Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe nno
w
Tir VAN DAU Tir VA THIET KE KHAI THAC cac mo khoang san bang phuong phap ham Id
Under the coordination among IMSAT and the Mineral Corporation, so far, many mineral mining projects have been implemented and among them are Vi Kem copper ore and Sa Phin gold ore mining ones. These two mines have been invested and mined with the underground mining method with modern technologies from mining to processing processes. The paper refers to the investment consultation and design works for the mineral mines with underground mining method
ThS. vu CHAU TUAN ThS. N G U V E N BCKC T H A N G
ThS. NGUYEN VAN K|6N VANNK
Vi^n Khoa hpc Cong ngh^ Md-Wnacomin
Theo Quy hoach phan vijng tham d6, khai thac, c h i bien va st> dung quang vang, dong, niken, molipden d i n nam 2015, CO xet d i n nam 2025 duac phe duyet (Quyit dinh s6 1 1 / 2 0 0 8 / Q D - B C T n g a y 05/06/2008 cua Bp tnj'ang Bp Cong Thyang), muc tieu san lypng trong Quy hoach doi vo'i vang kim loai; nam 2015 dat 6 tin/nam; giai doan 2015 - 2025 dat 8 -10 tin/nam; doi vai ding kim loai: nam 2015 dat 20.000 tin/nam; giai doan 2015 - 2025 dat 30.000 - 40.000 tin/nam.
Khu mo quang vang gdc Sa Phin - Van Ban vi mo quang dong Vi Kem, Bat xat - Lao Cai la mot trong nhijng diem mo quang se dypc d i y manh cong tac tham do va dau t u khai thac.
Thyc hien quy hoach tr§n, ai dap yng nhu cau thj tnro'ng, myc tieu phat triin ben vu'ng, dinh huimg khai thac thu hoi t i l da tai nguySn, thong qua vi$c ap dyng cac cong nghe tien tiin, dam bao hieu qua kinh t i vi0c khai thac va bao ve moi tryang sinh thai. T i n g Cong ty Khoang san - Vinacomin va Vian Khca hpc Cpng nghe Mo -
Vinacomin da ky ket Thoa thuan ht?p tic chien lircfc ngay 20/10/2010, nhim nang cao han nya m i l quan he hpp tac va phii hap chat che giu'a hai ben trong cong tac nghien ciju khoa hpc, ty v i n d i u t y va yng dung cac t i i n bp khoa hpc ky thuat trong iinh vyc khai thac, c h i biin sau khoang san...
TO' do d i n nay, hai ben da va dang phoi hap thyc hipn r i t nhiiu dy an, trong d6 co dy an d i u t u xay dyng cong trinh khai thac mo dong Vi Kem, huyen Bat xat va dy an d i u tu XDCT khai thac quang vang goc khu Sa Phin, huyen Van Ban thupc tinh Lao Cai. Cac dy an tren dupe dau t y theo dinh hyang xay dyng mo him 16 kiiu m i u , ap dung toi da cac giai phap ky thuat, c6ng ngh$ tien t i i n tir khau khai thac mo d i n cong tac c h i biin khoang san
1. DIP an d i u t y XDCT khai thac quang vang gdc khu Sa Phin - van Ban - Lao Cai.
TCf nam 2003 Ting Cong ty Khoang san da chu tryang tham d6 va dya vao khai thac mo vang goc Sa Phin. Khu mo thupc ffla phan ban Sa Phin, xa
Nam Xay, huyen Van Ban, tinh Lao Cai, c6 dien tich tham d6 1,22 km2, trong d6 khu Sa Phin 1,06 km2 va khu Tsuha 0,16 km2. Hinh 1 t h i hien ting mat bang mo vang Sa Phin.
Cong tac tim kiim tham do dia chat vung mo da dupe thyc hien ti> nh&ng nam 1995 1997. D i n nay, viec tham d6 ti mi theo de an "Tham d6 quang vang goc khu Sa Phin, Van Ban, Lao Cai" da hoan thanh va bao cao k i t qua tham d6 da dypc Hpi dong Danh gia trO lypng Khoang san phe duyet (Quyit dinh so 852/Qe- HDTLKS ngay 26 thang 04 nam 2012). Theo d6, try lypng quang vang goc khu Sa Phin dypc xac cSnh la 1.600 kg vang kim loai.
