanh dat Uu tien chinh sach dd'i ngoai hUdng vao the ky chau A, Uu tien eua Australia la quan he lien minh vdi My eung cae md'i quan he ehu cho't vdi Trung Qud'c, An Dp, Indonesia, Nhat Ban va Han Quo'c'^*'*. Khi An Dp Duong - Thai
20 Nghien cau Bong Nam A, sd 1/2020 Binh Dddng trd t h a n h du tien hang dau
trong chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua Australia, nUde nay k h a n g dinh 'My da va dang la cudng qud'e thd'ng tri d khu vdc trong sudt lich sd Australia thdi ky hau chie'n t r a n h the' gidi lan thd hai''^^*. Ben eanh My, Australia coi moi quan he vdi N h a t Ban, Indonesia, An Dp va H a n Quo'c la trung t a m ciia chUdng trinh nghi sU v l mdt An Do DUcfng-Thai Binh Duong md, bao h a m va dda trdn luat phap'^^*.
Mae du ASEAN khdng phai la trung tam, khdng ddng vai tro la dd'i tac chu cho't eua Austraha trong chinh sach chau A Thai Binh Dupng/An Dp Duong - Thai Binh Duong nhUng vdi tU each la to ehUc dan dat nhieu ed che hop tac quan trgng d khu vUe nhu /^RF, EAS ciing nhU la dd'i tae thUdng mai hang diu cua Australia, dat nudc nay v i n coi ASEAN la mdt trong nhung nhan to quan trpng trong ehinh saeh dd'i ngoai cua nude nay dd'i vdi khu vUc.
2. M u c t i § u v a phifoftig tht5fc t r i e n k h a i c h i n h s a c h c u a Australia doi v 6 i A S E A N ta 1991 d e n n a y
2.1. Muc Oeu chinh sdch:
Trong nhiftig n a m qua, eae UU tien trong chinh sach dd'i ngoai ndi chung cua Australia bao g6m duy tri mdi trUdng an ninh va ehien Idgc tich cdc d khu vUc;
ddng gdp tdt nhat cho an ninh toan ciu;
theo dudi hgp tac thuong mai, dau tU va kinh te'; va cd nhdng dong gop cho cae gia tri qud'c te to't dep*^^'. Vdi each tie'p can vda hudng lgi ich td khu vUe, viTa dong gdp cho khu vUc, muc tieu chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua Australia la nude nay ed the ddng gdp, hpc tap td khu vUe va tan dung t a t ea cac lui t h e khu vUc mang lai*^'^*. Dd'i vdi
ASEAN, Australia hddng tdi eae muc tieu an ninh-chinh tri, kinh te va thuc day pho bie'n gia tri.
Ve an ninh-chinh tri, Australia cd lgi ich to Idn (deep stake) v l an ninh 5 Ddng Nam A*^^^'. Do coi Ddng Nam A la t i l n tuyen trong cuge ehien chdng khung bd'^^', ARF la d i l n dan khu vuc chu dao cho hdp tac va dd'i thoai an ninh'^'^', EAS la dien dan chu dao ve chinh tri va an ninh*^^* ndn ASEAN vdi tu each la cp c h l d i n dat cac dien dan d khu vUc trd t h a n h mot trong nhdng n h a n td dupc Australia hddng tdi tang cudng vai trd chien lugc de gay anh hudng tich cue den nguyen tae va ehuan mue khu vuc*^^'. Dong thdi, hpp tac chd'ng khung bd' giUa Australia vdi eae qud'e gia Ddng Nam A giup tang cUdng quan hd song phuong cua nude nay d lihu vue*^*^'.
Hgp tae vdi ASEAN cdn giup Australia giai quye't 'nhdng thach thdc do v i n d l di cU ba't hpp phap tiT bien do n a n budn ngudi gay ra''^^', trong do cd ddng ngUdi di cU td Philippines, Viet Nam, Malaysia hay ngUdi ti nan chu yeu den td Myanmar'^^'.
