• KHOA HOC XA H 6 I •
CHINH SACH AN SINH XA HOI CUA TINH QUANG NAM:
THUC TRANG, THACH THU'C VA GIAI PHAP
HOVIETHANH"
PHAN THI SONG THl/ONG <"'
Tom tat: Tmh Quang Nam dang trong xu hiidng md rong m&c chi tra an sinh xa hoi (ASXH).
Chinh sach ASXH cua tinh mac du da dat diidc nhieu ket qua kha quan nhiing vin dUng tnidc nhilng thach thiic ldn trong thdi gian tdi. Bai viet t^p trung danh gia thiic trang chinh sach ASXH ciia tinh theo 3 nhdm bg phan cd ban cua hS thdng ASXH gom giam nghdo; bao hiem (bao hiem xa hgi, bag hiem y td", bao hiem that nghiep); hitu tri, trd cap va bao trd xa hpi, diia tr^n hai khia canh tai chinh va thu hiidng. Qua dd, bai vi&'t nhan dien nhilng thach thdc chu yeu dat ra va dSxu^'t giai phap hoan thiin chinh sach ASXH ciia tinh Quang Nam giai doan 2021-2030.
Tit khoa: Chinh sach an sinh xa hpi; tai cd cau idnh te) tinh Quang Nam.
Abstract: Quang Nam province is widening the range of social security payment, reflecting achievements in social security policy of the local government over the past years, yet huge challenges remain in development in the upcoming period. Based on finance and beneficiary, social security policy is divided into 3 categories: poverty mitigation, insurance (including social, medical and unemployment insurance), and retirement and social support. Situation of practicing social security pohcies in these 3 categories was analyzed to identify main challenges to Quang Nam province amidst economic reconstruction in the 2021-2030 period.
Keywords: Social security policy; economic reconstruction; Quang Nam province.
Ngay nhlm bai: 11/11/2019; Ngay stia bai: 12/12/2019; Ngay duypt dang bai: 27/12/2019.
1. D a t v a n d e tJo tuoi t h a m gia vao BHXH. Chinh sach H o a n t h i g n h e t h o n g a n s i n h xa hoi hilu tri, trO c&'p va Uu dai xa h6i da thilc (ASXH) la m o t t r u cot c h i n h t r o n g p h a t hien co hieu qua, dac biet la chinh sach t r i e n n e n k i n h t e t h i trUOng d i n h h u d n g xa ngudi co cong vffi each mang, ba me Viet hoi c h u n g h i a . C h i n h s a c h A S X H ciia t i n h N a m a n h hiing, chinh sach h6 t r o xay dilng Q u a n g N a m t r o n g t h o i g i a n q u a da d a t n h a (J cho cac ho ngheo, hp d a n tgc thieu dUdc n h i e u k e t q u a k h a q u a n . Ty le ho so... Tuy nhign, chinh sach ASXH t r e n dia n g h e o t h e o c h u f o da chieu da g i a m xuo'ng b a n t i n h da va dang dat r a n h i i u t h a c h con 10,3% n a m 2018, t u a n g flng g i a m 3,4 thtlc nhfl; Ty le hp ngheo v l n con k h a cao so d i e m p h i n t r a m so v6i n a m 2016. Ty le vdi cac t i n h vung N a m Trung Bp (6,4%) va bao p h u b a o h i e m xa hpi (BHXH), bao so vdi mflc t r u n g b i n h chung cua ca nudc h i e m y t e (BHYT) v a bao h i e m t h a t n g h i e p
(BHTN) Cling t a n g l e n q u a cac n a m . N a m " PGS.TS., Vien Khoa hoc xa hoi viing Tnmg Bo;
Email, [email protected]
TS., Vien Khoa hoc xa h8i vung Trung Bp;
2 0 1 8 t o a n t i n h co 92,8% d a n so t h a m gia
B H Y T v a 19,43% lflc Iflpng lao dpng t r o n g p]iansoongthuong.vassegmail.com , ^ ' , . ^ 2 0 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI
CHINH SACH AN SINH XA HOI CUA TINH QUANG NAM...
(6,8%); SQ'ngUdi tham gia BHXH tU nguyen CO xu hii6ng giam d^n (nam 2018 chi chiem khoang 0,23% tong so do'i tUdng thuoc dien tham gia); Ty le ngitdi tham gia BHTN vln con chiem ty le thap, khoang 17,57% tdng lUc liidng lao dong dang lam viec; Tinh trang nd dpng bao hiem vln con ton tai; Dac biet, tinh trang boi chi quy bao hiem cua tinh trong hai nam gan day.
Theo Gilbert & Terrel (2002), he thong ASXH gom 4 tru cot: phan bd, thu hiiSng, cung cg^p, va tai chinh. Phan bo la xac dinh ai se diidc hiicing ldi ASXH, bao gom ca cac dieu kien tai chinh de nhlin hd trd, trang thai ca nhan nhii co tan tS^t hay khong, cac dieu kien hanh vi nhuf c6 dang tich CUc tim viec trong khi nhan trd cS^p BHXH. Thu hiiSng de cap den loai va miic do ma ngiidi thu hiicing diidc hUcfng. Ai se cung cap dich vu cho ngiidi hiicing? Ai tai trd cho he thong ASXH? (Park va cong sii, 2018). Td ket qua phan tich hien trang va dinh hiidng phat trien cua tinh Quang
Nam, bai viet nhan dien nhiJng thach thiic chu yeu dat ra trong qua trinh tai cd c^'u kinh te giai doan 2021 - 2030 nham xac dinh dau la giai phap hoan thien chinh sach ASXH b tinh trong thdi gian t6i.