Qua trinh tham do khu mo da phat hien 06 than quang vang goc; fQ14, TQ15, TQ17, TQ18, TQ18A, TQ19. Khu vyc nay da bi khai thac trai phep nhiiu nam tryac vai quy mo lan, cho nen hau h i t phin tren mat mot s i than quang d i bi khai thac hit, theo chiiu sau ti>
vai m d i n 50m - 60m.
Cac than quang c6 cau tao
KHCNM S 6 6/2012* CNKT H/ilM L 6
Hinh 1. Tong mat bang md vang Sa Phin Bing 1. Tong hop trie lu^gmg khu md
TT Than quang
Toan mo 1 2 3 4
TQ15 TQ17 TQ18 TQ19
TrOflu>qmg 0,71-1,2
Quing 8.301 8.300,8
- -
Kim loai 36 36,7
- -
1,21-2,23 Qu^ng 254311 40.266,0 87 411,5 80 390,2 46.244,4
Kim loai 1 578 225,7 306,4 736,5 309,0
T6ng c^ng
Quing 262,612 48.565,8 87,411,5 80.390,2 46 244,4
Kim loai 1.613 261,4 306,4 736,5 309,0
Him / i / v n g ving trung
binh (gTtan)
6,14 5,38 3,60 9,16 6,68
Tfli,'^
100 18,49 33,29 30,61 17,61
KHCNM SO 6/2012* CNKT HAM LO
THAN QUANG 17
T h o n g tin k h o a h o c c o n g n g h e m o
L6lhanoqi6*1351 ThuofigcM
:y^Hujtl314
\Goong KT 17-2 lTbuooflv<ntai-H230/+1314 +1ZW
Hinh 2. So' do tong hop cac dir la nhu'ng m a c h do'n. keo dai theo p h u ' c n g T a y Bac - D o n g Nam va a v? t u y e n , h u o n g c ^ m Chung vg N a m v 6 i goc d6c 65'"' - 80*^, q u a n g t h u o c kieu t h a c t i anti - sulfur - v a n g c6 m ^ u t r ^ n g due ph61 t i m . v a n g a m khoi. nhieu h a n g hoc, t r o n g hang hoc thu-ong lap day pynt.
limonit; c h i ^ u day t h a n q u a n g ti>' m o n g d ^ n trung b i n h . bien
•ong 16 than qudng 17. den nam dat cong suat thiet ke doi tu- 0,99m - 2 . 2 3 m , trung
b i n h 1,53m Nhin chung, chieu day va goc d6c cac than q u a n g tu'O'ng d6i 6n d i n h , da vay q u a n h thuoc loai on dmh, sap do trung binh den kho sap 66.
T r o n g ranh g i a i khao sat thi^t ke, khu mo c6 tong tru' kro'ng dia chat 2 6 2 . 6 1 2 tan q u a n g , t r o n g do, trQ' i u ' c n g p h a n bo c h u y e u trong dieu kien chieu
day 1 . 2 1 - 2 , 2 3 m la 254 311 tSn, c h i 6 m 9 6 , 8 % t 6 n g trCc luo'ng toan mo. phan trO' lu-'ang con lai phan bo trong dieu kien chi^u day 0,71 - 1,2m (bang 1) Thu'C t e , p h a n t r u l u a n g cSp 122, d6i tu'ang thiet ke khai thac d ^ u n^m sat be mat dia hinh, du'6'! lop d^t phu 5 - 7 m , chieu sau phan bo tu' 20 - 30m (neng than q u a n g 19 sau han.