Ve kinh te, Australia Uu tien cai thien quan he vdi AFTA, gia tang lgi ich cho n i n thdcfng mai Australia thdng qua cac giai phap thuan lgi hoa thuong mai vdi cae nUdc ASEAN*^^*. Ben canh dd, Australia cung mud'n 'duy tri vai tro la dd'i tac kinh te, phat t r i l n va chie'n Idgc hang dau eua ASEAN va cac nddc t h a n h vien' de tham gia vao 'cudc tranh gianh anh hudng dang len d Ddng Nam A'(24)_
TUgoc dp gid tri, Sdch trdng Doi ngogi Australia 2017 chi ro: 'cac gia tri Australia la hop phan quan trpng cua nen tang noi chung tdi xay ddng sd can dU qud'c te cua nunh'<25\ Td quan dilm ve trat td td't (good
Vo Xuan Vinh - Chinh sdch cUa Australia ddi vdi ASEAN ta ndm 1991 den nay 21 order) trong quan he qud'c te ed dupc dua
tren sdc manh va ttr cac gia tri va ban s i c qud'c gia d nhdng nam dau t h i ky XXI'^^', budc sang thap nien t h d hai cua the' ky nay, Austraha hudng tdi mpt n i n ngoai giao dda vao gia tri Austraha, cac the ehe t u do va cac trat tU dUa tren nguyen tac'^'''. Cu the, mdt trong nhOfng lgi ich chien lugc chu chd't cua Austraha dugc Sdch trdng Quoc phong Australia 2013 vach ra la 'mgt trat tU toan cau on dinh, dUa tren nguyen tac''^^'. Quan dilm nay tiep tuc dUpc nhan manh trong Sdch trdng Quoc phong 2016 khi cum td 'trat tu dUa tren nguydn t i c ' dugc nhac tdi 48 lin, the hien dSy la mdt trong nhCfng lgi ich qud'e gia edt loi cua Australia'^^'. Dat du tien eao cac moi quan he song phdong d Ddng Nam A va ung hd ASEAN'^^', truyen ba gia tri la mdt muc tieu quan trpng trong tiep can cua Australia dd'i vdi ASEAN va Ddng Nam A. Cac gia tri Australia (Australian values) dugc chi ro trong Sdch trdng Bdi ngogi Australia ndm 2017 bao gom cac t h i che tU do (tU do chinh tri, kinh te va tdn giao, dan ehii tu do), bao ve trat tu qud'c te (nguyen t i c luat phap, binh dang gidi va tdn trpng l i n nhau), cae gia tri toan cau va nhan quyen'^^'.
2.2. Trien khai chinh sdch:
Trong nhOfng nam qua, ehinh saeh cua Australia dd'i vdi ASEAN dugc t r i l n khai da dang td dd'i tac cung nhU linh vUc. V l dd'i tac, Australia ehu ddng day m a n h quan he song phUdng vdi cac nUdc thanh vien ASEAN, vdi ASEAN vdi tU each la mdt to ehdc, va thdng qua co che da phuong do ASEAN d i n d i t nhU ARF, EAS, ADMM+.
Vl linh vue, Austraha trien khai hgp tac vdi cac nddc Ddng Nam A va ASEAN toan dien tren eae linh vdc'^^' nhd an ninh-
chinh trinh tri, kinh te' va thuc day gia tri.
Tuy nhien trong khudn kho eua bai viet nay, chung tdi chi phan tich vide trien khai chinh sach cua Australia vdi ASEAN vdi tU each la mgt td chUc t r e n mgt so hnh vUc chu yeu.
Ve an ninh-chinh tri, Austraha tdng budc thuc day cac linh vUc hop tac va nang cap quan he vdi ASEAN. NhOftig nam 90 cua the ky XX, Austraha dugc cac nudc nhd Philippines va Singapore ung hd gia nhap ASEAN'23) nhdng sU thay doi chinh phu vao n a m 1996 d Australia va cupc khung hoang tai chinh - kinh te' chau A 1997 1998 Iam eho ca Australia va ASEAN it quan tam hon de'n van de nay. Nam 2008, Australia bo nhiem dai sd tai ASEAN cf Jakarta. Nam 2012, Thu tUdng Austraha Kevin Rudd la Ianh dao diu tien trong so' cac nddc ddi tac dd'i thoai cua ASEAN t h a m Ban Thu ky ASEAN. Nam 2014, quan hd Australia - ASEAN dugc nang len t i m quan hd chie'n luge. Nam 2016, l i n hdi nghi cap eao hai nam mdt lan ASEAN - Australia dugc t l chdc lan dau tien.
Cae vu khung bd 11/9/2001 d My va 2002 d Indonesia Iam cho Australia quan tam hpn den Ddng Nam A noi chung va ASEAN ndi rieng trong cudc chien chd'ng khung bd'. Sau My, Lien minh chau Au (EU) va An Do, Austraha da cung ASEAN ky Tuyen bd chung ASEAN - Australia ui hgp tdc chdng khung bd qudc te (7/2004).
