QUAN DIEM CUA AN DO VE TRANH CHAP CHU QUYEN Cl BIEN DONG VA TAC DONG CUA NO DEN QUAN HE VIET NAM AN DO
VO XUAN VINH*
1. Ldi i c h c u a A n D $ dr B i e n D 6 n g An Do cd moi quan he lau ddi ve van hda, thfldng mai... vdi cac quoc gia ven bien Dong*". Cpng dong ngfldi An d Dong Nam A va mot so' quoc gia trong Ichu vflc da ung hd vk CO nhong dong gop quan trong cho phong tr^o dau t r a n h giai phdng dan toe An D6 khdi ^ch thd'ng tri cua thflc dan Anh'2>. Nam 1992, An Do chi'nh thflc trien khai chinh sach hfldng Dong, hfldng tdi khu vflc chau A-Thai Binh Dfldng, Idiu vflc mk Jawaharlal Nehru - ngfldi sang lap nen nfldc Cong hoa An Do - khi con dang bi giam cam trong n h a tu cua thflc dan Anh (1945) da nhan dinh la "co Icha nang thay thd' Dai Tay Dflcfng trong tfldng lai vdi tfl c6ch Ik trung tSm dau nao ciia the gicii"'^'.
Du c^c nha lanh dao An Do tfl dau nhijhg nfim 90 cua the ky XX da dat ra nhieu muc tieu Idii trien khai chinh sach hfldng Dong nhflng c6 le, ly giai ngan gon nha't cho cac muc tieu nky, nhfl ldi ciia J. Nehru, la "mac du khdng trflc tiep la mdt qud'c gia Thai Binh Dfldng nhUtig An D6 chac chin phai c6 dfldc tam anh hfldng quan trong d do"'"*'.
06 the ndi, mgt trong nhOng muc tieu quan trgng cua chinh sdeh hUdng Ddng Id
An Dd mudn kiim ch^ tham vgng cua Trung Qud'c a Nam A vd An Do DUcmg cung nhu tdng cUcmg sU hien dien a chdu A-Thdi Binh Duffng de bdo ddm cdc lgi ich kinh ti, chien lUgc cua minh.
Ke tfl cudi thap nien 80 cua the ky XX, Trung Quo'c da cong khai y dinh md rong anh hfldng xuong Idiu vflc Nam A va An Do Dflcfng. Nam 1986, chi huy tau Ithu true 132 cua Trung Quoc da phat bieu tai cang Chittagong (Bangladesh) rkng "An Do DLTffng khong duy nhat thupc ve An Dp"*^'.
Tren thiic te, Trung Quoc da co duoc anh hfldng khdng nhd d Pakistan, Myanmar va gan day la Sri Lanka, nhCfng quoc gia lang gieng CO vi tri chien Iflcfc doi vdi An Dp.
Quan he ngoai giao Trung Quo'c- Pakistan dflOc thiet lap nam 1950. Trung Quoc bat dau vien trg quan su cho Pakistan vao nam 1966 ngay sau cuoc chien tranh An Dp-Pakistan 1965. Lien minh chien IflOc Trung Quo'c-Pakistan dflcfc dinh hinh sau Idii Pakistan bi phan chia thanh hai quoc gia la Paldstan va Bangladesh va hpp tac Idnh te gifla hai nfldc dflpc khoi dpng vao nam 1979 dfldi thdi cam quyen cua Tfldng Zia ul Haq d Pakistan'^'. Nam 1986,
*TS. V5 XuSn Vinh, Vi^n Nghign ci3u Dong Nam A
Nghien cihi Dong Nam A 2/2UJJ
Bac Kinh va Islamabad ky Thoa thuan hpp tac nguyen tfl toan dien va ngfldi t a n h a n h chong tin rang sfl hd t r p cua Trung Quo'c co y nghia dac biet quan trpng doi vdi viec Pakistan sd hflU vii khi nguyen tfl*'''. Ti^ do, quan he gifla hai quo'c gia nay diigc mieu t a la "doi tac trong mpi hoan canh" va Pakistan dflpc danh gia la Uen minh dang tin cay nhat ciia Trung Quoc*^'. Thang 4/2012, Trung Quo'c khang dinh rang nfl6c nay dang tiep quan cang nudc sau chien lupc Gwadar d Balochistan*^' cua Pakistan.
Nudc lang gieng phia Dong cua An Dp la Myanmar cQng phu thupc nhieu vao Trung Quoc ke tfl cuoi thap nien 80 cua the ky XX.
Phai doi mat vdi su co lap cua My va phflcfng Tay sau sfl Men gidi quan sfl bat giam ba Aung San Suu Kyi vao nam 1989, Myanmar da co nhieu thay doi quan trpng nhat trong chinh sach cua minh do'i vdi Trung Quoc, chuyen tfl thai do trung lap chien Iflpc sang hen minh chien Iflpc'^*".