Ok chin khfing gian khai Ih^c
Hinh 3. He thong khai thic buong chia l&p ngang, chen Id bang da tru
KIICNM SO 6/2012* CNKT 1I,\M LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
75 - 85m), tuy nhien, cac thSn quang d i u n i m rai rac trong pham vi tham do, do d6 to chyc khai thac h i m 16 la phii hpp
Theo d6. cac phyang an khai thdng dypc nghien ciru lya chpn la khai thong bIng 16 bang cho tyng than quang neng bi?t hoac khai thong Chung cho cym than quang, v6'i myc khai th6ng t h i p nhit +1230.
Hinh 2 t h i hi$n sa d i t i n g hpp cac dyang 16 than quang 17- mo Sa Phin, d i n nam dat cong suit thiet k i .
Vai cong suit thiit k i 60 ngan tan quang nguyen khai/nam (tyang yng 330 kg vang kim loai/nam), mo dypc to chyc khai thac ding thai a hai than quang TQ17 va TQ18, VO'I 04 guang khai thac dong thai, cong suit m i l gyang 15.000 tin/nam.
Cong nghe khai thac dyac lya chpn ap dung chu y i u la c5ng nghe khai thac buing chia lap ngang, chen 16 bang da tru (hinh 3). He thong khai thac nay dyac ap dung khai thac cho d i i u kien cac than quang d i e dung c6 chiiu day trung binh, quang co dp ben virng ian, dat da xung quanh kem b i n vu'ng, mat tiip xijc giOa dat da va quang tyang dpi d i u , than quang khong chira kep, gia tri kinh t i cua quang lan, nen phu hap vai khu vyc thiit k i .
Van tai quang 6' cac 16 chp bing hinh thyc t y chay tren nen mang ton; van tai quang a thygng cpt bing mang trupt, cCra thac; van tai 6' cac 16 dpc via van tai bang xe gc6ng.
Quang dyac do' tai tai mat
bing san cong nghiep +1230 qua ha thong bunke xuing 6t6, van tai d i n xyo'ng tuyin khoang trong ranh gid'i m i .
cac cong trinh xay dyng tren mat bing mo dypc d i u t y xay dyng mi'i, d i n g b i , phu hpp v6'i day chuyen c6ng ngh$
va c6ng suit thiit k i 76.000 tinqujng /nam, bao g i m cym nha van ph6ng diiu hanh san xuit, khu tap t h i cong nhSn, nha den ac quy, nha noi hai, nha tam, nha giat s i y ., cym xyo'ng tuyin khoang, bao g i m nha xyang tuyin, bai thai bCin;
nha tram quat gio, xyo'ng cua, kho g6, nha sua chu'a ca khi...
tai mat bang san c6ng nghiep +1230.
Cong trinh dau ty khai thac quang vang g i c khu Sa Phin - Van Ban - Lao Cai dypc thiit ke phii hpp v6i dieu kien dia chat - ky thuat mo, hpp ly vo'i diiu kien khai tryang, trij' lypng tai nguyen, thai gian ton tai mo. Vai cac giai phap thiit k i dya ra, viec dau t y xay dyng_ ding bp t i hap khai thac - tuyin trong khai truang mo la c6 hieu qua kinh t i .
Tuy nhien, do dy an c6 mu-c d i u t u tyang doi 16'n, khai tryang mo nam sau trong ru'ng nui, giao thong di lai r i t kh6 khan. D i dy an dat hieu qua cao han nua, Tong Cong ty Khoang san va tinh Lao Cai c i n CO nhiJng chinh sach ho trp v i lai vay v i n d i u ty, phii k i t hpp tren ca sa can bang Ipi ich giu'a tinh Lao Cai va doanh nghiep trong cong tac xay dyng va phat triin he thing giao thong chung t y xa iulinh Lyang vaokhai tryo'ng mo, vi tuyen duo'ng nay khong nhifng tryc tiip phuc vy giao thong
cua mo ma con k i t hpp phMc vu di lai, giao thyang cua ding bap cac dan t i c miin niji.