2. Thi^c trang chinh sach an sinh xa hoi cua tinh Quang Nam giai doan 2015 - 2018
2.1. Giam ngheo
Tdng chi ngan sach nha niidc cho sU nghi$p ASXH chiem ty trong ngay cang tang trong cd cau chi ngan sach nha niidc cua tinh (tang td 4,88% nam 2016 len 6,28%
nam 2018). TCf nam 2016-2019, Chiidng trinh MTQG Giam ngheo ben vQng diidc ngan sach Trung lidng va ngan sach tinh phan bd 1.285,168 ty dong*^' cho cac Sd, nganh va dia phiidng d§ td chiic thiic hien 05 du an thanh phan thuoc ChUdng trinh.
Bang 1 cho thA'y chi ng§n sach cho chinh sach giam nghdo chi§'m ty trgng chii ye'u (92,88%) trong thUc hien chUdng trinh MTQG giam ngheo ben vi2ng.
Bang 1: Tinh hinh chi ngan sach trien khai cae chinh sach giam ngheo nam 2018 (Nguon: Tong hgp tdBao cao cua Sd LDTB-XH tinh (2019)
Chinh sach
Chinh sach giam ngheo Chinh sach giam ngheo
Chinh sach khuyen khich thoat ngheo ben viing
Chinh sach chi ho trd hang thang Chinh sach h6 tro cai thien mifc song Tong
Van ban
Nghi quye't 80/NQ-CP ngay 19/6/2011 cia Chinh phii Cac Nghi quyet ciia HDND tinh Quang Nam da ban hanh Nghi quyet so 13/2017/NQ-HDND Nghi quyet so 18/2018/NQ-HDND Nghi quye't so 49/2018/NQ-HDND
Tong kinh phi (ty dong)
3.325,684 22,651 206,372 2.422 23.277 3.580,406 Do'i vdi cac chinh sach, dU an v^ giam
ngheo, tinh Quang Nam da trien khai hieu qua, dac biet do'i vdi cac xa ngheo, xa
dac biet khd khan mien nui va vung bai
' " Trong do: Von dau tu p h ^ trien: 966,259 ty d6ng; von s nghiep: 318,909 tyd6ng.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI SO 1-2020
HO VIET HANH, PHAN THI SONG THlTONG ngang ven bien. Nam 2017, toan tinh da
cd 6.260 lUdt hg ngheo dUdc vay von vdi doanh so' 186,657 ty dong (chiem 17,4%
tdng so' lUdt dd'i tUdng dUdc vay va dat 17,8% tdng so' tien vay) va 4.738 lUdt hp ckn ngheo, doanh so' 175,012 ty ddng. Ben canh do, tinh da ho trd cho 809 ho ngheo vay vo'n xay diing nha d vdi kinh phi hdn 20 ty dong trong nam 2017. Tinh cung da trien khai cac chfnh sach day nghe, tao
viec lam de tang thu nhap cho ngUdi ngheo. Ket qua, ty 1§ hg ngheo theo chuan da chieu da giam xuo'ng cdn 10,3%
nam 2018, tUdng Ung giam 3,4 diem phan tram so vdi nam 2016. Tuy nhien, ty le nay vln cdn kha cao so vdi cac tinh vung Nam Trung Bo (la 6,4% va chi tha'p hdn tinh Ninh Thulin la 11%) va so vdi mUc trung binh chung ciia ca nUdc (6,8%) (xem Hinh 1).
• 2017 BIOIS
Hinh 1: Ty li hd nghio cac tinh Nam Trung Bp giai doan 2016-2018 (Nguon: Niin giam thd'ng ki cSfp tinh nam 2018).
Dd'i vdi chinh sach khuye'n khich thoat ngheo, tinh Quang Nam da bo' tri can bp thiic hi§n cong tac giam ngheo tU cap tinh de'n xa. Ket qua nam 2017, tinh cd 3.989 hp ngheo va 5.980 hp c^n ngheo da dang ky thoat ngheo ben viing. Tinh cung da bd' tri 85,495 ty dong cho cac dia phUdng d^ giai quyet cac che do, chinh sach theo quy dinh tai Nghi quyet so' 13, trong d6 ngan sach tinh bd' tri 83,464 ty ddng, ngan sach cap huyen bo'tri 2,031 ty dong (Hiiu Diep, 2018). Tinh den thdi diem hien nay toan tinh da xda dUdc 30 xa ngheo'^'. Tuy nhien, miic giam ty le hg ngheo chUa dat so vdi chi tieu de ra va cdn cao hdn so vdi mUc binh quan chung cua ca nudc va cac tinh Nam Trung Bp.
2.2. Bao hiem xa hgi, Bao hiem y te, Bao hiem that nghidp
stf 1-2020
2.2.1. Sd'ngddi tham gia bio hiim So ngudi tham gia BHXH, BHYT tang dan qua cac nam. Nam 2018, toan tinh cd 1.393 nghin ngiidi tham gia BHYT, chig'm 92,8% tdng dan sd'va hdn 180 nghin ngUdi tham gia BHXH, chiem khoang 19,43%
lUc lUdng lao ddng trong dp tudi. So' ngUdi tham gia BHXH tU nguygn hien chig'm ty- le cdn tha'p (chie'm khoang 0,23% tdng so' dd'i tUdng thugc dien tham gia, tUdng duong 2.137 ngUdi) va giam din (xem Bang 2). So' ngUdi tham gia BHTN tang 1,3 lan trong vdng 4 nam. Tuy nhien, ty le ngUdi tham gia BHTN v^n cdn thap, khoang 17,57% tdng lUc lUdng lao dpng dang lam vide.
