Bao tin va phat huy gia tri
cua di san van hoa Hoang thanh Thang Long
Nguyin Dfic Trgng' ' Tni&ng Dai hgc Kinh te quoc din.
Email: Nguyen,[email protected]
Nhin ngiy 26 thing 10 n5m 2016. Chip nh|in dSng ngiy 28 thing 11 n5m 2016.
Tom tat: Cac di san van hoa deu co gia trj doi vdi con ngudi hifn tai vd tuong lai, do do cdn dugc bao ton va phat huy. Bao tin va phat huy gia ttj cua di san van hoa vdi phat trifin du ljch tai cac di san van hoa co mfii quan hf bifn chung vdi nhau. Di san van hoa Hoang thanh Thang Long la mft tai san co gia trj ldn cua nude ta. Phat triln du lich vin hoa tai khu di san van hoa Hoang thanh Thang Long la rat can thiet khflng chi phat huy gia tti van hoa cua di san van hoa dfi, ma con lam tang hifu qua kinh doanh cua nganh du ljch.
Tfi khoa: Di san van hda, Hoang thanh Thang Long, gia ttj, bao tin, phat huy.
Abstract: Cultural heritage in general and specific heritage sites in particular are all valuable to humans both at present and in the fiiture, so they need preserving and promoting. The preservation and promotion of the values of cultural heritage and the development of tourism at the sites have a dialectic relationship. The cultural heritage of Thang Long royal chadel is Vietnam's asset of great value. The cultural tourism development at the heritage she is much needed, not only to promote its cultural value, but also to enhance the business results of the tourism sector.
Keywords: Cultural heritage, Thang Long royal citadel, value, preservation, promotion.
l . D a t v a n d e nghj lan thfi nam Ban Chap hdnh Tnmg uang khda VIII vd Nghi quyfit Hgi nghj Bdo tfin vd phdt huy gia ttj vdn hda tmyfin ldn thfi chin Ban Chip hanh Trung uong thfing Id chifin luge phat ttifin bin vung khda XI dd khdng dinh: xdy dung nfin vdn cfia Vift Nam. Nhiiu van kifn cua Dang hfia Viet Nam tifin tifin, dam da bdn sdc va Nhd nude da khang dinh ehfi tmomg gifl vdn hoa dan tgc. Chifin luge cd tinh xuyfin gin ban sdc van hfla Vift Nam, tifip thu suit nay dinh huomg cho vifc bdo tdn vd tinh hoa van hda thi gioi. Nghi quyfit Hgi phdt fauy gia tri di sdn vdn fafia Vift Nam
ttfin toan quoe, dgc bifit nfaimg di san dd dugc T i chfic Gido due, Khoa hge vd Vdn hfia eua Lien Hgp Qufic (UNESCO) cfing nhan Id di sdn vdn hda the gidi. Hodng thdnh Thang Long cd b i day ljch sfi hang ngfain ndm, Id tmng tdm quyfin luc cao nfadt va lifin tuc cua cde trifiu dai pfaong kifin Ly - Trin - Le, vi thfi di sdn vdn hda Hodng thanh Thdng Long dang chfia trong ldng nfi bifit bao diu tich cfia Ijch sfi ddn tfc. Di san van hda Hoang thdnh Thdng Long Id mdt trong nfaung di sdn dugc Ddng vd Nfaa nude quan tam bdo tfln va phdt huy. Tuy nhien, cho den nay, di san vdn hda ddc bifit quan ttgng ndy chi diing d mfic bdo tfln, vific phdt huy cdn rdt hgn che. Bdi viet ndy phdn tich vifc bdo tfln vd phdt huy gia ttj cua di sdn vdn hda Hodng thdnh Thang Long gin vdi phat trien du lich van hda.
2. Gia tri cua di san van hoa
De quan niem dung ve gia tri ciia di sdn vdn hda nfii chung vd di sdn vdn hoa Hoang thdnh Thdng Long ndi rieng, thi can cd quan nifm diing ve di sdn vdn hda vd gia tri.