Nhcf moi quan he dac biet vdi Myanmar, Trung Quoc da tflng bfldc tham nhap sau hem vao Idiu vflc vinh Bengal thupc An Do Duong. Nam 1992, Myanmar dong y cho Trung Quoc dat cac trang thiet bi do tham d quan dao Coco trong vinh Bengai'^^' va nam 1994, Trung Quo'c da hoan thanh viec xay dung cac trang thie't bi giam sat dien tfl va rada tren quan dao nay. Nam 1999, Trung Quoc xay dUiig mpt ccf sd hai quan tren dao Hainggyi, ngay cfla song Irawaddy. Hien nay, Trung Quoc dang theo duoi no luc nham hien thflc hoa sang kie'n ve Hanh lang Irrawaddy, giup ke't noi t m h Van Nam vcfi vinh Bengal. Co the noi, doi vcfi Trung QuS'c, Mien Dien la ciVa ngo dan tcii vinh Bengal, An Dp Dflcfng, va cac true giao thong song c6n cf Eo bien Malacea*^^'.
Thang a/2007, Trung Quoc va Sri
Lanka da dat dflpc thoa t h u a n hpp tac cho phep Trung Quoc t h a m gia vao vi§c phat tri^n mpt dfl an cang trong Khu P h a t trien Hambantota do chinh n i n kinh td' ldn thfl hai the* gidi ^ u p dd xay dung. Sfl Men dien cua Trung Quo'c d Hambantota da thflc sfl gay quan ngai doi vdl An D6 bdi vai tro cua Trung Quo'c trong dfl an nay khong chi la anh hudng cua Trung Quo'c d Sri Lanka ma la sfl hien dien qua gan cua Trung Quo'c vdi bd bien An Dp.. Ngoai ra, c6 ch6 dO&ig d Hambantota, sfl hien dien cua Trung Quo'c d An Dp Dflcfng dflpc cung co' them mpt bu'dc*^^'.
Sfl c6 mat cua Trung Quo'c tai cac cang bien chien lupc d An Dp Dfldng nhfl Sittwe (Myanmar), Chittagong (Bangladesh), H a m b a n t o t a (Sri Lanka), va Gwadar (Pakistan) dflcfc cho la nhflng n6 lflc ciia nen kinh t§' so mot chau A trong vi&c thflc hien chien Iflpc "chu6i ngpc trai"'^*'. Khong it ngflcfi trong gidi nghien cflU An Dp cho rang ehudi nay dupc lap r a la de kiem che An Dp md rpng anh hfldng ra khoi khu vflc Nam A.
Bi§n Dong cung Id khu vUc co vai tro dgt biet quan trgng dot vol hogt dgng thUcmg mgi cua An Dp. Tren thflc te', 97% hang hoa tflong dflcfng vdi 75% gia tri thflcfng mai cua An Dp dflpc van chuyen bang dflcfng bien va gan 50% tong thflong mai cua An Dp la vdi phia Dong thdng qua Eo bien Malacca vdi tren 60.000 tau thuydn qua lai hang nam'^^'. Viec thcfOng mai ngay cang c6 dong gdp quan trpng cho nen kinh te cua An Dp (ndu nam 1990, thflcfng mai mdi chi chiein 15% GDP ciia An Dp thi den nam 2005, ti le nay da tang len mflc 35%'^^') cang lam tang vai tro cua hoat dpng thflong mat b ^ g dflcfng bien, dae biet la d Bien Ddng trong bd'i canh, cac nen kinh te d chau A-Thai
Vo Xudn Vinh - Quan diem cua An Do ve tranh chap chu quyen...
Binh Dflong ngay c a r ^ chi^m ta Id ldn trong t6ng thflpng mai ciia An D5, ttf 24% nam tai khda 2002 - 2003 len 30% nam tai khda 2009- 2010*"'.
Hon nfla, trong boi canh An Dp quan tam thuc day viec nghidn cflU ve Hdnh lang kinh te Mekong-An Dg''^^^ noi cac cang mien Ddng ciaa nflde nay vdi cang Dawei (Myanmar), Thai Lan, Campuchia va Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh (Vidt Nam) thanh eon dflcfng thfl hai, bdn canh Eo bien Malacca, noi An Dp vol Bien Dong thi ro rang, Bi^n Ddng ddng vai trd quan trong trong hoat dong giao thflcfng ciia An Dp vdi khu vflc Dong A.
B§n cgnh y nghia chinh tri-an ninh, thuang mgi vd kit noi, biin Dong con dong vai tro quan trgng trong chinh sach tim ngudn cung cdp ndng luqng mdi cua An Dp Idii cude chien t r a n h vung Vinh (1991) no ra va nhu cau n a n g lflpng eho phat trien kinh td' ngay cang tang d An Dp ke tfl khi quo'c gia Nam A nay tidn hanh cai each toan didn nen Idnh te' vao thang 7 nam 1991.