<^' Trong d6 11 xa thuoc Chifdng trinh 257 va 19 xa thuoc Chiidng tnnh 135.
N H A N LUC KHOA HOC X A H O I Q
CHINH SACH AN SINH XA H Q I CUA TINH QUANG NAM...
Bang 2; So ngiicrt tham gia BHXH, BHYT, BHTN d tinh Quang Nam (Nguon: Nien giam thong ke tinh Quing Nam 2018 & BHXH tmh Quang Nam)
DVT: Nghin ngiiai Chi tieu
1. So ngifcii t h a m gia bao h i e m Bao hiem xa hoi
Bao hiem y te Bao hiem that nghiep
2010 915 103 915 80
2015 1.282
143 1.282 125
2016 1.383
157 1.383 139
2017 1.392
165 1.392 147
Scrbo 2018 1.393
180 1.393 158 2. So ngiidi/li^tit ngifc^i dittfc hUdng bao hiem
Bao hiem xa hoi So' ngitdi hiif^ng hang thang So lilot ngudi hucing 1 lin (nghin litdt) Bao hiem y te
So lUdt ngUdi hucing BHYT (nghm liidt) Bao hiem that nghiep
So ngUcIi hit5ng hang thang
So lifdt ngLttii hiicing trd cap 1 lan, hoc nghe, tim viec lam (liidt ngiidi)
3. So ngufli t h a m gia BHXHTN So'ngadi tham gia
Ty 16 so vdi do'i titdng thuoc dien tham gia (%)
3 7 2.269 1,790 125 3,308 0,37
2 11 3.316 7,144 175 5,916 0,88
2 10 3.650 8,076 152 2,287 0,34
2 12 3.905 8,777 215 2,392 0,36
2 12 4.192 11,245 182 2,138 0,24 2.2.2. Cong tac can doi thu chi hao hiem
Thu bio hie'm: Ve so thu BHXH, BHYT CO xu hiidng tang qua cac nam, trung binh tang idioang 12,4%/nam trong giai doan 2015 - 2018. Tong thu toan tinh dat 3.935 ty dong nam 2018, dat 100,18% ke hoach duoc giao, tang 20,1% so v8i nam 2017.
Trong 6 thang dau nam 2019, con so nay
la hon 1.911 ty dong, dat 46,61% k^ hoach va tang 15% so v6i ciing ky nam 2018.
Nguon thu tii BHXH cbi^m ty trong 16n nha't, khoang 60% tong thu ttf bao hi^m.
Thu tii BHTN co xu hudng tang til 94 ty dong nam 2015 len 137 ty dong nam 2017, nhung chi chi§'m 0,42% tong thu bao hiem tren dia ban tinh.
Bang 3: Can doi thu chi BHYT, BHXH, BHTN giai doan 2010-2018 (Nguon: Nien giam Thd'ng ke tinh Quing Nam nim 2018)
DVT: Ty dong Chi tieu
1. Tong so thu Bao hiem xa hoi Bao hiem y te Bao hiem that nghiep
2010 8 7 1 450 378 43
2015 2.468
1.428 924 94
2016 2.897
1.675 1.099 116
2017 3.279 1.967 1.168 137
So bo 2018 3.935 2.231 1.418
-
NHAN LUG KHOA HOC XAHOI SO 1-202G
HO VIET HANH, PHAN THJ SONG THUONG
C h i t i e u 2. T o n g s o c h i Bao h i e m x a hoi B a o h i e m y t e Bao h i e m t h a t n g h i e p 3 . S o dvC c u o i n a m Bao h i e m x a hoi Bao h i e m y t e Bao h i e m t h a t nghi§p
2 0 1 0 8 1 4 488 322 4 5 7 -37 56 38
2 0 1 5 2 . 3 8 4
1.273 1.060 51 8 5 155 - 1 3 6 43
2 0 1 6 2.849
1.405 1.383 61 4 8 270 -284 55
2 0 1 7 3.836 1.849 1.910 76 -557 118 -742 60
Sa bo 2018 3.774 2.137 1.637
_
-124 94 -219
-
Chi bao hiem: Nam 2018, tong so'tien chi tra cac che dp BHXH la 2.137 ty dong vdi khoang 12.000 lUdt ngifdi dUdc hudng mot lan va hdn 2.000 ngUdi dUdc hiJcfng hang thang. Tong chi phi kham chiia benh BHYT la 1.637 ty dong vdi hdn 4,1 tridu lUdt kham chiia benh.
Mdc dp ben vdng ve tai chinh: Hnh trang boi chi quy bao hiem dang dien ra troi^ hai
nam trd lai day. Tong boi chi luy k§' giai doan 2015-2018 la khoang 500 ty d6ng. Nam 2017, toan tinh cd 1.832 ddn vi chUa tham gia ddng BHXH vdi hdn 64 nghin lao ddng chUa tham gia ddng BHXH, trong dd chu ySii la cac doanh r^hiep ngoai quoc doanh va cac ho kinh doanh ca the. Tong sd'nd BHXH, BHYT, BHTN gan 97 nghin ty dong vdi ty le nd la 6,42% nam 2017 (xem Bang 4 va 5).