Hgp tac an ninh phi truyen thd'ng cung dugc Australia chu ddng trien khai vdi ASEAN. Cac hdi nghi tham v i n gida cae quan chdc cap cao ASEAN va Australia ve tgi pham xuyen qud'c gia (SOMTC + Australia) thddng xuyen dugc to chdc.
Chuong trinh cdng tae SOMTC + ASEAN
22 Nghien cau Bdng Nam A, sd 1/2020 2015-2017 cung da dugc ban h a n h vao
n a m 2015.
Trong khudn kho ARF, Australia trong giai doan 2015-2016 cung Singapore dong chu tri Cupc hgp lan thdf 10 cac chuyen gia va cac n h a n vat kiet xuat ARF; cung Philippines dong chu tri Hpi nghi ARF v l cac diem lien lac bien qud'c gia; cung Malaysia d l xuat Danh muc ARF ve cac diem lien lae mang. Nam 2016, Australia ddng tai trg Tuyen bd bg trUdng ARF v l tang cUdng hpp tac gida cac co quan thue thi phap luat tren bien. Austraha cung Viet Nam va EU d i n g chu tri Hpi nghi gida cae phien cua ARF v l an ninh bien giai doan 2017-2019.
Du dupc danh gia la eo nhOftig ddng gdp cho an ninh khu vUe, trong do ed chd'ng khung bo'. Tuy nhien, do ARF v i n chua t h a n h cdng trong cac nd lUc xay dUng cac cdng cu ngoai giao phdng ngda va quan tri xung dot nen Austraha v i n de ngd kha nang dua ra cac sang kien mdi'^^' v l ddi thoai an ninh khu viTc. Sau t h a t bai trong viec t h a m gia ASEAN+3'^^', du con nhdng y kien khac nhau trong gidi lanh dao nhung khi My t h i hien mong mud'n Australia eung Nhat Ban va cac lien minh khac cua My tham gia EAS de dd'i phd Trung Qud'c'^^', Australia da chu dgng t h a m gia va trd t h a n h mdt trong nhdng nUdc t h a n h vien dau tien cua EAS. Trong khudn kho cua EAS, Australia cung Philippines d l xuat 'Tuyen bd' EAS ve dng pho nhanh dd'i vdi t h a m hpa' dUpc Hpi nghi EAS l i n t h d 9 (2014) thdng qua'^^'.
Trong khudn kho eua ADMM+, Australia cung Brunei, Singapore va New Zealand k i t hgp to chdc h u i n luyen chd'ng khung bd' va an ninh b i l n ADMM+ l i n dau tien
vao nam 2016. Australia ciing Indonesia ddng chu tri Nhdm cdng tac chuyen gia ADMM+ ve cae hoat dgng gin giU hda binh giai doan 2017-2020.
Mac du vay, cho de'n cudi thap nien thd nhat cua t h i ky XXI, Australia v i n ehua thUc su ghi nhan vai trd quan trgng cua ASEAN. Nam 2008, Thu tUdng Kevin Rudd cho ring, khdng ed co che khu vifc nao dang tdn tai cd kha nang trd t h a n h cac cd c h l dd'i thoai hay hgp tac giai quye't eae van d l an ninh va chinh tri cung nhd nhOfng thach thdc an ninh tdOng lai'^^*. Do vay, Australia da dua r a d l xuat t h a n h lap Cpng dong chdu A-Thdi Binh Duang bao gom Australia, My, Nhat Ban, Trung Qud'c, An Do, Indonesia va cae nUdc trong khu vUe.
Do kd' hoach chi tiet ve thanh lap cdng dong nay khdng dugc xay dUng cu the, dae biet la su phan dd'i cua nhilu nUdc thanh vien ASEAN va My nen mong mud'n cua Australia da khdng trd thanh Men thUc'^^*.