Di san van hda la nhiing tai san vdn hda cd gid tri cua qud khfi cdn tdn tgi ttong cufc sing ducmg dgi va tuong lai. Di san vdn hod cd hai logi: di sdn van hod hihi Iiinh va di san vdn hod vfl hinh (hodc di sdn vdn hod vgt thi vd di sdn vdn hod phi vft the). Cdc c i vdt trong di sdn vdn hda Hoang thanfa Tfadng Long dfiu cd gid tn Idn. Nfaung con ring da edn hifn difn tmdc thfim dien Kinh Thifin khfing thi thay thfi bdng bat ky con rflng da nao khde, cho du do la nhung con rdng d i sg han, tinh xdo hem dugc tgo ra
vdi cfing nghe va tay ngfafi tinh xdo cfia cdc nghf nhdn dd Ninh Binh hay Dd Ning ngay nay. Nhflng dau phugng ttong di sdn vSn hda Hodng thdnh Thdng Long la nhiing ed v^t quy gid kfafing thfi thay thfi duge. Ngdy nay, nhieu ca sd cflng ed tfai tdi tao nhflng ddu phugng gidng y nfau tfai, nfaung chiing cflng chi Id nhflng thfi dugc tai tgo vd kfadng thfi ed gid tri nhu nfaflmg diu pfaugng nguyen gdc. Thgm chi cd Doan Mfln vd Hdu Lau ciing v^y, nguoi ta eung cfi thfi xdy Doan Mfln vd Hau Ldu mfii dep hon, hoanh ttang hom, nhimg dfi khfing phdi la Doan Mfln vd Hdu Ldu duge xdy dgng each day faang trdm nam. Vd duong nfaifin cfaiing khfing cd gid tii nhu Doan Mdn, Hdu Ldu ttong di san vdn hda Hodng thanfa Tfadng Long. Ro rdng rang, gia tri cfia Doan Mfln, Hdu Lau, rflng dd tmdc thfim difin Kinh Thien, dau phugng va nhflng cfi vdt khdc ttong di sdn van hda Hodng thanh Thdng Long Id nhiing gid tri khdng tfafi thay thfi!
Cd Hoang tfaanfa Tfaang Long Id tap hgp nhflng gid tii khflng thfi thay thfi. CJ ddy la gid tri Ijch sfi, van hda, kien tnic vd cd kinh ti, chinfa tri ntia. Cfainfa su kfadng tfafi tiiay thfi do mft ldn niia lam nfin gid tri dfic nhdt, vfi nhj cfia di sdn vdn hfia Hodng thanh Thdng Long, vi thfi nd cang phdi dugc bao tdn. Nfaung niu bdo tdn md khdng pfadt fauy, faodc pfadt fauy hgn chfi till gia hi cfia di san vdn hfia Hoang thanh Thdng Long eiing cM nhu bdo vgt quy gia dugc gifl tix)ng tii.
Chfing ta ein phai lam eho di san van hfia Hodng thdnh Thdng Long ttd nfin sing dgng han vdi cugc sdng hifin tgi. Sfing dfng hfim nay dfi hiiu sdu sde hom vfi qua khfi, dfi efaifim nghifim nhieu ban vfi vdn hda vd ljch su ddn tfc.