Bang 4: Tinh hinh so lao dong va dofn vi chifa tham gia BHXH nam 2017 (Nguon: Bio hiem xa hpi Quing Nam va Cue Thui'Quang Nam)
Noi dung
a. So dtfn vi chtfa t h a m gia (1-2) So ddn vi dang nop thue (1) So don vi dang dong BHXH (2) b. So LD c h i t a t h a m gia (3-4) Se'lao dong nop thuS'TNCN (3) So lao dong dang dong BHXH (4)
Cac loai hinh ddn vi DN
NN 0 6 6 10 390 380
DN ngoai quoc doanh 1.496 3.500 2.004 62.040 130.000 67.960
DN FDI 3 136 133 259 38.800 38.641
HTX 43 121 78 189 810 621
H6KD ca thS 290 370 80 1.792 2.550 768
Tdng
1.832 4.133 2.301 64.290 172.650 108.260 Bang 5: Tinh hinh nd BHXH, BHYT, BHTN giai doan 2013-2017
ciia cac doanh nghiep, hgip tac xa (Nguon: BHXH Quang Nam vi Cue Thue Quang Nam)
DVT: Ty dong STT
1 2 3
N a m Tdng sd phat sinh phai thu Tdng send BHXH, BHYT, BHTN Ty le nd (Tong sdnd/tdng sd phat sinh)
2013 684,327
64,136 10,97 %
2014 772,379
76,149 9,86%
2015 944,836
67,347 7,13%
2016 1.248,614
86,227 6,9%
2017 1.609,785
96,976 6,42%
SD1-2020 N H A N LUC KHOA HOC X A H O I
CHINH SACH AN SINH XA HOI CUA TINH QUANG NAM...
Nhin chung, ben canh ket qua dat difdc, viec thiic hien chinh sach bao hiem tren dia ban tinh Quang Nam ciing cdn mot so' ton tai kho khan nhit so' ngitdi tham gia bao hiem cdn thap; tinh trang nd dong bao hiem; tinh trang bgi chi quy kham chiia benh BHYT ciing nhd tinh trang bdi chi quy bao hiem trong hai nam gan day.
2.3. Hitu tri, trg cap va bao trdxa hgi Cong tac chi tra litdng hitu va trd cap
Bang 6: So tien chi t r a lUofng htfu va trtf cap BHXH tai thdri diem t h a n g 12/2017 of tinh Quang Nam
(Nguon: Bio hiem xa hpi tinh Quang Nam)
BHXH tren dia ban tinh thdi gian qua v§' cd ban ditdc dam bao. Bang 6 cho tha'y sd' ngitdi ditdc hifdng lifdng hifu va trd cap BHXH tif ngan sach nha nifdc van cdn chie'm ty trong ldn, hdn 44,1% tong so' ngifdi ditdc hifdng nam 2017. Hinh thiic triic ti^p van chiem ty le chu ye'u, trong khi hinh thiic chi tra qua chuyen khoan chi chi§'m 14,9% tdng so'ngifdi difdc chi tra lifdng hUu va trd ca'p BHXH.
Tieu chi/Nguon
NSNN dam bao Quy BHXH Cong
Sd ngUcii hucing lUdng hiiu, tro c&'p BHXH Tdng sd
(nguoi) 12.791 16.159 28.950
Trong do:
Hiiu 10.872 15.028 25.90
Trd cap 1.919 1.131 3.050
SdlUdng chi tra qua ATM Tdng sd
(nguoi) 520 3.793 4.313
Trong do:
Huu 484 3.745 4.229
Trd cap 36 48 84
Ghi chu
>1995
<1995
Tinh da thiic hien day du cac chinh sach, che do Uu dai ngitdi cd cdng. Trong 3 nam gan day, tinh da xac lap thu tuc cdng nhan 4.287 trifdng hdp difdc hitdng chinh sach, che do ifu dai dd'i vdi ngUdi co cdng. Van ddng Quy "Din dn dap nghia"
diidc tren 12 ty dong; van dpng cac cd quan, ddn vi trong va ngoai tinh tang 1.314 so' tiet kidm tinh nghia cho cac gia dinh chinh sach, ngifdi c6 cdng cd hoan canh khd khan vdi tong kinh phi tren 4 ty dong. Hang nam, td chiic dieu difdng cho tren 20.000 lifdt ngifdi cd cdng. Ddi song vat cha't, tinh than ciia ngifdi cd cdng ngay cang difdc cai thien, gan 97,3% hp chinh sach, ngifdi cd cong trong tinh cd miic sd'ng b&ng hoac cao hdn miic sd'ng trung binh d khu dan cii*^'.
Yi bao trd xa hdi thitdng xuyen difdc
thiic hien d^y du, kip thdi cac che' dp, chinh sach khac cho dd'i tifdng bao trd xa hdi theo quy dinh. Trong giai doan 2015- 2019, toan tinh da thiic hi§n trd ca'p cho 495.262 lifdt dd'i tifdng bao trd xa hoi tai cpng ddng vdi tong kinh phi thiic hi$n hdn 2.282 ty dong. Ben canh che dp trd ca'p hang thang theo quy dinh, cac dd'i tifdng BTXH cdn dUdc ca'p midn phi the BHYT va khi qua ddi difdc hd trd tien mai tang phi vdi miic 5,4 tridu d6ng/ngifdi*^\
'^' Bao cao kg't qua thilc hign p h a t trien kinh tg' xa hoi gixta nhiem kf (03 n a m 2016-2018) theo Nghi quyg't 177/2015/NQ-HBND ngky 11/12/2015.