Viet Nam ehinh la dSi tac d cap qud'c gia ddu tien ciia Cong ty Nha nude ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) ciia An Dp. Ngay 19/5/1988, OVL da ky hpp dong chia se dau mo vdi PetroVietnam ct ba Id Idiai thac la 06.1, 12E va 19 d be Nam Cdn Son ... OVL cua An Dp da phd'i hpp vdi PetroVietnam (Viet Nam) va tap doan British Petroleum (eiia Anh) tie'n hanh khai thac cac md khi d6t Lan Dd va Lan Tay d Bie'n Dong vao cac nam 1992 va 1993*^^'. Do gap khung hoang ve ngoai hd'i nhCflng nam 90 ciia the' ky XX, OVL da ban co phan ciia minh d 16 06.1 thupc cac md Lan Dd va Lan Tay cho tap doan BP cua Anh. Tuy nhien, khi BP phai
ban c6 phan cua minh d 16 06.1 do vfldng vao vu kien tran dau d vinh Mexico vao nam 2010, OVL da mua lai 45,5% gia tri eua 16 khai thac nay*^*''. Trong nam tai khda 2011-2012, eae ben da khai thac dflpc 2 ti m^ khi dot d 16 06.1 va OVL da dflpc hfldng 45% lpi nhuan'21'.
Thdng 6/2006, OVL da gianh dUpc hpp dong (100% v6n) tham dd hai Id 127 va 128 trong khu vflc dac quyen kinh te eua Viet Nam d Bien Dong. Tuy nhidn, do khong tim thay hydrocarbon nen OVL da rut khdi Id tham do 127'^^' sau 3 nam tham do.
Thang 7/2012, OVL da nhan ldi de nghi cua PetroVietnam tiep tue tham do va khai thac dau tai Id 128 d khu vflc Bien Dong thupc chii quyen eiia Viet Nam thdm hai nam nijfa*^^'.
Cd th^ ndi rkng, Bie'n Ddng ed vai tro quan trpng ve ehinh tri, chid'n Iflpc va kinh te' dd'i vdi An Do.
2. Quan d i e m c u a A n Dp v e tranh chaip c h u q u y e n dr B i e n Ddng
Tren thye te, An Dp da gap phai scf phan dd'i cua Trung Qud'c vao nam 2000 khi hai quan An Dp di chuyen qua Bie'n Ddng va thong bao tap tran trong Idiu vUe'^'". An Dp dfldng nhfl chi thflc sfl lo ngai cac Itfi ich cua minh d Bien Dong bi xam pham khi Trung Qud'c lan dau tien cdng khai ban dd cd Dudng liicfi bb trong Cong ham giii Lien Hpp qud'c phan ddi bao cao ranh gidi ngoai them luc dia ciia Viet Nam va Malaysia'^^' (7/5/2009) va sau dd, vao thdng 3/2010, Trung Quoc tuyen bd' coi Bien Ddng cd "lpi Ich qude gia cdt loi" nha Dai Loan va Tay Tang*26).
An Dp ldn dau tien len tieng ve an ninh hdng hdi vd phucmg thdc tiip can ddm bdo
Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 2/2013
an ninh hdng hdi a cdc vung bien d chdu A- Thdi Binh Duang tai Hdi nghi Bd trfldng Quoc phong ASEAN md rdng tai H a Ndi nam 2010. Tai hpi nghi nay, Bp trfldng A.KAntony da nhan manh: "An ninh cua cdc tuyd'n giao thong dfldng bi^n ddng vai tro sd'ng cdn trong the gidi ngay nay. Cac nflde cd lpi ich ehung trong vide gifl cho cdc tuyd'n dfldng nay lUU thdng, dupe dam bao an ninh va tu do hang hai, cae nguon cung cap nang Iflpng va thflcfng mai.... An ninh ciia eae tuyen dfldng bien quan trpng doi vdi khu vUc chau A-Thai Binh Dflcfng, khu vflc hien nay dflpc coi la mpt trong nhuiig dau tau tang trudng kinh td' toan eau quan trpng nha't. Thdng qua Thoa thuan hpp tac khu vUe chd'ng eudp bien va cudp ed vii trang nhfim vao tau thuyen d chau A (ReCAAP) va cac ccf che' hop tac d vinh Malacca, chung tdi dang phdi hpp vdi cac nfldc khde trong Idiu vflc de cai thien an toan hang hai d khu vflc. Cae phflcfng thflc tie'p can tap the ve an ninh hang hai se mang lai lpi ieh cho toan khu vflc"'^'i'*.
Dau thang 9/2011, Bo Ngoai giao An Dp bat dau cd nhuiig tuyen bd' the hien quan diem ro rang ve t r a n h chap chu quyen d Bien Ddng. Trong thdng cao bao chl 1/9/2011, Bp Ngoai giao nfldc nay da ndi ro:
"An Do ung hd tfl do hang hai trong eac vung bien quo'c te, bao gom Bien Ddng, va quyen Iflfl thdng phu hpp vdi cac nguyen tac dflpc thfla nhan cua luat phap qud'c td'. Cac nguyen tac nay can dflpc tat ca cac ben tdn trpng"'^^'. Kh6ng lau sau do, nen kinh td' ldn nha't Nam A tiep tue khang dinh quan diem ung hp t u do hang hai, dong thdi keu gpi eac ben tdn trpng Tuyen bo' cua cac ben ve flng xfl d Bien Dong (DOC) khi ngfldi phat ngdn Bd Ngoai giao nfldc nay ngay 16/9/2011 cho biet, New Delhi "ung hp tfl
do hang hai d Bi^n Dong va hy vpng rang tai ca cac ben t r a n h chap se ton trpng DOC 2002"*29).