Nguyen Due Trgng 3. Bao ton va phat huy gid tri cua di san
van hoa gdn vol phat triln du I|cfa Bao tdn vd pfadt huy gia tii cua di san vdn hfia gdn voi pfadt trifin du ljcfa tgi cdc di san van fada cd mfii quan hf bifn cfafing voi nhau. Bdo tfin la gifl gin nguyfin trgng, tranh bi pfad fauy, la su bdo vfi nhflng tdi san van hda tfadng qua nhumg faogt dgng gidm thifiu tdi da su hu hogi xudng cap mang tinh vat ly, hda hoc vd trdnh su mat mdt vfi nfi dung thdng tin. Muc tifiu ca ban eua bdo tfin Id keo ddi su tmdng tfln eua tdi san vdn boa. Cde hogt dgng cfia bdo tfin bao gfim ca viee thim djnh, kiim tra, thu thgp tdi lifu, dfi ra cae bifn phap phfing ttdnh hu hgi thflng qua ngfaifin cfiu vd gido dye. Bdo tfin di san van boa khfing edn trd sg phdt trifin van hda, ma thfic diy su phat trien van fafia. Qua trinh phdt triin vdn hfia bao ham ea sg ddo thdi nhiing yiu tfi van hfla loi thdi, ed hu, lac hdu. Bdo tdn vd phdt trifin vdn hda (bao tdn vd phdt fauy gid tri eua di sdn vdn fada) tfaue day nfaau. Bdo tdn vdn fada (faay bdo tfin gia tri cua di san vdn hfia) gdp pfain thfic diy phdt trifin vdn hda (phat huy gia tri di sdn vdn hda). Khi bdo tdn vdn hda edn phai ddnh gid, xdc lap vi tfafi ciia yeu td vdn fada mdi dga trfin nfin tang gia tri dd dugc bao tdn. Nguge lai, thflng qua phat trifin vdn hda, con ngudi nhdn thfic vd thgc hifn hoat dgng bdo tdn vdn hda. Phdt huy tmdc het Id sfi dgng gid tri tinh thdn cfia di sdn vdn hod ttong cfing tac_tuyfin tmyfin, gido dye tu tudng tinfa cam. Phdt huy cflng bao fadm ed cdc hogt dfng khai thdc (tuy nhien, khdng nfin ddng nhit phdt huy vfii kfaai thdc vi khi dd phdt huy di sdn vdn hod se bj faieu qua tfaifin v i tinfa hifu qua kinh tfi trong sfi dgng).
Phdt trifin du lich cd Idm mdt di gid trj di sdn, hodc it ra ed Idm meo md vfi vdt cfait vd y ngfaia eiia di san faay kfadng? Ngudi qudn Iy di sdn tfaudng bdn khodn ve eau hfii ndy. Khi phat trifin du lich tai cdc di sdn vdn hfia, tiufire tifin chfing ta can lam eho ngudi qudn ly di sdn kfafing edn bdn khodn vfi difiu dd. Vdi du Ijch bfin vfing, du lich vdn hda, du lich cd ttdch nhifim thi di san van hda la tai nguyfin quy gia cfia du lich, tfadm chi khdng ed nd thi khfing thfi phdt trifin du lich. Cfafing ta cdn nhin nhdn di san van hda nfau mft ngufin lgc dfii dao cho vifc pfaat tiien du ljch di sdn, du lich van hda (do Id mgt logi hinh du Ijeh bfin viing, la mfit ngdnh kinh tfi mfli nhgn).