KM y tudng eua minh khdng trd thanh Men thue, Australia quan tam hon de'n vai tro eua ASEAN d khu vdic. Tuy vay, thay vi dU tien tang cUdng quan he song phuong vdi ASEAN nhU mdt sd nUdc da thdc Men (Trung Quoc, Han Qud'c, Nhat Ban va An Dp), Australia lai coi trpng cac cP che hgp tac do ASEAN dan dit. Sach t r i n g Ddi ngoai nam 2017 cM ro, thdng qua EAS va cac didn dan nhU APEC, ADMM+ va ARF, Australia theo dudi chuong trinh nghi sir khu vUc nham thuc day hpp tac ve cac va'n de cMen lUpc, chinh tri va kinh te, bao gom can du md rdng giOfa cac lanh dao; eung ed luat phap qud'c te; khuyen kMch sU can dU tich cue va d i y du cua My vao cac van d l khu vdc; va dam bao rang tat ca cac nudc trong khu vuc, du Idn du nho, deu cd tie'ng
Vo Xudn Vinh - Chinh sdch ciia Australia ddi vdi ASEAN ta ndm 1991 de'n nay 23
ndi trong cac van d l khu vUc'*'^'.
Ve kinh te, Australia vda tieh cUc thuc day quan he, trong dd ed xay dUng FTA gida Australia va ASEAN, vifa xay dung cac FTA vdi mot sd t h a n h vien ASEAN.
Nhd da ndi d tren, td nhOfng nam 90 cua the ky XX, Australia the hien quan tam viec t a n g eddng quan he Khu vdc thUdng mai t u do ASEAN (AFTA)'^", dac biet la md'i quan he gida AFTA va Hiep dinh thUdng mai quan he kinh te g i n gui Australia - New Zealand (CER)'^^) Xrong bd'i canh mong mudn t h a m gia ASEAN+3 khdng t h a n h , dac biet la sU r a ddi cua FTA Trung Quoc - ASEAN td d i u the ky XXI, Australia tieh cdc thuc day cac nUdc ASEAN xay ddng FTA gifla ASEAN vdi Australia va New Zealand, nd lUc ma Australia, New Zealand va ASEAN bat d i u thuc d i y tiT n a m 1999 bang viec quyet dinh t h a n h lap nhom dac nhiem nghien cdu ve FTA ASEAN, Australia va New Zealand*'^^'. Nhd vay, n a m 2004, ASEAN cung Austraha va New Zealand thd'ng n h a t b i t d i u dam phan FTA ASEAN Australia -New Zealand vao n a m 2005**^'.
Mac du muc tieu la ba ben se kd't thue dam phan trong 2 nam nhUng mai tdi n a m 2009, FTA ASEAN - Australia - New Zealand mdi dugc ky ket (FTAAANZ cd hieu life vao n a m 2010). Song song vdi viec xay dUng FTA vdi ASEAN, Australia cung da chu ddng xay dung cac FTA vdi mpt so' t h a n h vien cua to chdc nay. Cho de'n nay, Australia da ky cac FTA vdi mdt so' nudc t h a n h vien ASEAN nhU Singapore (cd hieu lUc n a m 2003), Thai Lan (cd hieu lUc n a m 2005) va Malaysia (cd Meu life n a m 2013)<^5'.
Trong chinh sach kinh te dd'i vdi
ASEAN, su chu dgng hS trg cua Australia dd'i vdi mdt so nddc k h i c phuc hau qua eua eugc khung hoang tai chinh 1997-1998 la mgt d i l m n h a n quan trgng. De'n dau nam 1998, Austraha da ddng gdp hon 4 ti do la Australia cho eae gdi hd trg ma IMF danh cho Indonesia, Thai Lan va Han Qudc.
Australia va N h a t Ban la hai qudc gia duy nha't ddng gdp cho ca ba goi hd trg cho cac nude thiet hai cua cudc khung hoang nay.
Ben canh dd, Australia ciing da len tieng d l nghi cMnh quyen My bdt k b i t khe hPn td cac gdi h i trg cho Indonesia td IMF'*^'.
Ve cdc gid tri, Australia du Ididng tim each ap dat gia tri len cac nddc khac''*''' nhdng Australia da nd Idc truyin ba cac gia tri cua nudc nay ra t h i gidi noi ehung, Ddng Nam A va ASEAN ndi ridng, bao gom viec ung hd cac the ehe td do, bao ve trat tU qud'c te va nhan quyen. Australia da thd'ng n h i t vdi cac nude ASEAN ve cac gia t n ke tren trong Tuyen bd' chung cac nha lanh dao ASEAN-Austraha nhan ky mem 40 nam quan he dd'i thoai gida hai ben. Cu the, ve cac gia tri dan chu va nhan quyin, Austraha va ASEAN thd'ng n h i t tang eUdng nguyen t i c luat phap, d&n ehu, quan tri td't, nhan quyin. Vl trat tU dUa tren nguyen tic, Australia va ASEAN da nhat tri thuc day hpp tac bien, bao gdm an ninh bien va an toan bien, tU do hang hai va hang khdng, thdong mai khdng bi gian doan, khdng sd dung hoac de dpa sir dung vu lUc, giai quyet tranh chip bang bien phap hda binh phu hpp vdi cae nguyen t i c dupc thda nhan rdng rai cua luat phap qud'c t l , trong do cd Cdng Ude Luat bien 1982'*^'.