Dieu rat dang quan tam la An Dp da t h a n g than k h a n g dinh viec Trung Qud'c tuyen b6' chu quyen trong vung kinh td' dac quyen cua Viet N a m d Bien Ddng, dac biet viec Trung Quoc p h a n ddi viec t h a m do dau khi cua cdng ty OVL trong khu vflc kinh te dac quyin cua Vidt Nam la "khong cd cfl scf phap ly"'3*". Lien quan den cang thang gifla Trung Quo'c va Phillipines xung quanh bai can Scarborough, Thdng cao bao chi cua Bp Ngoai giao An Dp ngay 10/5/2012 cung da chi ro: "Chung tdi dang theo doi sat sao nhflng phat trien gan day Hen quan ddn Trung Qud'c va Phihppines d Bien Ddng.
Duy t n hda binh va an ninh d khu vflc la lpi I'ch sd'ng con cua cpng dong qud'c td'. An Dp thuc giuc hai nfldc kiem che' va giai quyet VEUI de thong qua con dfldng ngoai giao phfl hpp vdi cac nguyen tac cua luat phap qud'c te*'*^^'.
Khdng chl dtoig lai d viec khang dinh hanh ddng phi phap cua Trung Quoc, An D6 con khfing dinh se bao ve eac lpi ich ciia minh d Bien Ddng khi Quoc vu khanh phu trach qud'c phong cua An Dp trong lan tra ldi bao chi nfldc nay ngay 16/9/2011 da nhan manh: "Tdi nghi, eung gid'ng nhfl cac nfldc khac mudn khang dinh cac quyen cua hp," chung tdi hieu rat ro eac quyen va lpi ich cua minh. Chung tdi se bao vd cac lpi ich cua minh mdt each m a n h me"' 3uan ngai trfldc vide hai quan Trung QuSc dflpc hien dai hda nhanh chdng*^^'. An Dp tie'p tue the hien quan diem cflng ran trong vide bao vd cae quyin lpi eua minh d Bien Ddng, tham chi hai quan nflde nay con de cap tdi kha nang dieu tau chien den viJng bi^n nay de bao ve cdc I d ich cua quoc gia, cu the la cdc
Vo Xudn Vinh - Quan diem cda An Do ve tranh chdp chu quyin...
Id tham dd do cong ty ONGC Videsh thuc hien. Phat b i & tai cudc hpp bao vao dau thdng 12/2012, Tfl lenh Hai quSn An Dp, do ddc D.K Joshi da khang dinh: "ONGC Videsh ed ba Id tham db d dd (Biln Ddng).
Chung tdi se dflpc yeu cau d^n dd va chiing tdi da chuin bi"*^*'. Dd doc D.K Joshi cung tiet lo rkng hai quan An Dp da cd cac cube diln tap cho nhiem vu nay. Ngudi dflng d ^ hai quSn An Dp cur^ khang dinh lai quan dilm cua nfldc nay ve phflcfng thflc giai quyd't tranh chap Bien Ddng, dd la "khdng chi chung toi ma tat ca mpi ngflcfi deu c6 quan diem cho rang cae t r a n h chap phai dflpc giai quydt bdi cac bdn hdn quan phu hpp vdi quy dinh quoc te dflpc ghi trong UNCLOS, dd la yeu cau dau tien cua chur^
tdi"*35)_
Cdng vdi vide dua r a quan diem chinh thflc v l phflcfng thflc giai quyd't tranh chap Biln Ddng, An Dp tiip tue duy tri, thgm chi tdng cudng cdc chuyin th&m hOa nghi cda cdc tau hdi qudn tai cdc nUdc d khu vUc chdu A-Thdi Binh Di&mg. Tfl nam 1998 va dae bidt la ke tfl nam 2000, tau hai quan cua An Dd da vid'ng t h a m cac nude trong khu vflc thfldng xuyen hcfn, trong dd cac nfldc dflpc quan tam nhieu nha't la Viet Nam (hai qudn An Dp da cd tau vieng tham cde e ^ g cua Viet Nam thudng nidn ke tCf nfim 2004), Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia va Philippines. Hai quan An Dp cung da ed tdu tham hOU nghi Campuchia (2008) va Thai Lan (2010 vfi 2012). Mdt quan chflc trong chinh phu An Dp da nhan manh rkng, viec eac tau ciia hai quan nude nay tham hflu nghi thfldng xuydn tdi cac cang d Ddng Nam A ndi chung va cang Hai Phdng cua Vipt Nam ndi rieng "se mang lai cho An DO 'chia khda' de hi^n dien ben vQng b Bien Ddng^^ej