'" Binh q u a n hiing nam, co khoang 70.000 t h e BHYT difcic cap cho cac do'i tUOng, vi3i tdng k i n h p h i k h o a n g 50 ty ddng; h6 trO t i e n m a i t a n g p h i k h o a n g 27 t y dong.
g NHAN LUG KHOA HOC XA Hdi ihi
HO VIET HANH, PHAN THI S 6 N G THU'ONG 3. Thach thiJfc ve chinh sach an sinh
xa hoi cua tinh Quang Nam giai doan 2021 - 2030
Quan diem chii dao ve chuyen dich cd cau kinh te cua tinh Quang Nam giai doan 2021 - 2030 la theo hifdng tang ty trpng khu viic cdng nghidp (ehid'm khoang 40% trong cd cau GRDP dd'n nam 2025), dich vu va doi mdi md hinh tang tnfdng sang chieu sau, lay chat lifdng tang tnfdng lam tieu chi phat trien, tang ty le lao dpng lam viec trong cac nganh va linh viic dich vu-thitdng mai, cdng nghiep. Qua ke't qua phan tich thiic trang de cap d tren va dinh hifdng chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te giai doan 2021-2030, tinh Quang Nam hien dang difng tnidc hai nhdm thach thi3c chu ye'u sau.
3.1. Thach thvtc diidi goc do tai chinh Theo dii bao cua Sd Tai chinh (2019), ngudn thu ngan sach cua tinh giai doan 2021-2025 khd cd kha nang tang trUdng bang giai doan trifdc do nguon thu hien da d miic cao. Trong qua trinh tai cd ca'u nen kinh te', neu tap trung phat trien cac nganh cong nghidp va dich vu cd siic canh tranh, thu NSNN co the se xua't hien nhiing nguon thu mdi tii cac dii an dau tit tif ngudn vd'n FDI nhif cac dii an cdng nghe cao, cac dii an phat trien Khu dd thi, khu du lich Nam Hdi An... Bang 7 cho tha'y khu viic ngoai nha nifdc cd ty trpng ddng gop ldn cho ngan sach nha mfdc dia phifdng, chie'm khoang 68% giai doan 2016-2020. Tuy nhien, cd ca'u nguon thu hien thie'u bd^n viing, dan de'n ban che' ngudn tai trd cho thiic hien hieu qua cac chinh sach ASXH. Nguyen nhan la ngudn thu nay phu thudc chu ye'u tii hoat ddng san xua't va lap rap d td cua Tap doan d td Tnfdng Hai'^'. Hdn niia, cac doanh nghiep boat dpng tren dia ban tinh chu ye'u la cac
S01-2020
doanh nghiep nhd va viia (chiem hdn 90%), nen khd khan trong nguon thu thue'.
Tinh trang trd'n thue', nd thue lam that thu ngan sach van cdn ton tai va chifa khac phuc triet de. Trong khi dd, kha nang thu hiit dau tif san xua't kinh doanh d tinh chiu site ep canh tranh tii cac dia phifdng trong vung va ca nifdc. Do vay, tinh trang bdi chi quy bao hiem nhif hien nay neu keo dai se dat ra thach thiic ldn ve dam bao nguon tai chinh cho tinh Quang Nam nham trien khai hieu qua cac chinh sach ASXH. (Bang 7)
Mot la, nguon tai trg td ngan sach nha nadc cho thac hiin chinh sach ASXH cd nguy cd han hep. Thiic te chi cho sii nghiep bao dam ASXH chie'm ty trpng nhd trong tong sd' chi ngan sach nha nifdc tren dia ban (khoang 6,28% nam 2018). Nhifng thiic hien td't chinh sach ASXH la mdt trong nhiing chi tieu quan trpng, thd hien hieu qua trien khai thanh cdng qua trinh chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te' ciia tinh. Dii bao khoan chi nay se cd xu hitdng tang len trong khi thu ngan sach giai doan 2020- 2025 ditdc dii bao khd co kha nang tang tritdng bang giai doan tnfdc. Trong tritdng hdp tinh khdng thu but difdc cac dii an dau tu, cac doanh nghiep ldn thi day se la mpt thach thiic khdng nhd dd'i vdi tinh trong giai doan tdi.
Hai la, nguon thu td hoat ddng bio hiem dang trong xu hddng giim dan khi ty le ngitdi tham gia bao hiem tren dia ban tinh van cdn ra't tha'p. Muc tieu de'n nam 2025, tinh dat 45% liic litdng lao ddng trong dp tuoi tham gia BHXH; khoang 2,5% lao dpng khu viic phi chinh thiic
'"' Chie'm ty trong 61% cac khoan thu doanh nghiep nop ngan sach, chie'm 48% thu npi dia giai doan 2016-2020.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi Q
CHINH SACH AN SINH XA HOI CUA TINH QUANG NAM...
tham gia BHXH tii nguyen; khoang 35%
liic lifdng lao ddng trong dp tuoi tham gia BHTN. Day se la thach thiic ldn ddi hdi phai cd nhiing giai phap mang tinh dot pha trong thiic day chuyen dich cd ca'u lao dpng phii hdp va song hanh vdi qua trinh chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te.