Cac gia tri ve dan ehu, nhan quyen, quan tri td't t i l p tue dugc hai ben thd'ng nhat trong Tuyen bd ehu tich eupc hgp an sang
24 Nghien cdu Bong Nam A, so' 1/2020 khdng cMnh thdc ASEAN - Austraha nam
2018. Dieu dang chu y la, 'trat tiT dda tren nguyen tac' ma Australia d l ra d i u thap m e n thd hai cua the ky XXI da dugc hai ben thd'ng nhat theo hUdng tuan thu luat phap qud'c te, trong dd cd UNCLOS 1982**^'. Lan dau tien, 'each tiep c^n dda t r e n nguyen t i c ' da dUgc dda vao Tuyen bd' cua Chu tich EAS lan thd 13 (20W^^K
Trude dd, vao thap men 90 eiia the ky XX, va'n d l cai each chinh tri va n h a n quyen d Myanmar'^^' la ye'u td quan trpng trong t i l p can cua Australia ddi vdi ASEAN. P h a n dng trddc cae vu dan ap bieu t i n h cua chinh quyen quan sU Myanmar n a m 2007, Australia da ap dat lenh cam cac t h a n h vien gia dinh quan chdc quSn sd Myanmar hgc tap d eae trddng hgc nddc nay'^^'.
Thuc d i y gia tri cdn dUdc Australia trien khai trong khudn khd' cua Chuang trinh Australia ui nguon niidc Mekong 2014 - 2018, trong dd cd K l hoach dau td nganh 2014 - 2018 cua chUOng trinh nay.
Theo do, Australia hd trp tang cUdng eae khudn kho the che va nang lUc quan ly ngudn nude Meu qua, nang cao nang Idc giai trinh cua chinh phu va td nhan trong cac du an dau tu, minh bach hon trong viec r a quye't dinh, hd trp xa hdi dan sU va dia phUdng nang cao tie'ng ndi trong cac dU an lien quan den dong song nay...'^^' Ngoai ra, gia tri Australia eung dugc phd bie'n qua eae he thd'ng hpe bong va chuong trinh dao tao ma Australia danh eho ASEAN, trong do cd chuong trinh Bdi tdc thanh nien chiin lagc ASEAN-Australia (AASYP).
3. M p t s o nh^in x e t
Du xep sau cac nUdc nhU My, Trung
Qud'c, N h a t Ban, H a n Quo'c, An Dd va Indonesia, nhUng ASEAN vdi eae eo ehe do td chUc nay d i n dat nhu ARF, EAS va ADMM+ v i n co vi the k h a quan trpng trong chinh sach cua Australia doi vdi khu vUc.
Trien khai ehinh sach dd'i vdi ASEAN, Australia hudng tdi eae muc tidu chu yiu nhu cMnh tri - an mnh, kinh te va pho bie'n gia tri. Ve cMnh tri an ninh, Australia tdng bUdc md rpng cac linh vUc hgp tae, khdng cM trong linh vUc an mnh truyen thd'ng ma edn rat ehu trpng cac Iinh vUc an ninh phi truyin thd'ng nhu khung bd, cddp bien, budn ban ngUdi. Dae biet, Australia co nhOfng ddng gdp quan trgng eho sU r a ddi va boat dgng cua AEF. Trong khudn k h i cua EAS va ADMM+, Australia cung da chu ddng eo cae sang k i l n nham nang cao hgp tae an m n h - cMnh tri d khu vUc. Ve kinh te, cung nhu cac nUdc Trung Qud'c, Nhat Ban, Han Qud'c va An Do, Australia cung da kha tieh cdc trong viee xay duhg FTA vdi ASEAN. Ve gia tri, Austraha chu ddng thuc day cac gia tri Australia, bao gom dan chu, nhan quyen, quan tri td't, minh bach, binh dang gidi va dac bidt la thuc day t r a t tU khu vUe dua trdn nguydn t i e . Ne'u nhU eae van de dSn chu, n h a n quyin, quan tri td't, minh bach, binh dang gidi dUpc thuc day qua cac ehuong trinh hpc bong, chuong trinh Australia v l nguon nude Mekong thi trat t u khu vUc dUa tren nguyen t i c dugc nUde nay chu trpng trong thdc day giai phap hda binh, tuan thu luat phap qud'c te, thupng ton phap luat trong giai quye't tranh chap d Bien Ddng.