Khong chi diftig lai d eac ehuy&i tham hijU nghi, hM qudn An Bp hi tic nCtm 2007 dd CO cdc cugc tap trgn hai quan song phucmg vd da phucmg vdi cdc nUdc d khu
vipc Bdng Nam A vd Dong Bdc A. Nam 2007, hai quan An Dp eung My va Nhat Ban da cd cudc tap t r a n chung d vung bien eua Nhat Ban. Ke tfl dd, hai quan An Dp, My va Nhat Ban da thfldng xuyen co eae eupc tap tran ehung a cdc vung biln thudc Tay Thai Binh Dflcfng (nam 2011 do Nhat Ban phai khfic phuc hau qua cua vu dpng dat va sdng than ndn lUc Iflpng hai quan nUde nay khdng tham gia cac cudc tap tran ba ben An-Nhat-My). Nam 2010 danh dau sfl triln khai cd quy md cac chuyen vieng tham hai quan, cung nhfl tap tran cua hai quan An Dp vdi mdt so'nfldc d khu vUc Ddng Nam A ndi rieng va Thai Binh Dflcfng ndi ehung. Cudi thang 5 va dau thang 6 nam 2010, hai quan nude nay da triln khai mot bidn ddi tdu gom 4 chiec, gdm tau khu true gan ten Ifla dieu khien INS Rana, tau khu true gfin ten Ida dieu khien Ranjit, tau tie'p nhidn heu Jyoti va tau hp td'ng mang ten Ida KuHsh de'n mot so' nude d Dong Nam A vd Austraha. Day la dpt triln khai co quy md nhat eua hai quan An Dp tdi khu vflc, mang tren minh hai nhiem vu Id vid'ng tham hflu nghi va tap tran hai quan chung vdi mpt sd nUdc. Cac tau eiia hai quan An Dp da thfle hidn cdc cudc tap tran song phucfng vdi hai quan cua ba nfldc Id Indonesia, Singapore va Australia. Cac thanh vien trong dpi tau cting dflpc phan edng vid'ng tham hflu nghi eae cang nhfl Hai Phdng (Viet Nam), Manila (Philippin), Muara (Brunei), Bangkok (Thai Lan), Fremantle (Austraha), Singapore va cang Kelang (Malaysia)*^''.
Cung vdi cac chuyen tham hflU nghi va
tap tran ehung song phflcfng va da phflcfng vdi cac lflc Ifltfng hai quan d khu vflc. An Dd tiep tue Cling eac doi tac khac khai thac dau d eae md Lan Do va Lan Tay nhfl da de cap d trdn. OVL cua An Dp vao t h a n g 7/2012 ciing da khang dinh tie'p tue cdng tac t h a m db d Id 128 bat chap sfl phan ddi, t h a m chi la canh bdo tfl Trung Quo'c*^^'.
Nhfl vay, quan die'm cua An Dd ve van de tranh chap d Bien Ddng la rat ro rang.
An Dp chu trUPng giai quyet cac t r a n h chap d vung bien ndy thong qua luat phap qud'c te, nhat la LTNCLOS 1982, DOC va ung hp t u do hang hai. An Dp cung da cd nhflng ddng thai khang dinh lpi ich va bao vd lpi ich cua minh d khu vifc" thdng qua cae chuye'n tham va tap tran hai quan, thdng qua vide Idiang dinh sfl phan ddi nhOhg tuyen bd' phi ly cua Trung Qud'c hen quan den hoat dpng khai thac va tham db dau khi cua cong ty An Dp trong khu vflc kinh te' dac quyen cua Viet Nam tren Bien Ddng cung nhfl kha nang dieu tau chien de'n khu vflc.
3. T a c d p n g d e n q u a n h e V i e t N a m - A n Dp
Quan diem va nhCCng dpng thai cua An Dp d Bien Ddng da ed tac dpng kh6i:ig nhd tdi quan he Viet Nam-An Dp, dac bi^^ la trdn linh vflc chinh tri. Sfl ung hd eua An Dp ddi vdi viec giai quyet t r a n h chap chu quyen d Bien Ddng mpt each hoa binh bfing eon dudng ngoai giao tren co sd tdn trpng luat phap qud'c te va DOC 2002 cho thay rang.
An Dp la mpt qude gia cd quan diem ro rang, Idiaeh quan va ed trach nhiem trong cac van de quoc te, trong dd ed van de tranh chap chu quyen d Bien Ddng. Quan dilm nay cua An Dp phu hpp vdi ehu trflcfng cua
Viet Nam trong vide giai quydt tranh chap chu quyin d vimg bien nay.