Ba la, tinh trang ng BHXH, BHYT, BHTN cdn chii'm ty li cao. Thiic trang nay do nhieu doanh nghidp tim each trd'n ddng eho ngifdi lao ddng hay tinh chi phi ddng BHXH bat budc khdng diing thiic te cd the
ca'p cac hdp ddng lao ddng va cac bang thanh toan tien lUdng, tien cdng khdng diing nhu da bao cao thue' thu nhap ca nhan; Xif ly chiing tii, hd sd de tang chi phi, giam doanh thu, giam thud' doanh nghidp.
Bd'n la, sd' tien chi tri cho trien khai chinh sach giim ngheo, chinh sach trd cd'p, du dai xa hdi tuang doi ldn va ngay cang tang. Quang Nam la tinh cd ty le hd ngheo cao va dd'i tUdng bao trd xa hdi kha nhieu so vdi cac tinh trong viing Nam Trung Bd. Hang nam so' tien chi tra cho cac ddi tifdng difdc hifdng la tiidng dd'i ldn.
thdng qua hai hinh thiic chinh: Tranh cung
Bang 7: Ty trong dong gop vao ngan sach nha niidc tren dia ban tinh giai doan 2016 - 2020 va dii bao giai doan 2021
(Nguon: TSnghdp tdBao cao Sd Tai chinh nam 2019)
T h a n h p h a n Icinh t6 1. N h a nu'dc - D N N N Trung UOng - D N N N dia phUdng 2. N g o a i n h a nvfdc - DN ngoai quoc doanh - DN FDI
3. T h u xua^ n h a p l^hau Tdng t h u
Giai doan 2016-2020 Gia tri
(Ty ddng) 4.393 3.673 720 64.630 56.364 8.266 25.928 94.951
Ty trpng
(%)
4,63 3,87 0,76 68,07 59,36 8,71 27,31 100,00
Giai doan 2021-2025 Gia t r i
(Ty dang) 5.245 4.499 746 101.769 84.619 17.150 29.600 136.614
Ty trong (%) 3,84 3,29 0,55 74,49 61,94 12,55 21,67 100,00 3.2. Thach thvtc dvtcS goc do thu hwdfng
Ve dd'i tddng thu hudng, qua trinh tai CO ca'u kinh te d tinh se keo theo sii dich chuyen ve dan sd', lao ddng va sii thay doi ve dieu kien, mitc sd'ng cua ngifdi dan.
Thach thiic dat ra trong viec xac dinh dd'i tifdng thu hifdng va quan ly ngiidi thu hifdng tifdng dd'i phiic tap, dac biet viec quan ly ngifdi hifdng lUdng hifu va trd ca'p BHXH. Quy trinh dieu tra, khao sat, xac dinh hp ngheo nhiiu ndi hien lam chifa diing theo quy dinh. Tinh trang y lai chinh
sach hd trd cua nha mfdc vln cdn nhieu.
Dpi ngii can bp lam cdng tac ehinh sach xa hpi, nha't la d cd sd cdn thie'u va trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vu chifa dap iing difdc yeu cau. Viec quan ly ngifdi hifdng litdng hifu va trd ea'p BHXH van cdn nhieu han che' nhit tinh trang linh thay khdng cd gia'y uy quyen edn kha pho bid'n, thid'u cap nhat thdng tin ve ngifdi dUdc hifdng eac che dp BHXH hang thang mdt phan do cdng dan tii do ve ndi eif trii, mdt phan do vide ehi tra thdng qua chuyen khoan.
m NHAN Lim KHOA HOC XA HOI S01-2020
HO VIET HANH, PHAN THI SONG THRONG Miic do thu hadng gom so'tien va chat
Iddng dich vu ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec khuyen khieh ngifdi dan tham gia bao hiem, gdp phan md rdng dp bao phil cua cae loai hinh bao hiem. Trong thdi ky tdi, khi miie sd'ng cua ngifdi dan ngay cang difdc nang cao (muc tieu GRDP/ngudi dat khoang 5.000 USD dd'n nam 2025) ddi hdi miic chi tra ciing nhif eha't lifdng dieh vu ASXH can phai dUde tang len tifdng iing. Thach thiic nay cang trd nen kho khan hdn vi hien nay miic trd ca'p, trd giup va bao trd xa hpi tren dia ban tinh edn tha'p. Viec md rdng dd'i tifdng tham gia BHXH tii nguyen dang gap nhieu thach thifc nhU: Quy dinh ngifdi tham gia ddng BHXH tii nguydn phai ddng BHXH td'i thieu la 20 nam de dUde hifdng che dd hifu tri; Ngitdi tham gia BHXH tli nguyen dUde Nha nifdc hd trd mdt phan miic ddng tif ngay 01/01/2018*^>
nhifng miic hd trd nay cdn tha'p va chita khuye'n khich cac dd'i tKdng tham gia;
Cdng tac thdng tin tuydn truyen van cdn han ehe' d i n de'n nhid'u ngifdi dan chifa thiic sii hi^u d$.y du v l chinh saeh BHXH tli nguyen; Mang lifdi cung iing dich vu BHXH tli nguyen chiia day du. Ngoai ra, he thd'ng y te' tren dia ban tinh da difdc cung cd va nang ea'p ve lifdng'''' nhifng cha't lifdng dich vu vln chiia dap ifng difdc nhu elu ciia ngiidi dan.