4. Giai pfaap bao t i n va pfaat fauy gia tri cua di san van fada Hoang tfaanfa Tfaang Long
Di sdn vdn hda Hodng tfaanfa Thang Long dugc bifit dfin Id mdt di sdn van hfia cfi gia tri ddc bift quan ttgng; vi nd mang y nghTa tifiu bifiu cho ddng cfady lich sfi van hda lien tyc cfia trung tdm quyfin Ige, ehinh tri, van hda eao nhit Vifit Nam. Sau 4 ndm duge UNESCO cdng nhan Id di san van hda the gioi, thdnfa phd Ha Nfii cung cdc ca quan lifin quan dd fagp sfic ngfaifin cuu vd bao tfin gid tri quy ciia khu di sdn ndy. Tuy nhifin, cfing tdc bdo tfin khu di sdn Hodng thanh Thdng Long ttong tfaoi gian gan ddy dang gap nhifiu trd ngai. Khu khdo cfi hgc tgi 18 Hodng Difu bdt diu dugc khai qudt tfi cufii ndm 2002 va md rdng voi quy md tfi diu nam 2003 do Vifn Khdo cd hgc thufc Vifn Kfaoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam (nay Id Vifn Han ldm Khoa hge xa hdi Vift Nam) thgc hifn. Gdn 15 ndm qua, cfing vific ban giao 95
mdt bdng di tich, di vdt, ho sa khoa hgc giiia ca quan khai quat voi ca quan qudn ly rit chgm. Khu trung tdm Hodng thdnh Thdng Long dang duge quy hogch thdnh Cfing vifin ljch sfi van hfia. Trung tdm Bdo tfln di sdn Thang Long - Hd Ngi dd lap Do an quy hoach ehi tifit bdo tfln, tfin tao, phdt fauy gia tri khu di sdn. Tuy nhifin, cfing vifc ndy tien triin cdn cfadm va dang ggp rdt nhifiu kfafi khan. Dfi bao tfin vd phat huy gid tri ciia di sdn van hda Hodng thdnh Thdng Long, chung tfli eho r§ng, phdt trifin du lich Id mft ttong nhiing gidi phap thifit thuc. Di sdn vdn hda Hoang thdnh Thang Long Id mft ngufln lgc lom, vi tfae phdt trifin du ljch di sdn, du ljch vdn hda tai diim Hodng thdnh Thang Long, td chue nhieu sg kifin van hda, hdi chg thuomg mgi, du lich... Id ein thifit, nhu cdc di sdn vdn hda dae bift khac eua Vift Nam dugc UNESCO cdng nhgn (di san Vinh Ha Long, cd dfl Hufi...).
Di san vdn hda cfia Hodng thdnh Thang Long rdt dd sg voi mgt sfi lugng ldn cac di sdn vdn hfia vat thfi, di sdn vdn hda cfia Hodng thanh Thdng Long la mdt bdo tdng md (bdo tdng ngodi ttdi), hdp din doi voi khdch du ljch. Mft ttong nhflng dfng ea du ljch eiia khach du lich (dge bifit la khach du ljch qudc te) chinh Id hgc tap vd nghifin cfiu. Hg tim toi nhflng gid tri ma d qufie gia hg khdng ed. Ham muon tim hiiu v i mdt nen vdn hda moi ehinh la mft ttong nhiing dgng Igc thfic diy kfadeh du ljch toi tham quan difim dfin. 6 Hoang thanh Thdng Long, vific bdo quan eac di vgt (nhu d i gfim su, dfi dd) kha dan gidn. Song, vdi nhung dfi kim loai va nhflmg d i gfi, dfi bao qudn ehung cdn phdi cfi dfi ngu nhflng cdn bfl co ttinh do chuyfin mfln. Chinh vi vdy, can
phdi cfi y thfic sdu faan cfao cfing tdc bdo quan, nhit Id voi nhiing logi hinh di vat ddc bifit. Rifing voi dfi go, ehiing ta cdn pfadi hgc tdp rdt nhieu kinh nghifm cfia cdc nude Chau Au.
Dfi phat trifin du licfa van fafia tgi di sdn van hda Hoang thanh Thdng Long, chung ta edn ehfi f phdt tiien logi hinh du lich khao cfiu hay du lich nghifin cfiu khoa hgc. Loai hinh du lich nay d Viet Nam ehua phdt trifin mgnh me, trong khi d edc nude phdt trifin vfi du ljch (difin hinh la edc nude Chdu Au va Hoa Ky) thi loai hinfa du licfa nay ddng gfip kfafing nhfi vfi tfing thu tfi du ljch. Do vgy, chiing ta can xay dgng sdn phim du lich vdn hda ciing phai ddc bifit nhdm thda man nhiing nhu eiu khdc bift cfia hg.