Thu'c td'. An Dp la mot trong rihilu nfldc ldn cd ipi ich d Bien Dong len t i ^ g ijng hp giai quyet hoa hinh t r a n h chap tren ccf sd DOC 2002, luat phap quoc td' trong dd cd Cdng fldc eua LHQ ve Ludt biln (UNCLOS) 1982, ung hp tfl do hdng hai. Vdi My, sau khi Ngoai trudng Clinton tdi khang dinh nfldc nay co lpi Ich quoc gia d Biln Dong vao nam 2010 tai H a Ndi, Bp trfldng Quo'c phdng Leon Panetta trong bai phat bilu tai Ddi thoai Shangri-La*^^* n a m 2012 da nhan manh: "ehung tdi keu gpi k i l m ehe' va tim giai phap ngoai giao; chung tdi phan doi khidu khich; chung tdi phan ddi sfl ep bupc;
chung tdi phan ddi sfl dung vu lflc".... "My ed lpi ich qud'c gia ve t u do hang hai, ve phdt t r i l n Idnh te' va thflcfng mai khdng bi can trd, tdn trpng nguydn tac cua luat phap".,.
"My tin rfing viec cac the ehe khu vflc phat trien cac nguydn tac dflpc thdng nhat chung ve phflcfng thufc bao ve cac quyen cua tat ca quoc gia rihfl tfl do tiep can vdi cac viing biln la rat can thiet. Chung tdi iing hd no lflc cua eac nfldc ASEAN va Trung Qu6c trong viec xay dung mot bp quy tfic flng xfl mang tinh rang bupc cd the tao ra mdt khudn kho dfla tren nguydn tac dieu chinh flng xfl cua cac ben d Bien Ddng, bao g6m viec ngan chan va quan ly xung ddt". Ciing tai Hdi nghi nay, dai didn ciia Bd Quoc phong Nhat Ban da nhan manh: "Nhat Ban kien dinh trong viec keu gpi v l mpt giai phap hoa binh cho cac cudc xung dot d Bien Ddng phli hop vdi nguyen t^c va luat phap quoc te'. Hon nu'a, Nhat Ban dng hp cde cudc dam phdn de dat dflOe mdt Bd quy t i c fllig xfl (COC) d Bien Dong''***". Vdi Australia, Thdng cdo ehung cua Uy ban Bp trfldng hon hpp Singapore-Austraha (SAJMC) lan thfl
Vo Xudn Vinh - Quan diem cila An Do ve tranh chdp chu quyen..
7 ngay 10/9/2012 cd doan: "lien quan den Biln Ddng, cac bp trfldng k h i n g dinh lai rang, ca Australia va^Singapore deu khdng c6 tuyen bo' ehu quyen lanh tho nhiftig lai cd Irfi ieh trong viec duy tri hda binh va on dinh, tdn trpng ludt phap quoc te, khdng can trd thflcfng mai va tfl do hang hai d Biln Ddng"*«'.
Vide OVL An Dp kien quyet tiep tue triln khai Id tham db 128 trong khu vifc dac quyin kinh te' eua Viet Nam d Bien Ddng thflc sfl ed y nghia Idii mdt phan cua Id 128 nam trong hai 16 ma "Ting cdng ty dau khi Hai Ducfng Trung Qud'c (CNOOC) ngay 23/6/2012 thong bao edng khai chao thau qud'c te tai 9 16 dau khi nam sau trong pham vi viing dac quyen kinh td' va them Iuc dia cua Viet Nam, each bd bien gan nhait cua Vidt Nam 57 hai ly d khu vflc Nha Trang (Khdnh Hba), each dao Phu Quy eua Vidt Nam ehi khoang 37 hai ly"'''2). Sfl kien dinh cua OVL (An Dp) cung vdi Tahsman (Canada), Gazprom (Nga) va ExxonMobil (My) trong viec t h a m db va khai thac cac 16 dau trung vdi vi tri cac 16 ma CNOOC mdi thau phi phap trong Idiu vflc Idnh te dfic quyen cua Viet Nam cho thay rang. An Dp cCmg eae nflde len tie'ng ung hp va da'u tranh de bao ve luat phap quoe te', trong dd cd UNCLOS 1982.
Nhfl vay, cung nhfl nhieu qud'c gia khac tren the' gidi cd Icfi ich & Bien Ddng, An Do da va dang ung hd va bao vd Hien chflong Lidn hcfp qud'c (LHQ) cung nhfl luat phap qud'c td' trong viec giai quydt cdc tranh chap chu quyin d Bien Ddng. Chu trUcfing dd eua An Dp da va dang gdp phan thuc day manh me hcfn nfla quan he doi tdc truyen thd'ng vfi quan h? ddi tac chid'n Iflpe gida hai nfldc.
Tuydn bd' chung ve quan he ddi tae chien Iflpc giOa Cdng hba xa hdi chu nghia \ ^ e t
Nam va Cdng hda An Dp nam 2007 cd doan: "Hai n h a lanh dao cam ket tang cfldng vai tro cua LHQ de to chflc nay trd thdnh mdt he thdng da phflong hieu qua hcfn dfla trdn eac nguyen tac cua luat phap qud'c td' va ton chi muc tieu dflpc neu trong Hien chflpng". Quan diem eua An Dp ve tranh chap chu quyen d Biln Dong dang hien thflc hda tuyen bd' ndy cua hai nudc.