2. D ^ an d i u t y xay dyng cong trinh khai thac qu|ng d i n g Vi Kem - Bat Xat - Lao Cai.
T y nam 2006, Ting Cong ty Khoang san da co chu tryong tham d6 va dya vao khai thac m i d i n g Vi Kem - Bat Xat - Lao Cai. Xi nghiep Dja chit 109 tryc thupc Cong ty TNHH MTV Dia chit Viat B i c - Vinacomin thyc hian d i an "Tham do quang d i n g va khoang san di kem viing Vi Kem, xa Cic My, huy$n Bat Xat, tinh Lao Cai", theo giiy phap tham do khoang san s i 1291/GP- BTNMT ngay 24/6/2008 cua Bp Tai nguyen va H/I6i tnrang.
Dien tich vCing tham do rpng 3,14km^ dia hinh khu mo gim cac d i i nui cao v6'i dp cao tuyet doi t y 100 - 350m, co phyang keo dai Tay B i c - Dong Nam, sud'n d i e nghieng v i piiia Dong Bic, cac suo'n nui deu die, dia hinh bi phan cit manh.
Den nay "Bao cao tham do bo sung quang ding va khoang san di kem vung Vi Kem, xa C i c My, huyen Bat xat, tinh Lao Cai* da dupe Hpi dong Danh gia trif lyang khoang san phe duyet (Quyit dinh s i 837/QD-HDTLKS ngay 04/11/2011, trO lypng tinh den thang 03/2010). Theo d6, triJ lypng mo dypc phe duyat la 5.154.000 t i n quang ding, tyang yng vo'i 39.104 tan dong kim loai. Tong hpp tru' lupng mo trong ranh gio'i khao sat thiit k i dypc t h i hien trong bang 2.
Qua trinh tham do khu mo da phat hien dypc 18 than
KHCNM s o 6/2012* CNKT HAM LO
Th6ng tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
Bang 2. Trif Iwcrng mo phin theo chieu day
Than quang
Toan md TQ1.1 TQ1.2 TQ2.1 TQ2 2 T Q 1 A 1 TQ1A.2 TQ6.1 TQ7 1
Tru' limng (tan) 1,2m-3,5m
Quang 2.550.607,9 1.013 764,0
284.879,6 428,281,9 121 404,0 201.468,6 168.041,3 111.534,0 231.244,7
Kim loai 17.192,7
5 906,4 2.966,4 2.816,9 640,8 1.842,5 1.382,1 565,0 1 082,5
>3,Sm Qu$ng 2.603.602,4
886.829,4 1.103 679,8
22 108,3 403.001,3
138.996,6 48.987,0
Kim loai 21.910,9
6.725,0 11.093,8 124,7 2.316,3
1.410,0 241,2
Tong cong
Qu^ng 5.154.210,3 1.900.583,3 1.388.559,4 450.390,3 624.406,3 201.468,6 297 037,9 160 621,0 231 244,7
Kim loai 39.103,6 12.631,4 14.050,2 2 941,6 2.957,1 1.842,6 2.792,1 806,2 1.082,5
Ham lu'O'ng
0,76 0,7 1,0 0,7 0,6 0,9 0,9 0,5 0,5
Tyii
(%)
100,0 36,87 26,94 8,74 10,17 3,91 6,76 3,11 4,49 quang dong, nhung chi co 08
than quang dat cap trO lugng du ^ e u kien thiet ke khai thac, bao gom: TQ1.1, TQ1.2, TQ2.1, TQ2.2, TQIa.1.
TQ1a.2,TQ5.1 va TQ7.1.
Trong gio'i han khai tru'O'ng thi§t k§, cac than quang co dac dilm phan b6 g^n song song vai nhau, phu-cng vj du-ang phu-cng chung la 140"- 320°, cac than quang thupc loai doc du-ng, cam v§ phia Bong B^c voi goc d6c 60° - 80°. Hinh thai cac than quang la dang mach, t h i u kinh di>t dogn phu-c tap, vo'i nhCrng dac diem cc ban sau:
- Cac than quang chi phat trien tCr tren xu6ng d§n do sau mCfc -50m, nai sau nh§t den mu-c -100m, ca biet co mot so than quang phat trien xuong miKC -150m nhu-ng lai phin bo khong d^u, c§u tao dang mach va vat mong vo'i chieu day ti>
0,27m-0,95m.