De phat trifin du lich vdn fada tgi di sdn vdn fafia Hoang tfaanh Thdng Long, ehiing ta cin xdy dgng mft phim tmomg Hoang thdnh Thang Long. Vdi tdi nguyfin vin cfi eiia di sdn vdn hda Hoang thdnfa Thdng Long, vifc xay dgng mgt phim tmdng hodnh trdng vk Hodng thdnh Thdng Long la nhifm vu kha thi (gidng nhu nhieu phim lifin quan tdi chfi de ljch sfi nhu: Nggn nen hodng cung, Thien mfnh anh hflng, Lfiu ehdng, Khdt vgng Thdng Long, Long thanh cim gia ca. Thai su Trin Tfafi Do, Vi dit Tfadng Long, Ly Cdng Uin: Dudng toi Thdng Long, Huyfin sfi Thien dfi...). Difin anh Id mflt trong nhung cflng cu qudng ba du ljch vfi cung hiiu hifu. Ngoai ra, vifc tfi chfic nhflmg boat dfing ngodi ttfii nhu trifin lam trung bay hay cdc sg kifn da va dang dien ra tgi di ti'ch Hoang tiianh Thdng Long eung ldm tang thfim nh|in thfic v i difim den du Ijeh nay trong mgt bg phdn khflng nho kfaach du licfa ttong nude vd qudc ti.
Nguyen Due Trgng
5. Kit ludn
Di sdn van fada cfla Hoang tfadnfa Tfaang Long ed gid tri rit Ifim. Pfadt triin du ljcfa van fada tgi kfau di sdn vdn hda Hodng thanfa Thang Long la rit cin tfaifit, kfadng chi dfi phat huy gia tri vdn hda ciia di sdn vdn hda dfi, md cdn dfi lam tdng hieu qud kinh doanh ciia nganh du ljch. Du lich vdn hda tgi khu di sdn vdn hda Hodng thdnh Thdng Long diy tifim ndng. Cfafing ta kfafing nfin vd khfing the de lang phi mdt nguon tai nguyen du ljcfa kfaong lo nhu vdy. Tuy nfaien, mufin duge nhu vay thi can ldm sdng to rdt nhifiu vin d i khoa hge lifin quan din bdo tin va phat huy gia tri di sdn vdn hod Tfaang Long, nhu Nguyin Vifit Chfic dd vifit: "Vin dfi bdo t i n vd phdt huy gid tri di san vdn hod Thdng Long - Hd Nfi khfing moi, nhung van edn dd bao diiu edn pfaai lam rd ttong nghifin cfiu eiing nhu ttong hogt dfng thuc tien hifn nay dfli vdi tit cd nfathig ai ttdn ttd bdi tinh yfiu Thdng Long - Ha Ndi ngan ndm vdn hifin. Bdo tdn vd phdt huy gia tii di sdn vdn hod Thdng Long - Hd
Ndi chinfa la Idm cfao ddt dia linh nhdn kift tifip tyc hdi ty tinh hoa vdn hda, tda sang nfau nd vfin ed, va edn pfaong phfi, gidu cd han Ifin mdi tfaeo thdi gian" [2].
Tai lifu tham khao
[1] Dio Duy Anh (1938), Viit Nam vdn hda sd cuang, Nxb Thir Lim i n thu quin, Hufi.
[2] Nguyen Viet Chiic (Chu bien) (2010), Nhiing gid tri Ifch su vdn hod 1000 ndm Thdng Long - Hd Ndi, Nxb Thiri dai. H i Ngi.
[3] D i n g Cgng s i n Vi?t Nam (1998), Vdn kiin Hgi nghj ldn thu nam Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khda VIII, Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia. H i Ngi.
[4] Ng6 Dilc Thjnh (2010), Nhiing gid trj Vdn hda truyin thdng Viit Nam, Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia. H i NOi.
[5] UNESCO (2001), UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diveristy. UNESCO General Conference, Paris.
[6] UNESCO (2010), What is intangible cultural heritage? Rio De Janero: UNESCO.
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