Cling vdi cdc linh vflc quan he hpp tac khac, sfl kidn dinh trong quan dilm cua An Dp ve Bien Ddng la "lieu thud'c thd", la cau tra ldi eho nhiJng nghi ngd ve moi quan he chid'n lupc Viet Nam-An Dp trong bdi canh hien nay. Dd la mpt trong nhflhg ndn tang quan trpng de ed the nang cap quan he ehien lupc Viet Nam-An Dp hidn nay len quan he ddi tac chien Iflpc toan dien trong tflcfng lai Ididng xa.
Rd rang. An Dp cd lpi ich dia chi'nh tri va Idnh te' quan trpng d Bien Dong. Trong bd'i canh gia tang cang thang d Bien Ddng lien quan de'n van de tranh chap chu quyen, cung nhfl nhieu nfldc ldn tren the gidi cd lpi ieh quan trpng d vung bie'n nay, An Dp da co quan die'm cung nhu hanh ddng rd rdng. An Dp mpt mat ting hd giai quydt tranh chap bang eon dfldng hba binh dya tren luat phap qud'c te', mat khae ed nhijng hanh ddng eu the de bao ve eac lpi ich cua minh. Su kien dinh ve quan dilm ciia An Dp trong van de nay mpt lan nfla khang dinh moi quan he on dinh, truyen thdng va ehien lupc Viet Nam-An Do, dong thdi la nen tang dfla quan he hai nflde len tam quan he ddi tae ehien Iflpc todn chdn trong thdi gian tdi./.
10
C H U THICH
1. Vl mdi quan he trong lich sd giO'a An Do vdi cac nudc ven Biln Ddng, co the xem George Coedes (1968), The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, Hawaii: East West Centre Press.
2. Xem Vo Xuan Vinh (2011), ASEAN trong chinh sach hudng Dong cda An Bp, Luan din Tien si sd hoc, Hoc vien KHXH, tr.66-69.
3. Jawaharlal Nehru, Discovery of India, Calcutta, 1946, p.473.
4. Tai lieu da din.
5. Swaran Singh, China-South Asia; Issues, Equations, Policies, New Delhi: Lancer's Books, 2003, p.115.
6. Nasir Naveed (2012), Pakistan-China Relations OpEd, Eurasia Review, September 5.
7. Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury (2011), China- Pakistan Relations: Evolution of an 'All- Weather Friendship', ISAS Insights, No.
125 - 14 June, p.2.
8. Prakash Nanda (2003), Rediscovering Asia - Evolution of India's Look-East Policy, New Delhi; Lancer Publishers &
Distributors, p.303.
9. China confirms takeover of Pak's Gwadar port, The Times of India, Sep 4, 2012.
10. Poon Kim Shee, The Political Economy of China - Myanmar Relations: Strategic and Economic Dimensions, Kitsumeikan Annual Review of Internationcd Studies, Vol.1, 2002, p.34.
11. Uday Bhaskar (1999), Myanmar: Advancing India's Interest Through Engagements, in Brahma Chellaney (ed), Securing India's Future in the New Millenium, Orient Longman, New Delhi, p.427.
12. John Jeffer (2004), Eyeing Burma, The Irrawaddy, January 01.
13. Sudha Ramachandran, China moves into India's back yard, Asia Times, Mar 13, 2007.
14. ChuSi ngpc trai la chien lupc dirpc Trung Quoc thyc hien n h ^ duy tri vide md rong hai quan thdng qua xay dung ccf sd ha tang dan sy-quan sy d khu vyc An Do Ducfng - noi td Dong Nam A tdi bd biln phia dSng chau Phi. Cimg vdi "chuSi dao thd hai"
(thiet lap sy thdng tri ciia Trung Quo'c d bien Bac Hai, Dong Hal va Bien Dong) tao thanh mot true anh hudng dia chinh tri, tilp can kinh t l va hien dien quan sy. Xem cu t h l W.Lawrence S Prabhakar, China's 'String of Pearls' in Southern Asia-Indian Ocean: Implications for India and Taiwan, in M.J.Vinod, Yeong-kuang Ger and S.Y.Surendra Kumar (2009), Security Challenges in the Asia-Pacific Region: The Taiwan Factor, New Delhi: Viva Books International, pp.39-60
15.Vijay Saldiuja (2012), Strategic Dimensions of India's Look East PoUcy, in Ram, Amar Nath (Ed.), Two Decades of India's Look East Policy, New Delhi:
Manohar, p.225.
16. The World Bank, India: Foreign Trade Policy, httpy/web. worldbank.org/WESITE/EXTERN AIVCOUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/EXTSAR REGTOPINTECOTRA/0„contentMDK:20592 520~menuPK579454~pagePK34004173~piP K:34003707-theSitePK:579448,00.html, cap nhat n ^ 31 thang 10 nam 2012.