4. Giai phap hoan thien chinh sach an sinh xa hoi cua tinh Quang Nam giai doan 2021 - 2030
4.1. Giai phap diidi goc do tai chinh Gae chinh sach ASXH ein dUde md rong nhitng vdi td'c dp ma nguon tai chinh cdng cd the dam difdng, tranh tinh trang ma't can dd'i tai khda. Trong qua trinh tai cd ca'u kinh te giai doan 2021-
501-2020
2030, tinh Quang Nam ciing can tinh de'n cac giai phap dam bao tii can bang tai ehinh cua he thd'ng bao hiem, han ehe' diia vao ngan sach cua dia phifdng va sii hd trd cua Chinh phii. Tren cd sd nhiing thach thiie d tren, tinh can trien khai thiic hien mpt so' giai phap sau de dam bao can bang ngudn tai ehinh ve trung va dai ban.
Mot la, tang dp bao phu BHXH bat budc diia tren ddng gdp eua ngudi lao ddng va ngUdi sif dung lao dpng va BHXH tli nguyen eiia nhiing ngifdi khdng ed hdp ddng lao ddng. Mpt sd' bien phap cd the trien khai nhit: Tang cifdng cdc bien phap va hinh thifc xif phat dd'i vdi nhiing doanh nghiep khdng tuan thii nghia vu ddng BHXH; Tang cudng cdng tac tuyen truyen nham nang cao nhan thiic ciia ngifdi dan dd'i vdi cac ldi ieh khi tham gia cac loai hinh bao hiem v.v...
Hai la, dieu chinh cac khoan chi cho chinh sach ASXH theo hifdng hai hda giiia ldi ich ciia ngifdi sit dung lao ddng, ngitdi lao ddng va cac t^ng Idp xa hpi.
Qua do dam bao tinh cdng bang, tao niem tin cho ngifdi ddn khi tham gia vao he thd'ng BHXH.
Ba la, da dang hoa ngudn quy bao hiem tii cac ngudn liic xa hdi nhif keu gpi ddng gdp t^ cac doanh nghiep, to chiic, ngifdi dan, va nguon ben ngoai nhif ODA, vien trd khdng hodn lai tii nifdc ngoai.
<^' Miic h6 trd b l n g 30% doi v6i ngifdi tham gia BHXH til nguyen thuoc ho ngheo; bSng 25% doi v6i ngUdi t h a m gia BHXH tU nguyen thuoc ho can ngheo; b l n g 10% doi v6i cac doi tUdng khac.
' " S6'bac sy/van dan t a n g til 7,9 bac sy/van nam 2016 len hdn 8 bac sy/van dan nam 2018; so' giildng benh van dan nam 2018 la 36,2 giij6ng benh/van dan, vUdt so v6i chi tieu Nghi quyet dat r a cho giai doan 2016- 2020 la 31,5 giUtJng benh/van dan den nam 2020.
NHAN LUIC KHOA HOC XA HOI | Q
CHINH SACH AN SINH XA H Q I CtJA TINH QUANG NAM...
Bd'n la, khi tha't nghiep trd thanh va'n de nghiem trpng, tinh can trien khai cac chinh sach khuyd'n khich mpi ngudi tham gia vao thi trifdng lao ddng thdng qua cac boat ddng dao tao, hifdng nghiep va gidi thieu viec lam v.v...
Nam la, tap trung trien khai cac chinh sach nham day manh phat trien san xua't kinh doanh. Tie'p tuc to chiic cd hieu qua cac hoat ddng xiic tie'n dau tif nham thu hiit nguon vd'n doanh nghiep trong nifdc va d i u tu nifdc ngoai. Theo dd, viia tang ngudn thu cho ngan saeh dia phifdng vifa md rong ty le bao phu cac hinh thiie bao hidm.
Ngoai ra, tinh ciing cin ed nhiing dii bdo can thie't ve liic lifdng lao dpng dieh chuydn tif hoat ddng ndng nghiep sang cac boat dpng phi ndng nghiep, dii bao xu hitdng gia hda dan so" d dia phifdng, qua dd dii doan ditdc mife can dd'i thu chi trong trien khai cac chinh sach ASXH.
4.2. Giai ph ap d ddi goc do th u hddng
Trien khai cac ehinh sdch ASXH dat hieu qua ve cha't la yeu td' then chd't tao them nilm tin eho ngifdi tham gia bao hiem ndi rieng va ngUdi dan ndi chung.
Mdt sd' giai phap difdi gdc dp thu hifdng c i n diidc tinh quan tam va thiic hien, cu the:
Mdt la, thiic hien nghidm tiic va hieu qua cdng tdc quan ly ngifdi hifdng lifdng huu, trd ca'p BHXH theo quy dinh hien hanh, tang cUdng giam sat ngUdi hudng thdng qua cdng tac chi tra. Dong thdi, thUdng xuyen phd'i hdp vdi cac to chifc, ea nhan de nim bat thdng tin ngUdi hudng giam do di chuyen hd khiiu thudng trii, ma't tich hoac do chet. Ben canh dd, day manh iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin
trong cdng tac chi tra eho ngUdi hudng tii cae chinh saeh ASXH de viCa dam bao tinh linh boat, minh bach trong trien khai vda gdp phan nang cao hieu qua edng tac quan ly ngudi hudng va ddn gian hda cac thu tuc hanh chinh.
Hai la, cai thien cha't lUdng va hieu qua cua he thd'ng y te'. Ben canh vide tang cUdng d^u tu ed sd vat eha't thie't hi y te va dpi ngii y bac si, tinh can cd cae giai phap tap trung eai thien thai dp va phong each phue vu cua nhan vien y te', nang eao sii hai Idng cua benh nhan, eai thien ky nang giao tie'p va tu va'n trong dich vu y te'.