Mac du vay, do vai trd tUOng ddi ban che' cua ASEAN trong cMnh sach do'i ngoai
Vo Xudn Vinh - Chinh sdch cua Australia ddi vdi ASEAN ta ndm 1991 den nay 25 cua Australia nen quan hd chinh tri
Austraha-ASEAN phat trien mang tinh tinh tie'n, chua ed budc ddt pha. Den n a m 2014, quan hd gida hai ben mdi dugc nang len tam chien luge va hdi nghi cap eao hai n a m mdt lan den n a m 2016 mdi dugc to chdc. Ni khdng danh gia cao vai trd cua ASEAN Cf khu vUc nen vao nam 2008, Australia da d l x u i t Cdng d i n g chau A- Thai Binh DdOng vdi cae nddc chu chot MiU Austraha, My, Trung Qudc, N h a t Ban, An Dp, Han Qud'c va Australia. Chinh sach pho bien gia tri Austraha duge dUa vao trong tuyen bd' cua ca EAS cung nhd tuyen bd' song phuong ASEAN - AustraUa. Tuy vay, do each nhin ve cae van d l dan chu, n h a n quyen, tinh minh bach, giai trinh gida Australia va phan Idn cac nUdc ASEAN con cd nhiing khoang each n h a t dinh nen vide trien khai tren thdc te eon gap khdng it thach thdc./.
CHU TEHCH VA TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Department of Defence, The Defence of
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2. Tai heu da dan, tr.l5.
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24. Australian Government, 2017 Foreign Policy WMte Paper, p.38.
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26 Nghien cau Bdng Nam A, sd 1/2020 26. 'Advancing the National Interest:
Australia's Foreign and Trade Pohcy White Paper 2003", p.iv,
27. Benjamin Reilly, Australian conceptions of Indo-Pacific security: the valued-strategy nexus, Ky yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc quoc te:
Quan he quoc te trong khu vUc An Dp Duong-Thai Binh Duong tU do va rdng md, TrUdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va nhan van, Dai hpc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi, ngay 26/7/2019, tr.lO.
28. Department of Defence (Australian Government), Defence White Paper 2013, Commonwealth of Australia 2013, p.24.
29. Nick Bisley, Australia's Rules-Based Intemational Order, Australian Outlook, 27 Jul 2018, http://www.intemationalaf- fairs.org.au/australianoutlook/australias- rules-based-intemational-order/
3 0. Australian Government, 2017 Foreign Policy White Paper, p.44.
31. Tai Heu da din, t r . l l .
32. Gareth Evans and Bruce Grant, Tai lieu da din, tr.l95.
33. Frank Frost, Engaging the neighbours:
Australia and ASEAN since 1974, Australian National University Press, 2016, pp.104-105.
34. "Advancing the National Interest:
Australia's Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper 2003", 77.
35. Tai heu da din, tr.85.
36. Frank Frost, Tai lidu da din, tr.l36.
37. Overview ASEAN-Austraha Dialogue Relations, ASEAN Secretariat Information Paper, July 2018, https://asean.org/wp-con- tent/uploads/2018/07/Overvie w-of-ASEAN- Australia-DR_as-of-JuIy-2018.pdf 38. Kevin Rudd, It's Time to Build an Asia
Pacific Community, Address to the Asia Society AustralAsia Centre, Sydney, June 4, 2008.
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trade-agreements. aspx
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49. Chairman's Statement of the ASEAN- Australia Informal Breakfast Summit, Singapore, 14 November 2018, https ://asean.org/storage/2018/11/ASEAN- AustraIia_Informal_Breakfast_Summit_Ch airman_s_Statement__FinaI.pdf 50. Chairman's Statement of the 13*^ East Asia
Summit, Smgapore , 15 November 2018, https://asean.org/stor^e/2018/ll/East_A sia_Suminit_Chairman_Statement_Final.pdf 51. "In the National Interest: Australia's
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