- Cac than quang co chieu day thay do! tCr 1,55m - 7,8m, trung binh 3,66m va du-cc x6p vao nhom than quang day
trung binh den day. Tong tri>
lu'O'ng dja chat khu mo:
5.154.210 tan quang, trong do t n i lu'O'ng cac than quang co chieu day 1,2 - 3,5m la 2.550.608 t i n , chiem 49,5%;
trij- lu'O'ng cac than quang c6 chieu day > 3,5m la 2.603.602 tan, chi§m 51,5%.
- Tru" lu'O'ng khu mo tap trung chu yeu a 02 than quang chinh TQ1.1 vaTQ1.2, la 3,29 trieu tan, chilm 63,8% tong iris lugng toan mo.
Khai thong khu mo bang cap gieng nghieng (gi§ng van tai quang, vgn chuyen vat lieu, thong gio), ket hp'p vai 16 xuyen via t^ng. Mat bang cua 16 gieng va san cong nghiep mo du'p'c lu'a chpn tai mCnc +160 6' phia ranh gio'i Dong Nam khai tru'O'ng mo, vi tri nam giiJa tuyen tham do dja chat T.44-2 va T41-1. Cap gilng nghieng se du'Q'c dao den mCrc v^n tai - 50, muc thong gio duo-c lira chpn 6'mu'C+150.
- Gieng nghieng chinh van tai quang +160 /-58 du'p'c dao vffi goc doc 20°, chieu dai
gieng L = 651m Gieng nghieng phu true tai vat lieu, van tai nguo'i +160 / -50 dup'c dao vo'i goc doc 23°, chieu dai gieng L
= 571m.
- MLPC van tai: Sau khi xay dung he th6ng san ga chan gi§ng muc -50, ti§n hanh dao 16 van tai chinh -50 vao dSn than quang TQ1.1.
- Muc thong gio: Tai vj tri mat bang muc +150 (tren tuySn dia chlitT.47-1) tiin hanh dao 16 thong gio chinh +150 denTQI.1, sau d6 dao 16 theo than quang TQ2.1 muc +150
Sc do khai thong cac than qu$ng muc -50 cua mo dupe the hien tren hinh 4.
Khai tru6'ng mo du'p'c chuan bi theo tang va dup-c chia thanh cac phan tang. Tren cac than quang, cac guong khai thac dup'c chuan bj theo sc do khau dat. Trong mpt khu, cong tac chuin bj va khai thac theo trinh tu than quang tren khai thac truoc, than quang nam duo-i khai thac sau; trong moi tang, phan tang tren khai
KHCNM S 6 6/2012* CNKT H A M L 6
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
Ga ch9n giing -50^ Gieng phu •160/-50 Ranh gio+160
L6 van lai -50 TQ1 1 \ ': L6 vari tii chinh -50 XCiJng chinh+160i-5e L6vantai-5DTQ1.1 -TQ1.2 \ \ / l£i_vJ!iJiOlj IQI.I L6 van t.ii-?0 702.2
Ga-3DTQ11
•^L6 van tai -50 TQI'"t"-TQ1a.2.
L6 van lai -50TQ1,1-TQ1,2 4 a van lai -50 TQ1 2|
, Lov^n tai-50101.2
Hinh 4.
thac tryac. phan tang dyo'i khai thac sau.
Tai thai diim mo dat cong suit thiet ke 400.000 t i n quang/nam, cac dien khai thac va chuin bi dyac b i tri d i n g thai tai ba than quang TQ2.1, TQ2 2 va TQ1.1, vai 04 gyang khai thac dong i\^ai. cong suit moi guang 100 000 tan/nam.