17. Tinh toan theo so' lipi ttr Department of Commerce (Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India), India Export- Import Data Bank: Version 6.0 - Tradestat, http://commerce.nic.in/eidb/defauIt.asp. Cic nln kinh te chau A-Thai Binh Duong duoc thing ke bao gom: Brunei, Campuchia, Indonesia, Lao, Malaysia, Myamnar, Philippin, Sii^apore, Thai Lan, YM, Nam, DM Loan, Trung Qu6c, Hdng Kong, Macao, Nhat Ban, Han Qu6c, B ^ Trilu Ti&n, M&ng CS, Australia, Fiji, Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon, Tonga, Vanuatu, Samoa
18. India-ASEAN connectivity is our strategic objective, says Manmohan, The Hindu, November 19, 2011. Sang kiln Hdnh lang kinh ti Mekong-An Bg (MIEC) n ^ trong
Vo Xudn Vinh - Quan diem cua An Do ve tranh chdp chu quyen..
cac hoat dpng cac nghidn cdu d l xuat ket u S giao thong de thyc hign Ke hoach chi tilt C6ng dong Kinh te ASEAN do ViSn Nghien cdu Kinh tg" ASEAN va Dong A (ERIA) tiln hanh. Sfing kiln ban diu ctia ASEAN vl hfinh langjifiy la H&nh lang Cong nghi?p Mekong-An Do. Nam 2009, ERIA ra Thuygt trinh scf bo (Concept paper) v i y tudng nay. Tai H6i nghi cip cao ASEAN-An Dp thang 11/2011 tai Bali, Indonesia, Thu tudng An Do Manmohan Singh da nhan manh din vai tro ciia Hknh lang nfiy trong chien lupc ket ndi ASEAN- An D6 trong thdi gian tdi.
19. T.S. Subramanian, The Vietnam Connection, Frontline, Volume 20 - Issue 01, January 18 - 31, 2003.
20. BPs Vietnam project: Deora to support ONGC bid, Rediff Business, October 01,2010.
21. ONGC Videsh Lmiited pulls out of block in South China Sea, The Times of India, May 16, 2012.
22. Tai li6u da din.
23. An Dp hpp tac vdi VN thfim db diu khi d Biln Dong, Vietnani+, 19/07/2012.
24.Vijay Sakhuja (2011), India's Stakes in South China Sea, BM tham luan tai hoi thio khoa hoc Quo'c te lin thd 3: "Bien Bdng: Hpp tfic vi an ninh va phat triln trong khu vyc" do Hoc vign Ngoai giao va Hpi Lugt gia ddng to chdc tai Ha Noi ttr ngfiy 4-5/11/2011.
25. Trin TrUdng Thiiy (2012), Y§u sfich vfi ccf sd phfip 1^ doi chd quyen cua cac ben d Bien Dong, Nghiin cdu Bong Nam A, Sd 2, tr.35.
26. Chinese Military Seeks to Extend Its Naval Power, The New York Times, April 23, 2010.
27. Antony calls for cooperative approach to protect sea lanes, prevent piracy, The Statesman, 12 Oct, 2010.
28. Ministry of Foreign Aflfmrs of India, Incident involving INS Airavat in South China Sea, Press Briefings, September 01, 2011 29. Beijing says keep off South China Sea,
Delhi unmoved, Hindustan Times, September 16, 2011.
30. China objects to oU hunt, India says back off, Hindustan Times, September 15, 2011.
31. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of India, Recent developments in South China Sea, Press Briefings, May 10, 2012.
32. China may assert itself but India wUl pro- tect its rights: Minister of State for Defence M M Pallam Raju, The Economic Times, Sep 16, 2011.
33.WeTl send force to protect our interests in South China Sea, says Navy chief, The Hindu, December 3, 2012.
34. Tai lieu da din.
35. Tai lieu da din.
36. India set to drop anchor off China, Deccan Chronicle, Nov 13, 2012.
37. Indian Navy's Eastern Fleet, deploys in east, Frontier India, May 25th, 2010.
38. China to react if India seeks oil in South China Sea, The Econonuc Times, August 1, 2012.
39. Panetta, Leon, The US Rebalance Towards the Asia-Pacific, The Shangri-La Dialogue, 2 June 2012.
40. Watanabe, Shu, Protecting Maritime Freedom, The Shangri-La Dialogue, 2 June 2012.
41. Autralian Minister for Foreign Affairts, Joint Communique of the Seventh Singapore Australia Joint Ministerial Committee (SAJMC), 10 September 2012.
42. PetroVietnam, PetroVietnam phdn ddi CNOOC cda Trung Quoc ggi thdu phi
phdp, 27/6/2012, https://www.ptsc.com.vn/vie/layout/set/prin
t/TTSK/DK/PVN/PetroVietnam-ph-n-d-i- CNOOC-c-a-Trung-Qu-c-g-i-th-u-phi-phap