Ba la, nang cao nhan thiic cua ngUdi dan v l BHYT va eham sdc y te thdng qua cae hoat ddng tuyen truyen nhiing ldi ich khi tham gia bao hiem. Tinh cd thd hinh thanh mpt phdng quan he cdng ehiing chiu trach nhiem thiie hien cac chid'n lUdc quan he edng ehiing khae nhau va ap dung eae hinh thiie khde nhau nham khuyd'n khieh ngUdi dan tid'p can dl dang hdn vdi cdc dich vu bao hidm.
Bd'n la, td' chtic thiie hien cac giai phap nang eao trach nhiem cdng dan cua ngUdi hudng, dam bao so' tien chi tra de'n dUpc diing dd'i tUdng dUde hudng, tranh tinh trang ngudi hudng di khdi ndi cU trii qua thdi ban quy dinh, ma't tich hay chet ma van dUdc nhdn lUdng hUu va trd ea'p, gay tinh trang tha't thoat quy bao hiem.
Nam la, dd'i vdi ngUdi hudng la ngUdi gia, ye'u, d'm dau, benh tat, ngudi cd ddn khdng cd kha nang triic tie'p di nhan hay uy quyen cho ngUdi khae linh thay lUdng huu, trd ca'p BHXH tai diem chi tra, tinh can d^y manh cdng tae chi tra tan ndi cU trii cho cac dd'i tUdng nay.
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHQI Sd 1-2020
HO VIET HANH, PHAN THI SONG THl/ONG 4.3. Giai phap tong th^
Xa hpi hda vd tang cUdng sii tham gia cua khu vUc ngoai nha nUde vao thiic hidn eac chinh sach ASXH la giai phap td'ng the va lau dai. Khi nen kinh te' cua tinh cang phat trien, ddi sd'ng vat cha't va tinh than cua ngUdi dan dUdc nang cao kem theo dd la nhiing riii ro vk nguy cd tiem ^n nhU tha't nghiep, phan hda giau ngheo, te nan xa hdi... nhu clu ve ASXH trong dan eU tang ldn ea v l mat cha't va lUdng. Do vay, chuyen giao dan cac cdng vide cua Nha nUdc sang cho xa hdi, cho edng dong, nhat la cac boat ddng xda ddi giam nghdo, trd giiip xa hdi la can thiet.
Day la dae trUng cd ban eua he thd'ng ASXH trong nen kinh te' thi trUdng. Nha nUdc chi ddng vai trd la chii the tao ra the che de doanh nghiep va ngUdi dan tham gia thiic hien cac quyen va nghia vu theo diing quy dinh. Ddng thdi, Nhd nUdc thiic hien cdng tac tuyen truyen, pho bie'n va nang eao y thUc cho doanh nghiep va ngudi dan khi tham gia thiic hien cac chinh sach ASXH.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Beveridge.W.H. (1924b), Insurance for All and Everything, London: The Daily News LTD.
2. Gilbert. Neil and Terrell. Paul (2002), Dimensions of Social Welfare Policy (5th Ed.), Boston. MA: Allyn and Bacon.
3. Hiiu Diep (2018), "Quang Nam:
Quan tam thiic hien chinh sach giam ngheo", Tap chi Lao dgng va xa hgi.
4. Kim Anh (2018), "Xung quanh vide phat trien dd'i tUdng tham gia BHXH.
BHYT va thu hdi nd trong cong tac phdi
hdp vdi cd quan Thue", Trang tin diin td BHXH tinh Quing Nam.
5. Mae Tie'n Anh (2005), "Khai luan chung ve an sinh xa hdi". Tap chi bio hiem xa hdi sd' 1/2005.
6. Nguygn Thanh Danh (2018), "Cd hpi va thach thiic trong viec md rdng dd'i tUdng tham gia BHXH tii nguyen d tinh Quang Nam hien nay", Trang tin dien td BHXH tinh Quing Nam.
7. Nguydn Thanh Danh (2018), "Mdt so' y kie'n ve quan ly ngUdi hudng lUdng hUu, trd ca'p BHXH qua cdng tac chi tra hien nay", Trang tin dien td BHXH tinh Quing Nam.
8. Park Jin va cdng sii (2018), Hi thd'ng kinh te'cua Viet Nam: He thd'ng an sinh xa hdi, Dii an ChUdng trinh Dd'i tae chia se kinh nghiem phat trien (DEEP) vdi Han Qud'c.
9. Sd LDTB-XH tinh Quang Nam (2019), Bao cao Ki't qui thuc hien Nghi quyi't Dai hdi Dang bg tinh lan thd XXI (2015-2020), phuong hddng, nhiem vu 5 nam (2020-2025).
10. Sd Tai ehinh tinh Quang Nam (2019), Bao cao danh gia chi tiiu thu NSNN giai doan 2016-2020 va xay ddng chi tiiu thu NSNN giai doan 2021-2025 trin dia ban tinh Quang Nam.
IL UBND tinh Quang Nam (2015), Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh ti'- xa hdi tinh Quing Nam giai doan de'n nam 2020, tim nhin di'n nam 2030.
12. UBND tinh Quang Nam (2018), Bao cao ke't qua thuc hien phat trien kinh td' xa hdi giiia nhiem ky (03 nam 2016- 2018) theo Nghi quye't 177/2015/NQ- HDND ngay 11/12/2015.
13. Nien giam thd'ng ke tinh Quang Nam nam 2018.
S61-2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HH Q