He thong khai thac ap dung cho mo dypc lya chon tren ca sa dieu kien d|a chit - ky thuat cac than quang Dy an de xuit 02 he thong khai thac: He thing khai thac buing lyu quang va he thing khai thac pha no phan ting; khoan n i min thu cong bang cac 16 khoan duang kinh nho (hinh 5 va6)
Van tai quang a cac buing khai thac bang hinh thyc ty chay qua cac cya thao quang, van tai quang a thyang cpt bing mang trypt; van tai quang 6' cac 16 trung gian bang xe goong day tay; van tai quang tai 16 doc via, xuyen via
So* do khai thong cac than qu$ng van tai chinh bing t i u dien i c quy 5 t i n , xe go6ng 1m^
Quang khai thac a gyang, sau khi chit tai len xe goong 1m^ tai 16 doc via van tai chinh -50, dypc dau tau dipn i c quy 5 tan keo d i n do' tai vao bunke tai san ga chan giing -50, qua may dap ham, co' hat sau dap dam bao kich thyo'c Ian nhit 200mm tryac khi chit tai vao bang tai giing nghieng va dypc van tai len mat bing san c6ng nghiep+160.
cac cong trinh xay dyng tren mat bing mo dypc d i u t y xay dyng mai d i n g bo thep ydu cau san xuit phu hpp vo'i day chuyin cong nghe va cong suit thiit k i 400.000 tin/nam bao gom: nha hanh chinh sinh boat, nha t i m , giat s i y nha an 150 c h i , nha tram true giing nghieng chinh, nha tram true giing nghieng phu, nha sya chi^a ca khi, xyang cya, kho g i . . (mat bing san cong nghiep mo +160); nha tram x y ly nuo'c; kho vat lieu no 5 tin...;
he thong van tai ngoai (tuyin bang tai tO mat bang san cong nghiep mo +160 v i nha may tuyen), he thing SDK 6kV, duo'ng i n g cung c i p nyac sinh boat tip nha may tuyin d i n san cong nghiep mo..
IVI6 h i m 16 Vi Kem va mo vang g i c Sa Phin la nhung mo ham 16 khai thac khoang san k i i u m i u d i u tien cua Tong Cong ty Khoang san noi neng va trong Tap doan Cong nghiep Than - Khoang san noi chung, duac xay dyng, ap dung cac giai phap ky thuat tier t i i n , t y khai thac mo din che biin khoang san. C6ng tac diu t y xay dyng mo h i m 16 ia co hieu qua kinh t i , dap Cmg nhu c i u tieu thu d i n g va vang kim leal cua cac nganh cong nghiep trong nyac. Cac mo h i m 16 khai thac ding Vi Kem va vang Sa Phin di van hoat dong se tao t i i n d i phat triin ben vu'ng va xay dyng cac mo h i m 16 khai thac khoang san khac trong tyang lai cua Tong Cong ty Khoang san-Vinacomin.
KHCNM s o 6/2012* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe r
Hinh 5. He thong khai thac pha no phan tang - mo dong Vi Kem
* A LJdc^^;
Hinh 6. He thong khai thac buong Iwu quang Han nya, dia diem xay dyng
mo nam tren d|a ban co nhiiu dan tpc thiiu so, vi vay, khi di vao hoat dpng se tao cong an viec lam i n ffinh, nang cao aa\
sing van h6a tinh t h i n cua nhan dan dia phyang, gop phan tich eye dam bao cong tac an sinh xa hoi./.
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Nghien ciru kha nang co giai hoa vi de xuat cac giai phap nang cao hi$u qua khai thac mo vang Minh Limng - Van Ban - Lao Cai- Vien Khoa hoc Cong nghe Mo Vina- comin. Ha Ngi 2011
2. Dtr an dau tw XDCT khai
mo dong Vi Kem
thac mo dong Vi Kem - Bat Xat - Lao Cai, Vi$n Khoa hgc cong nghe Mo-Vinacomin. Ha Noi.
2012
3. Dif an dau twXDCT khai thac quang vang goc khu Sa Phin - Van Ban - Lao Cai, Vien Khoa hoc Cong ngh$ Mo - Vinacomin. Ha Noi. 2012.
KHCNM S 6 (i/2l)12« CNKT HAM LO
